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"Hiperkolesterolemia adalah salah satu faktor risiko mayor yang dapat memicu berkembangnya penyakit kardiovaskular, khususnya penyakit jantung koroner. Salah satu obat tradisional yang digunakan untuk hiperkolesterolemia adalah kombinasi herba seledri (Apium graveolens) dan bawang putih (Allium sativum). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran efek ekstrak terhadap profil lipid pada subjek hiperkolesterolemia. Subjek terdiri atas pasien klinik pengobatan tradisional di Jakarta. Masing-masing subjek mendapatkan tablet terapi yang berisi ektrak dan tabel placebo sesuai kelompok. Pada subjek diperiksa profil lipid, yaitu kadar kolesterol total darah, HDL, LDL, dan trigliserida. Dilakukan paired t-test dua ekor untuk menguji perbedaan antara profil lipid dari kelompok terapi dan kelompok placebo. Subjek sejumlah 44 orang. Perubahan profil lipid pada antara kelompok terapi dan kelompok placebo untuk kadar kolesterol total, HDL, LDL, dan trigliserida adalah 14,82±6,946, 1,45±2,945, 6,98±8,105, 2,48±6,504 mg/dL. Campuran ektrak berefek menurunkan kolesterol darah dan kadar LDL secara bermakna (P<0,05).Hypercholesterolemia is one of the major risk factors that can trigger the development of cardiovascular disease, especially coronary heart disease. One of the traditional drugs used for hypercholesterolemia is a combination of herbs celery (Apium graveolens) and garlic (Allium sativum). This study aims to describe the effects of the extract on lipid profile in hypercholesterolemic subjects. Subjects consisted of patients with traditional medicine clinic in Jakarta. Each subject received treatment tablets containing extract and placebo table corresponding groups. On the subject examined lipid profile, ie blood levels of total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and triglycerides. Do paired two-tailed t-test to test the difference between lipid profile of the therapy group and the placebo group. The subject of a number of 44 people. Changes in the lipid profile between the treatment groups and the placebo group for total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and triglycerides was 14,82 ± 6,946;1.45 ± 2,945;6,98 ± 8,105;2,48 ± 6,504 mg/dL. A mixture of extracts affect blood cholesterol and LDL levels were significantly (P <0.05)."

"ABSTRAKHiperkolesterolemia adalah salah satu faktor risiko mayor yang dapat memicu berkembangnya penyakit kardiovaskular, khususnya penyakit jantung koroner. Salah satu obat tradisional yang digunakan untuk hiperkolesterolemia adalah kombinasi herba seledri (Apium graveolens) dan bawang putih (Allium sativum).Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran efek ekstrak terhadap profil lipid pada subjek hiperkolesterolemia. Subjek terdiri atas pasien klinik pengobatan tradisional di Jakarta. Masing-masing subjek mendapatkan tablet terapi yang berisi ektrak dan tabel placebo sesuai kelompok. Pada subjek diperiksa profil lipid, yaitu kadar kolesterol total darah, HDL, LDL, dan trigliserida. Dilakukan paired t-test dua ekor untuk menguji perbedaan antara profil lipid dari kelompok terapi dan kelompok placebo. Subjek sejumlah 44 orang. Perubahan profil lipid pada antara kelompok terapi dan kelompok placebo untuk kadar kolesterol total, HDL, LDL, dan trigliserida adalah 14,82±6,946, 1,45±2,945, 6,98±8,105, 2,48±6,504 mg/dL. Campuran ektrak berefek menurunkan kolesterol darah dan kadar LDL secara bermakna (P<0,05).

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ABSTRACT

Hypercholesterolemia is one of the major risk factors that can trigger the development of cardiovascular disease, especially coronary heart disease. One of the traditional drugs used for hypercholesterolemia is a combination of herbs celery (Apium graveolens) and garlic (Allium sativum).

This study aims to describe the effects of the extract on lipid profile in hypercholesterolemic subjects. Subjects consisted of patients with traditional medicine clinic in Jakarta. Each subject received treatment tablets containing extract and placebo table corresponding groups. On the subject examined lipid profile, ie blood levels of total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and triglycerides. Do paired two-tailed t-test to test the difference between lipid profile of the therapy group and the placebo group. The subject of a number of 44 people. Changes in the lipid profile between the treatment groups and the placebo group for total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and triglycerides was 14,82 ± 6,946;1.45 ± 2,945;6,98 ± 8,105;2,48 ± 6,504 mg/dL. A mixture of extracts affect blood cholesterol and LDL levels were significantly (P <0.05)."

