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"Sn/Se/Sn stacked layers were thermally deposited onto glass substrates at subsequent thicknesses of 150/300/150 nm, and were then annealed in a carbon block under running argon gas at 200 C for three hours to form stoichiometric SnSe thin films. The dark electrical resistivity measurements were made using van der pauw method on the samples heated up between 297-443 K. The resistivities of SnSe thin films were found to change with the sample temperature. Essentially, the resistivity decreased exponentially from 1.77 cm to 0.32 cm with an increase of temperature. The corresponding activation energies were 0.11 eV for the 297-373 K range and 0.17 eV for the 373-433 K temperature range, respectively "

"Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectrometry was used to characterize thin conducting films of poly[2 methoxy-5(2-ethylhexylox)-1,4] phenyelenevinylene (MEH-PPV)....."

"Akumulasi logam berat pada tanah pertanian terus menjadi isu yang mengkhawatirkan. Salah satu sumber kontaminasi logam berat yang paling umum dapat berasal dari sumber irigasi pertanian yang tercemar, di antaranya logam Pb dan Cr. Kontaminasi logam berat dari sumber irigasi dikhawatirkan dapat terakumulasi di tanah dan tanaman. Kini, pengujian bioavailibiltas logam dalam tanah hingga ke tanaman pangan terus mengalami perkembangan, terlebih lagi pada pengamatan terhadap spesiasi senyawanya menggunakan metode ekstraksi bertahap. Teknik pengukuran sampling logam dilakukan secara in situ dengan metode diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT). Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pengukuran DGT dengan modifikasi pengunaan methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) sebagai crosslinker. Aplikasi DGT dilakukan untuk untuk mengetahui serapan Pb dan Cr pada tanaman Amaranthus hybridus. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diperoleh distribusi terbanyak Pb dan Cr pada tanah ada pada fraksi 3 (terikat dengan Fe-Mn) dan fraksi 4 (terikat dengan material organik) dengan kisaran 18,5-25,07% dan 62,95-73,65%. Senyawa MBA dapat digunakan sebagai crosslinker pada membran DGT dengan nilai koefisien difusi Cr 2,7 ×10−6 cm2/s dan Pb 2,15 ×10−6 cm2/s . Akumulasi Pb dan Cr pada A.hybridus terjadi pada bagian akar, batang, dan daun. Akumulasinya juga meningkat seiring dengan penambahan spike di tanah dengan dominansi di akar 0,77-3,01 mg/kg Cr dan 22,73-69,69 mg/kg Pb. Korelasi pengukuran CDGT dengan spike logam pada tanah serta akumulasinya di A.hybridus menunjukkan bahwa DGT dapat menjadi media prediksi serapan Pb dan Cr pada tanaman ini.

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Accumulation of heavy metals in agricultural soils continues to be a worrying issue. One of the most common sources of heavy metal contamination can come from contaminated agricultural irrigation sources, including Pb and Cr metals. It is feared that heavy metal contamination from irrigation sources can accumulate in soil and plants. Now, testing the bioavailability of metals in the soil to food plants continues to develop, especially in observing the speciation of their compounds using the stepwise extraction method. The metal sampling measurement technique was carried out in situ using the diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) method. In this study, the measurement of DGT was carried out with the modified use of methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as a crosslinker. The DGT application was carried out to determine the uptake of Pb and Cr in Amaranthus hybridus plants. Based on the results of the study, the highest distribution of Pb and Cr in the soil was in fraction 3 (bound to Fe-Mn) and fraction 4 (bound to organic matter) with a range of 18.5-25.07% and 62.95-73.65 %. The MBA compound can be used as a crosslinker on DGT membranes with a diffusion coefficient of Cr 2.7 ×10−6 cm2/s and Pb 2.15 ×10−6 cm2/s . Pb and Cr accumulation in A. hybridus occurred in the roots, stems, and leaves. Its accumulation also increased with the addition of spikes in the soil with dominance in the roots of 0.77-3.01 mg/kg Cr and 22.73-69.69 mg/kg Pb. The correlation of CDGT measurements with metal spikes in the soil and its accumulation in A. hybridus showed that DGT could be a predictor of Pb and Cr uptake in this plant."