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"Isolasi Pandangolide 1 dari Cladosporium oxysporum, suatu Endofit dari Tanaman Terestrial Alyxia reindwartii. Pandangolide 1 berhasil diisolasi dari ekstrak etil asetat jamur endofit C. oxysporum yang hidup dalam tanaman inang A. reinwardtii. Struktur pandangolide 1 dijelaskan berdasarkan data spektroskopi masa dan NMRnya. Pandangolide 1 pertama kali dilaporkan diisolasi dari cendawan endofit C. oxysporum yang hidup dalam tanaman inang di darat.

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Pandangolide 1 was isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of Cladosporium oxysporum cultures. The fungus was originally obtained from Alyxia reinwardtii. The structure of pandangolide 1 was elucidated on the basis of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and accurate mass spectrometric data. This is the first report of the isolation of pandangolide 1 from endophytic C. oxysporum derived from a terrestrial host plant."

"Pandangolide 1 was isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of Cladosporium oxysporum cultures. The fungus wasoriginally obtained from Alyxia reinwardtii. The structure of pandangolide 1 was elucidated on the basis of nuclearmagnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and accurate mass spectrometric data. This is the first report of the isolationof pandangolide 1 from endophytic C. oxysporum derived from a terrestrial host plant.Isolasi Pandangolide 1 dari Cladosporium oxysporum, suatu Endofit dari Tanaman Terestrial Alyxia reindwartii.Pandangolide 1 berhasil diisolasi dari ekstrak etil asetat jamur endofit C. oxysporum yang hidup dalam tanaman inangA. reinwardtii. Struktur pandangolide 1 dijelaskan berdasarkan data spektroskopi masa dan NMRnya. Pandangolide 1pertama kali dilaporkan diisolasi dari cendawan endofit C. oxysporum yang hidup dalam tanaman inang di darat."

"Diversitas Molekuler Berbasis ISSR pada Durio tanjungpurensis Asal Kalimantan Barat, Indonesia. Durian Tengkurak (Durio tanjungpurensis Navia) adalah salah satu spesies langka yang eksotis dari suku Malvaceae. Durian tersebut bernilai penting untuk konservasi plasma nutfah dan berpotensi sebagai sumber daya genetik untuk pengembangan durian di masa depan. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui keragaman molekuler D. tanjungpurensis asal Kalimantan Barat berdasarkan penanda Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR). Sepuluh primer ISSR digunakan untuk mengetahui keragaman genetik 60 individu Durian Tengkurak dari enam populasi endemik alami D. tanjungpurensis. Parameter keragaman genetik didasarkan pada data biner pita DNA produk PCR, yaitu ada atau tidak- ada pita. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata jumlah alel, rata-rata jumlah efektif alel, diversitas genetik, indeks informasi Shannon, jumlah polimorfik lokus, dan persentase polimorfik lokus berturut-turut adalah 1,53, 1,29, 0,17, 0,26, 77,83 dan 52,59. Analisis ragam molekuler (AMOVA) menunjukkan keragaman genetik yang lebih tinggi di dalam populasi (65%) dibandingkan antar populasi (35%). Analisis gugus menggunakan metode UPGMA berdasarkan matriks keserupaan Dice dan analisis koordinat utama digunakan untuk mengelompokkan semua individu populasi ke dalam tiga kelompok, yaitu grup 1 (Hutan Rejunak dan Tembaga), grup 2 (Bukit Merindang), dan grup 3 (Hutan Rawak, Bukit Sagu 1 dan Bukit Sagu 2). Analisis lebih lanjut terhadap struktur populasi menggunakan program STRUCTURE menyatukan grup 2 dan 3 ke dalam satu grup utama. Penelitian ini berhasil mengungkap keragaman genetik Durian Tengkurak menggunakan penanda ISSR.