"ABSTRAKHiperkolesterolemia adalah peningkatan kadar kolesterol dalam darah diatas nilainormal. Angka kejadian hiperkolesterolemia akan terus bertambah seiring denganmeningkatnya pola hidup tidak sehat seperti kebiasaan merokok, obesitas, kurangberolahraga, dan asupan makanan tinggi lemak. Tanaman mengkudu (Morindacitrifolia L.) adalah salah satu tanaman yang buahnya dapat menurunkan kadarkolesterol total dan kolesterol LDL melalui penghambatan aktivitas HMG Co-Areductase yang sudah diteliti pada tikus.Penelitian bertujuan untuk membuktikan efek menurunkan kadar kolesterol total dankolesterol LDL pada pasien hiperkolesterolemia. Metode penelitian menggunakandesain double blind randomized controlled trial pada 60 pasien. Pasien dibagi duakelompok sama banyak menjadi kelompok perlakuan (kapsul ekstrak buah M. citrifolia)dan kelompok kontrol (plasebo) serta mendapat 3x2 kapsul sehari selama 21 hari. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan kapsul ekstrak buah M. citrifolia pada kelompok perlakuansecara bermakna menurunkan kadar kolesterol total dan kolesterol LDL (p<0,05) dalamwaktu dua minggu dibandingkan kelompok kontrol. Faktor umur, indeks massa tubuh,olahraga, pola makan, dan kebiasaan merokok pada pasien kelompok perlakuan secarabermakna (p<0,05) bermanfaat dalam penurunan kadar kolesterol total. Kapsul ekstrakbuah M. citrifolia memiliki efek menurunkan kadar kolesterol total dan kolesterol LDLpada pasien hiperkolesterolemia.

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ABSTRACTHypercholestrolemia is characterized by elevated blood cholesterol level above normalvalues. The incidence of hypercholesterolemia will continue to grow unanymous as theunhealthy lifestyle such as smoking, obesity, lack of exercise, and high fat diet increased.Morinda citrifolia L. is one of many kind of plant which its fruit could decrease totalcholesterol and LDL-cholesterol by detaining cholesterol biosynthesis through theactivity of HMG Co-A reductase which has been studied in mouse.This study has a purpose to prove the reducing effect in total cholesterol andLDL-cholesterol in hypercholesterolemia patients. This study design used double blindrandomized controlled trial of 60 patients. Patients were divided into same number,including the intervention group (M. Citrifolia fruit extract capsule) and the controlgroup (placebo) that received 2 capsules 3 times daily for 21 days. The result showed theM. citrifolia fruit extract capsule in the intervention group significantly could decreasetotal cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol (p<0,05) in two weeks compared to the controlgroup. The age, body mass index, exercise, diet, and smoking habits of patients inintervention group has significant effect in decreasing total cholesterol. M. citrifolia fruitextract capsules has the reducing effect in total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol inhypercholesterolemia patients."

"[Senyawa bahan alam yang mengandung banyak senyawa pereduksi dan gugus-gugus organik kurang termanfaatkan dengan baik untuk sintesis nanopartikel. Ekstrak bawang putih (EBP) (allium sativum L) dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai reaktan dalam pembuatan nanopartikel Au (AuNP). EBP dapat mereduksi dan menstabilkan AuNP. AuNP di karakterisasi menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis dan TEM sedangkan EBP dikarakterisasi menggunakan FTIR, dan LCMS. AuNP optimum yang di karakterisasi menggunakan TEM memiliki ukuran 15 nm dan memiliki kestabilan hingga 33 hari. Berdasarkan hasil FTIR dan LCMS, senyawa aktif yang diduga berperan sebagai agen pereduksi adalah asam askorbat (vitamin C), gula bebas seperti, surosa, glukosa, dan fruktosa, allin, alicin, dan s-alilsitein dan senyawa aktif yang diduga berperan sebagai agen penstabil adalah -glutamilsistein, -glutamil-s-alilsistein, -glutamil phenil alanin, s-alil mercaptosistein, metil alil tiosulfonat, dan prophenil alil tiosulfonat. AuNP yang terbentuk dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai pendeteksi terhadap formalin dan melamin pada kondisi pH 3,6.