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The Durian Tengkurak (Durio tanjungpurensis Navia) is one of the endangered exotic species in the Malvaceae family. The species is important for conservation of the germplasm and is considered a potential genetic resource for the development of durian in the future. The objective of this research project was to assess the molecular diversity of D. tanjungpurensis in West Kalimantan, based on Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers. We applied ten ISSR primers to reveal the genetic diversity of 60 individuals from six natural endemic D. tanjungpurensis populations. The genetic diversity parameters were estimated based on binary data about PCR products (present or absent bands). The results showed that the mean number of observed alleles, the mean number of effective alleles, the genetic diversity, the Shannon?s Information Index score, the number of polymorphic loci, and the percentage of polymorphic loci were 1.53, 1.29, 0.17, 0.26, 77.83, and 52.59, respectively. An analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that the genetic diversity within a population (65%) was higher than that found between the populations (35%). UPGMA clustering and principal coordinate analysis, based on the DICE similarity matrix, were used to classify the populations into three groups: 1) Hutan Rejunak and Tembaga, 2) Bukit Merindang, and 3) Hutan Rawak, Bukit Sagu 1, and Bukit Sagu 2. Further analysis of the population structure using STRUCTURE software was used to classify all the individuals into two major categories, thus uniting Groups 2 and 3 as one major category. In conclusion, a high level of genetic diversity in the Durian Tengkurak was revealed utilizing the ISSR markers employed in the study."

"Benzimidazole (BZ) resistance to gastrointestinal nematodes in small ruminants (sheep and goat) has become a significant problem worldwide. Evidences of anthelmintic resistance to albendazole in Indonesia has been reported from some government owned farms in West Java, Central Java, and Yogyakarta. Previous study on the sheep parasite H. contortus had shown that the BZ resistance was related to selection for individuals in a population possesing a spesific β-tubulin isotype 1 gene. The study is aimed to determine mutation on coding region of central part of β-tubulin isotype 1 gene of H. contortus resistant strain from Indonesia. Seven H. contortus worms were isolated from four BZ resistant sheep from two government farms (SPTD Trijaya, Kuningan, West Java, and UPTD Pelayanan Kesehatan Hewan, Bantul, Yogyakarta), and from a BZ susceptible sheep from Cicurug, Sukabumi, West Java. DNA was extracted individually from female H. contortus worms. A fragment of 520 bp β-tubulin isotype 1 gene exon 3, 4, 5 was amplified using the PCR technique and then sequenced. The results showed that a single mutation occurred in codon 200 (from phenilalanine to tyrosine) had caused benzimidazole resistance in H. contortus from SPTD Trijaya, Kuningan, West Java. Mutation in β-tubulin isotype 1 gene of H. contortus from UPTD Pelayanan Kesehatan Hewan, Yogyakarta, occurred in codon 198 (from glutamate to glycine), codon 201 (from cystein to stop codon), and codon 202 (from isoleucyne to stop codon). "

"Dua Catatan Baru Pisang Liar (Musa balbisiana dan Musa itinerans) dari Sulawesi. Studi keanekaragaman pisang- pisang liar di Sulawesi telah dilakukan menggunakan karakter morfologi spesimen herbarium yang dikoleksi dari Sulawesi dan disimpan di Herbarium Bogoriense, Bogor Indonesia (BO). Spesimen baru yang dikoleksi dari Sulawesi Tengah, Sulawesi Utara, Sulawesi Selatan, dan Sulawesi Tenggara dan gambar digital spesimen tipe juga digunakan dalam studi ini. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui keanekaragaman pisang liar di Sulawesi, mengingat sebagian besar spesimen Musaceae yang tersimpan di BO belum teridentifikasi. Berdasarkan pengamatan terhadap 110 lembar spesimen herbarium, dapat diketahui lima jenis dari marga Musa termasuk didalamnya dua taksa intraspesifik dari M. acuminata yang tumbuh di Sulawesi . Musa acuminata, M. celebica, dan M. textilis telah dilaporkan sebelumnya tumbuh secara liar di Sulawesi. Sementara itu, Musa balbisiana dan M. itinerans merupakan dua catatan baru pisang liar di Sulawesi. Pada artikel ini kami menyediakan kunci identifikasi, deskripsi, peta distribusi, dan gambar ilustrasi dari kedua jenis tersebut.

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The diversity of wild banana species in Sulawesi was investigated based on the morphological characteristics of herbarium specimens collected in Sulawesi and deposited in the Herbarium Bogoriense, Bogor, Indonesia (BO). New specimens were collected from Central, North, South, and Southeast Sulawesi, and digital type specimens were also used in this study. The aim of this study was to describe the diversity of wild banana species in Sulawesi as most Musaceae specimens stored at BO have not been identified. By examinating 110 sheets of herbarium specimens, five species of Musa, including two infraspecific taxa of M. acuminata housed in Sulawesi, were identified. Musa acuminata, M. celebica, and M. textilis were previously reported from Sulawesi. However, M. balbisiana and M. itinerans are two new records of wild banana species in Sulawesi. Identification keys, descriptions, distribution maps, and line-drawing illustrations of these two species are provided."

"A microfungal survey was carried out on the living leaves and litters of Licuala bidentata in Kubah National Park in Sarawak, Malaysia. A total of 400 leaf segments (200 segments for each leaf type) were plated on two isolation media (water agar and malt extract agar) for endophytic and saprophytic fungal isolation. Forty-three microfungal species were obtained from both leaf types, 31 species identified from living leaves and 18 species from litters. Only six species were common to both leaf types, with 25 and 12 species exclusively identified from living leaves and litters, respectively. New records of fungi from this host plant and for the genus Licuala include Isthmotricladia laeensis, Chloridium sp., Mucor sp., Oidiodendron sp., Kinochaeta sp., Cryptophiale sp., Chrysosporium merdarium and Circinotrichum fertile. This study constitutes the first report on microfungal community on L. bidentata. Implications of this new report in comparison with the microfungal species on other plant species in the genus Licuala are discussed."

"Efektivitas Produksi Bioetanol dari Hirolisat Jerami Padi Menggunakan Ragi Bubuk dan Ragi Padat. Jerami padi merupakan salah satu limbah pertanian yang sangat melimpah di Indonesia. Jerami padi mengandung polisakarida dalam bentuk selulosa dan hemiselulosa, yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku dalam produksi bioetanol. Penelitian bertujuan melihat efektivitas produksi bioetanol dari sampel hidrolisat jerami padi dengan menggunakan ragi roti (ragi bubuk ? F) dan ragi tapai (ragi padat ? S). Penelitian dilakukan dengan memfermentasikan sampel menggunakan kedua jenis ragi tersebut, dan isolat murni khamir Saccharomyces cerevisiae sebagai kontrol. Kadar glukosa diukur menggunakan glucometer dan kadar bioetanol dianalisis menggunakan high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Penelitian menggunakan split plot design dengan dua faktor perlakuan; pemberian ragi (R) dan waktu fermentasi (T). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kedua jenis ragi pada produksi kadar bioetanol dari sampel memberikan pengaruh yang tidak berbeda nyata. Namun perlakuan S menghasilkan kadar bioetanol yang lebih tinggi (5.1 g/L) dibandingkan dengan perlakuan F (4.8 g/L); laju produksi bioetanol pada perlakuan S juga lebih tinggi (1.3 g/L.j) dibandingkan dengan laju produksi bioetanol pada perlakuan F (1.2 g/L.j). Kesimpulan dari penelitian adalah penggunaan ragi Tapai lebih efektif dalam memproduksi bioetanol dari hidrolisat jerami padi.