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Compounds of natural product that many contain reducing compounds and organic groups are less well utilized for the synthesis of nanoparticles. Garlic exstract (EBP) (allium sativum L) can be used as a reactant in the manufacture of nanoparticles Au (AuNP). EBP can reduce dan stabilize AuNP. AuNP characterized using spectrophotometer UV-Vis and TEM while EBP characterized using FTIR and LCMS. AuNP optimum that characterized by TEM has size 15 nm and has stability up to 33 days. Based on the results of FTIR and LCMS, the active compounds are expected have role as reducing agent is ascorbic acid (vitamin C), free sugar such as, sukrose, glucose, and fructose, allin, Alicin, and s-alilsitein and the active compounds are thought to act as a stabilizing agent is γ-glutamilsistein, γ-glutamyl-s-alilsistein, γ-glutamyl phenil alanine, s-allyl mercaptosistein, allyl methyl tiosulfonat, and allyl prophenil tiosulfonat. Aunp formed can be used as a detector of the formaldehyde and melamine at pH 3.6.;Compounds of natural product that many contain reducing compounds and organic groups are less well utilized for the synthesis of nanoparticles. Garlic exstract (EBP) (allium sativum L) can be used as a reactant in the manufacture of nanoparticles Au (AuNP). EBP can reduce dan stabilize AuNP. AuNP characterized using spectrophotometer UV-Vis and TEM while EBP characterized using FTIR and LCMS. AuNP optimum that characterized by TEM has size 15 nm and has stability up to 33 days. Based on the results of FTIR and LCMS, the active compounds are expected have role as reducing agent is ascorbic acid (vitamin C), free sugar such as, sukrose, glucose, and fructose, allin, Alicin, and s-alilsitein and the active compounds are thought to act as a stabilizing agent is γ-glutamilsistein, γ-glutamyl-s-alilsistein, γ-glutamyl phenil alanine, s-allyl mercaptosistein, allyl methyl tiosulfonat, and allyl prophenil tiosulfonat. Aunp formed can be used as a detector of the formaldehyde and melamine at pH 3.6.;Compounds of natural product that many contain reducing compounds and organic groups are less well utilized for the synthesis of nanoparticles. Garlic exstract (EBP) (allium sativum L) can be used as a reactant in the manufacture of nanoparticles Au (AuNP). EBP can reduce dan stabilize AuNP. AuNP characterized using spectrophotometer UV-Vis and TEM while EBP characterized using FTIR and LCMS. AuNP optimum that characterized by TEM has size 15 nm and has stability up to 33 days. Based on the results of FTIR and LCMS, the active compounds are expected have role as reducing agent is ascorbic acid (vitamin C), free sugar such as, sukrose, glucose, and fructose, allin, Alicin, and s-alilsitein and the active compounds are thought to act as a stabilizing agent is γ-glutamilsistein, γ-glutamyl-s-alilsistein, γ-glutamyl phenil alanine, s-allyl mercaptosistein, allyl methyl tiosulfonat, and allyl prophenil tiosulfonat. Aunp formed can be used as a detector of the formaldehyde and melamine at pH 3.6.;Compounds of natural product that many contain reducing compounds and organic groups are less well utilized for the synthesis of nanoparticles. Garlic exstract (EBP) (allium sativum L) can be used as a reactant in the manufacture of nanoparticles Au (AuNP). EBP can reduce dan stabilize AuNP. AuNP characterized using spectrophotometer UV-Vis and TEM while EBP characterized using FTIR and LCMS. AuNP optimum that characterized by TEM has size 15 nm and has stability up to 33 days. Based on the results of FTIR and LCMS, the active compounds are expected have role as reducing agent is ascorbic acid (vitamin C), free sugar such as, sukrose, glucose, and fructose, allin, Alicin, and s-alilsitein and the active compounds are thought to act as a stabilizing agent is γ-glutamilsistein, γ-glutamyl-s-alilsistein, γ-glutamyl phenil alanine, s-allyl mercaptosistein, allyl methyl tiosulfonat, and allyl prophenil tiosulfonat. Aunp formed can be used as a detector of the formaldehyde and melamine at pH 3.6.;Compounds of natural product that many contain reducing compounds and organic groups are less well utilized for the synthesis of nanoparticles. Garlic exstract (EBP) (allium sativum L) can be used as a reactant in the manufacture of nanoparticles Au (AuNP). EBP can reduce dan stabilize AuNP. AuNP characterized using spectrophotometer UV-Vis and TEM while EBP characterized using FTIR and LCMS. AuNP optimum that characterized by TEM has size 15 nm and has stability up to 33 days. Based on the results of FTIR and LCMS, the active compounds are expected have role as reducing agent is ascorbic acid (vitamin C), free sugar such as, sukrose, glucose, and fructose, allin, Alicin, and s-alilsitein and the active compounds are thought to act as a stabilizing agent is γ-glutamilsistein, γ-glutamyl-s-alilsistein, γ-glutamyl phenil alanine, s-allyl mercaptosistein, allyl methyl tiosulfonat, and allyl prophenil tiosulfonat. Aunp formed can be used as a detector of the formaldehyde and melamine at pH 3.6., Compounds of natural product that many contain reducing compounds and organic groups are less well utilized for the synthesis of nanoparticles. Garlic exstract (EBP) (allium sativum L) can be used as a reactant in the manufacture of nanoparticles Au (AuNP). EBP can reduce dan stabilize AuNP. AuNP characterized using spectrophotometer UV-Vis and TEM while EBP characterized using FTIR and LCMS. AuNP optimum that characterized by TEM has size 15 nm and has stability up to 33 days. Based on the results of FTIR and LCMS, the active compounds are expected have role as reducing agent is ascorbic acid (vitamin C), free sugar such as, sukrose, glucose, and fructose, allin, Alicin, and s-alilsitein and the active compounds are thought to act as a stabilizing agent is γ-glutamilsistein, γ-glutamyl-s-alilsistein, γ-glutamyl phenil alanine, s-allyl mercaptosistein, allyl methyl tiosulfonat, and allyl prophenil tiosulfonat. Aunp formed can be used as a detector of the formaldehyde and melamine at pH 3.6.]"

"Bawang putih dianggap sebagai salah satu tumbuhan terpenting, dilihat dari berbagai macam kegunaannya, baik sebagai bahan mentah untuk tujuan kuliner atau sebagai ramuan obat. Diallil disulfida (DADS) dan diallil trisulfida (DATS) merupakan senyawa organosulfur yang terdapat dalam bawang putih, yang sangat berkontribusi atas sifat bioaktif dan aroma khas pada bawang putih. DADS dan DATS juga terkenal dengan sifat antioksidannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh kondisi analisis optimum campuran DADS dan DATS agar diperoleh metode yang valid untuk digunakan pada penetapan kadar DADS dan DATS pada bawang putih tunggal dan bawang putih siung. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan kromatografi gas dengan detektor ionisasi nyala, kolom HP-1. Suhu awal kolom 140℃ dengan kenaikkan 1℃/menit hingga 180℃. Suhu injektor dan detektor diatur 200℃, laju alir gas pembawa 0,80 mL/menit, volume penyuntikkan 1,0 μL. Kondisi analisis yang telah dioptimasi kemudian divalidasi mencakup selektivitas, linearitas, akurasi, presisi, batas deteksi, batas kuantitasi. Hasil validasi didapatkan nilai koefisien korelasi (r) untuk DADS sebesar 0,9999 pada konsentrasi 0,5-20 μg/mL dengan persamaan garis y = 13068,97x - 3373,62. Pada DATS didapatkan nilai koefisien korelasi (r) sebesar 0,9999 pada rentang konsentrasi yang sama, dengan persamaan garis y = 3194,39x - 307,22. Nilai LOD dan LOQ untuk DADS sebesar 0,3063 μg/mL dan 1,0210 μg/mL, sedangkan untuk DATS sebesar 0,1986 μg/mL dan 0,6621 μg/mL. Didapatkan nilai akurasi dengan rentang %UPK antara 98,05-101,76% dan presisi dengan %KV≤2%. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode analisis yang digunakan dinyatakan valid karena memenuhi seluruh kriteria. Hasil menunjukkan pada sampel bawang putih tunggal diperoleh kadar rata-rata DADS sebesar 0,0296% dan DATS sebesar 0,0093%. Sedangkan, pada sampel bawang putih siung diperoleh kadar rata-rata DADS sebesar 0,0248% dan DATS sebesar 0,0087%.