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Rice straw is one of the most abundant forms of agricultural wastes in Indonesia. Rice straw contains polysaccharide in the form of cellulose and hemicellulose, which can be used as raw materials in the production of bioethanol. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of bioethanol production from rice straw?s hydrolyzate. Research was carried out by fermenting the sample using two types of starters (Baker's yeast, known as powder starter (F); and Tapai?s starter, known as solid starter (S) with a control of pure yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Glucose levels were measured using a glucometer, and bioethanol levels were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In this study, split plot design was used as a data analyzer with two treatment factors: starter?s inoculum (R) and time of fermentation (T). This study shows that there is no significant difference between the starters? levels of bioethanol production. However, S?s treatment produced higher levels (5,1 g/L) of bioethanol compared to F?s (4,8 g/L); the rate of bioethanol production in S?s treatment is also higher (1,3 g/L.h) than that in F?s (1,2 g/L.h). This study concludes that Tapai?s starter is more effective in producing bioethanol from rice straw?s hydrolyzate."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Penyakit infeksi paru menjadi masalah utama kesehatan di Indonesia, termasuk mikosis paru yang disebabkan oleh infeksi, kolonisasi jamur maupun reaksi hipersensitif terhadap jamur. Bronkoskopi sebagai alat diagnostik untuk melihat gambaran lesi endobronkial dan mengambil bahan klinis seperti bronchoalveolar lavage BAL dan bilasan bronkus. Pemeriksaan biakan jamur dari bahan klinis bronkoskopi dapat membantu penegakan diagnosis mikosis paru.Metode: Studi deskriptif potong lintang pada pasien bronkoskopi yang dilakukan pemeriksaan biakan jamur dari BAL dan bilasan bronkus. Jumlah sampel adalah total sampling sejak Januari 2016 sampai dengan Desember 2017. Penelitian dilakukan di SMF Paru RSUP Persahabatan.Hasil: Bahan klinis dari bronkoskopi pada penelitian ini berupa bilasan bronkus sebanyak 67 buah dan BAL sebanyak 21 buah. Dari bahan klinis didapatkan hasil biakan tumbuh jamur sebanyak 35 buah dan tidak tumbuh jamur sebanyak 53 buah.Jenis jamur yang tumbuh adalahCandida sp. dengan spesies terbanyak Candida albicans sebanyak 30 isolat, Candida parapsilosis sebanyak 3 isolat, serta spesies Candida glabratadanCandida tropicalis masing-masing sebanyak 1 isolat.Kesimpulan: Bahan bronkoskopi BAL dan bilasan bronkus dapat digunakan untuk pemeriksaan biakan jamur.Kata Kunci: biakan jamur, bronkoskopi, bronchoalveolar lavage, bilasan bronkus.

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Background: ABSTRACT Lung infection diseases become health main problem in Indonesia, including lung mycosis caused by infection, fungal colonization or hypersensitivity reaction against the fungal. Bronchoscopy is used as diagnostic tool to see endobronchial lesion and to gain clinical specimens such as bronchoalveolar lavage BAL and bronchial washing. Fungal culture from clinical specimen of bronchoscopy can help diagnosing lung mycosis.Method: Cross sectional descriptive study of bronchoscopy patients with fungal culture assay from BAL and bronchial washing. Total sample is total sampling from January 2016 to December 2017. The study is in Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Persahabatan Hospital, JakartaResult: Clinical specimens from bronchoscopy in this study are 67 samples of bronchial washing and 21 samples of BAL. There are positive fungal growth in 35 samples and no fungal growth in 53 samples.All growing fungal come from Candida sp. with most species come from Candida albicans 30 isolates, followed by Candida parapsilosis 3 isolates, Candida glabrata and Candida tropicalis each one 1 isolate.Conclusion: Bronchoscopy samples of BAL and bronchial washing can be used forfungal culture assay examination."

"Screening of the endophyte microbes in cinchona of C. ledgeriana and C pubescens that could produce alkaloids has been carried out....."

"This book provides a comprehensive account of interaction of host and its pathogens, induced host resistance, development of biological control agents for practical applications, the underlying mechanism and signal transduction. The book is useful to all those working in academia or industry related to crop protection."