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Garlic is treated as one of the most important plants that can be seen from its various uses, whether as food ingredients or as a part of medicational purposes. Diallyl disulfide (DADS) and diallil trisulfide (DATS) are organosulfur compound that can be found in the garlic, which highly affect the characteristic of the aroma of the garlic itself and the bioactive properties. DADS and DATS are also well known for its antioxidants properties. The purpose of this research is to observe the optimum analysis condition of DADS and DATS in order to obtain a valid method to be used in determining DADS and DATS levels in garlic and single clove garlic. The analysis was performed using gas chromatography with flame ionization detector, column HP-1. Initial temperature of column was set from 140℃ with an increase of 1℃/min to 180℃. The injector and detector temperature was set to 200℃, carrier gas flow rate was 0,80 mL/min, and the injection volume was 1.0 μL. The optimized conditions of analysis are then validated which include selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection, and limit of quantification. Validation shows that the coefficient of correlation (r) for DADS is 0,9999 in the range of concentration 0,5-20 μg/mL with linear regression y = 13068,97x -3373,62. Moreover, the coefficient of correlation for DATS is 0,9999 in the range of the same concentration, with linear regression y = 3194,39x - 307,22. The values of LOD and LOQ for DADS are 0,3063 μg/mL and 1,0210 μg/mL, respectively. Meanwhile, the LOD and LOQ for DATS are 0,1986 μg/mL and 0,6621 μg/mL, respectively. The percentage of recovery is in the range of 98,05-101,76% and CV≤2%. This research indicates the use of analytical method is valid because it meets the criteria. Last but not least, the results shows on single clove garlic sample, the average level of DADS and DATS are 0,0296% and 0,0093%, respectively. Meanwhile, on garlic sample, the average level of DADS and DATS are 0,0248% and 0,0087%, respectively."

"Latar belakang: Tubuh manusia membutuhkan oksigen untuk proses respirasi. Namun, hasil sisa dari proses tersebut dapat berubah menjadi radikal bebas yang dapat menggangu homeostasis dan merusak sel- sel tubuh. Radikal bebas juga didapat tubuh dari lingkungan eksternal seperti polusi udara, sinar  ultraviolet, asap rokok, dan lain-lain. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan antioksidan untuk membantu meminimalisir kadar radikal bebas di dalam tubuh. Seledri merupakan salah satu tumbuhan yang dikenal kaya akan kandungan fitokimianya seperti flavonoid, glikosida, polifenol, alkaloid, dan terpenoid serta memiliki khasiat antioksidan. Pada penelitian ini, daun seledri (Apium graveolens) dari daerah Puncak, Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat akan dianalisis kandungan senyawa fitokimia dan aktivitas antioksidannya.Metode: Desain penelitian ini adalah deskriptif analitik. Seledri didapatkan dari petani lokal di daerah Puncak, Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat. Sampel ekstrak daun seledri (Apium graveolens) dibuat dengan metode maserasi bertingkat menggunakan pelarut etil asetat, etanol, dan metanol. Ketiga jenis ekstrak dilakukan uji skrining fitokimia (kualitatif), fraksinasi fitokimia dengan kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT), uji kadar total, serta uji aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan reagen 2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH).Hasil: Ekstrak etil asetat pada uji komponen fitokimia flavonoid dan triterpenoid menunjukkan hasil positif. Ekstrak etanol dan metanol memiliki hasil positif pada uji fitokimia flavonoid, tanin, glikosida, dan triterpenoid. Hasil kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT) menunjukkan ketiga eksrak memiliki komponen flavonoid dan fenol. Ekstrak etanol memiliki aktivitas antioksidan kuat dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 56,02 mg/L. Ekstrak etil asetat dan metanol memiliki aktivitas antioksidan sedang dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 107,75 mg/L dan 231,32 mg/L berturut-turut.Kesimpulan: Ekstrak daun seledri (Apium graveolens) memiliki kandungan senyawa fitokimia seperti glikosida, tannin, polifenol, flavonoid, dan triterpenoid serta memiliki aktivitas antioksidan kuat hingga sedang.

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Background: The human body needs oxygen for the respiration process. However, the by-products of this process can result into free radicals that can disrupt homeostasis and damage body cells. Free radicals in the body are also obtained from external environment such as air pollution, ultraviolet light, cigarette smoke, etc. Thus, antioxidants play an important part to help minimize the level of free radicals in the body. Celery is a type of plant that is well-known for its abundant phytochemical content such as flavonoids, glycosides, polyphenols, alkaloids, and terpenoids and has antioxidant properties. In this study, celery leaves (Apium graveolens) from Puncak, Kabupaten Bogor, West Java will be analyzed for their phytochemical compounds and antioxidant activity.

Methods: This study is a descriptive analytic study. Celery were obtained from local farmers in Puncak, Kabupaten Bogor, West Java. Celery leaves extract samples (Apium graveolens) were prepared by graded maceration method using three kinds of solvents: ethyl acetate, ethanol, and methanol. The three extracts were tested for phytochemical screening (qualitative), phytochemical fractionation using thin layer chromatography (TLC), total concentration test, and antioxidant activity test using 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) reagent.

Results: flavonoids and triterpenoids showed positive result. Ethanol and methanol extracts were tested positive on the phytochemical screening for flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, and triterpenoids. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) test result showed that the three extracts had flavonoid and phenol components. In antioxidant activity test, ethanol extract had strong antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 56.02 mg/L. Ethyl acetate and methanol extracts had moderate antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 107.75 mg/L and 231.32 mg/L respectively. 

Conclusion: Celery leaf extract (Apium graveolens) contains phytochemical compounds such as glycosides, tannins, polyphenols, flavonoids, and triterpenoids which has strong to moderate antioxidant activity."

"Asam gelugur atau Garcinia atroviridis mengandung bahan aktif flavonoid dan asam hidroksisitrat yang dilaporkan memiliki aktivitas hipolipidemik Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui efek ekstrak kulit dan buah G atroviridis terhadap kadar kolesterol total darah pada tikus galur Wistar yang diberi asupan tinggi lemak Dua puluh lima ekor tikus galur Wistar betina dibagi menjadi lima kelompok perlakukan secara acak Dua kelompok pertama adalah kelompok kontrol dan kelompok percobaan induksi peningkatan kadar kolesterol total dengan pemberian asupan lemak berlebih selama 21 hari Tiga kelompok lainnya adalah kelompok uji dosis yaitu tikus diberikan tambahan asupan tinggi lemak selama 21 hari pertama Kemudian 21 hari berikutnya tikus diberikan asupan ekstrak G atroviridis sambil mempertahankan asupan tinggi lemak Setelah perlakuan selesai sampel darah tikus diambil untuk pemeriksaan kadar kolesterol totalnya Kemudian dilakukan uji statistik terhadap hasil yang didapat Kadar kolesterol total kelompok uji dosis 20 mg lebih rendah secara signifikan dibandingkan kelompok uji dosis 10 mg dan 30 mg Sedangkan kelompok uji dosis 10 mg tidak berbeda bermakna terhadap kelompok uji dosis 30 mg Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa asupan G atroviridis dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol total darah Peningkatan dosis ekstrak tidak selalu meningkatkan efektivitas penurunan kadar kolesterol total.

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Asam gelugur or Garcinia atroviridis contains active ingredients such as flavonoids and hydroxycitric acid which have been reported to have a hypolipidemic activity This experiment was conducted to examine the effect of G atroviridis fruit and skin extract on total cholesterol level of rats fed a high fat diet Twenty five female Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups The first two groups are the control group and hyperlipidemia induction group fed with high fat diet for 21 days The rest three groups are dose trials in which rats were fed with high fat diet for the first 21 days And for the next 21 days rats were given G atroviridis extract in three different doses which were 10 mg 20 mg and 30 mg while maintaining high fat diet After all the interventions were done blood samples were obtained for laboratory analysis The results are processed using Post Hoc test Total cholesterol of G atroviridis extract 20 mg dose trial group showed significantly lower results compared with 10 mg dan 30 mg dose group However results from 10 mg dose group are not significantly different compared with 30 mg dose group This study has shown that dietary intake of G atroviridis may decrease total cholesterol level Increased dose of G atroviridis extract does not guarantee an increase in effectiveness of decreasing total cholesterol level."

"ABSTRAKModifikasi boron-doped diamond (BDD) dengan emas nanopartikel (AuNPs) telah dikembangkan untuk sensor elektrokimia (yaitu deteksi arsenik). Nanopartikel emas (AuNPs) disintesis dengan ekstrak bawang putih bertindak baik sebagai reduktor dan zat penstabil. Dengan kondisi optimum 1.602 mmol Au dari HAuCl₄ dalam perbandingan dengan 1 gr ekstrak bawang putih pada pH=5 di bawah radiasi UV. Karakterisasi dari AuNPs menggunakan peralatan UV-Vis Spectrofotometer yang dikonfirmasi pada panjang gelombang 520 nm, dan Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)  didapati ukuran partikel sebesar 3.420 +/- 1.740 nm.  AuNPs yang telah disintesis dimodifikasi pada permukaan BDD dengan teknik perendaman di bawah iradiasi UV pada panjang gelombang 254 nm. SEM EDX menunjukkan bahwa BDD dimodifikasi AuNPs dengan rasio Au: C = 36.59 : 62.53 (wt%)  dapat berhasil disiapkan.  Aplikasi BDD yang sudah dimodifikasi dengan nanopartikel emas juga sukses digunakan untuk mengukur kadar arsen secara random pada danau UI, dengan hasil negatip, tidak ada kandungan Arsen (As³⁺)  pada danau UI.  

 

Kata kunci   : Nanopartikel,  Emas, Green Synthesis, Ekstrak, Bawang putih, Boron Doped Diamond, Sensor, Arsen.

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Modifications of boron-doped diamond (BDD) with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been developed for electrochemical sensors (i.e. arsenic detection). Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) synthesized with garlic extract act as both reducing agents and stabilizers. Under optimum conditions 1,602 mmol Au from HAuCl4 in comparison with 1 gr of garlic extract at pH = 5 under UV radiation. The characterization of AuNPs using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer was confirmed at a wavelength of 520 nm, and the Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) found particle size of 3,420 +/- 1,740 nm. The synthesized AuNPs were modified on the BDD surface by immersion techniques under UV irradiation at 254 nm wavelength. SEM EDX showed that AuNPs were modified by BDD with Au: C = 36.59: 62.53 (wt%) ratio can be successfully prepared. The BDD application that has been modified with gold nanoparticles was also successfully used to measure arsenic levels randomly on UI lakes, with negative results, no Arsenic content (As³⁺) on UI lakes.

Keywords  :  Nanoparticles, Gold, Green Synthesis, Extracts, Garlic, Boron Doped Diamond, Sensors, Arsenic

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"Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai efek antikandida in vitro dengan menggunakan ekstrak segar bawang putih baik jenis jantan umbi tunggal maupun jenis betina (umbi bergerombol). Bawang putih diperoleh secara acak dari beberapa pasar dan pasar swalayan. Pembuktian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metoda tabung pengenceran dan metode difusi "disc agar" untuk menetapkan kadar hambat minimal (Minimal Inhibitory Concentration = MIC) dan kadar bunuh minimal (Minimal Lethal Concentration = MLC ). Dengan metoda tabung pengenceran, MIC dan MLC bawang jantan pada inkubasi 370 C selama 24 jam berturut-turut adalah 0,98 mg/mL dan 3,91 mg/mL, sedangkan bawang putih betina : 0,245 mg/mL dan 31,25 mg/mL. Dengan metoda difusi "disc agar" hanya ditentukan MIC dengan adanya zona hambatan di sekitar kertas cakram (diameter 8 mm). Zona hambatan kedua jenis bawang mulai tampak jelas pada kadar 31,25 mg/mL sebesar 13,7 mm (bawang jantan) dan 12,6 mm (bawang betina). Secara statistik hasil tersebut tidak dapat dibandingkan dengan flukonazol sebagai kontrol.

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Anticandidal effect study of freshly garlic extract both male type and female type of garlic has been carried out in vitro. The garlic was taken randomly from market and supermarket. By using the tube dilution method and the diffusion disc-agar method to asses Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Lethal Concentration ( MLC ). With tube dilution method, MIC and MLC of the male type of garlic extract is 0.98 mg/mL and 3.91 mg/mL respectively, while the female type of garlic extract is 0.245 mg/mL and 31.25 mg/mL respectively ( on 24 hour incubation at 370 C ). By using diffusion disc-agar method, the extract of garlic both male and female type of garlic as well has just shown inhibition zone around the paper disc ( 8 mm in diameter ) at 31.25 mg/mL concentration. The inhibition zone diameters are 13.7 mm for male type and 12.6 mm for female type of garlic. Statistically it is not possible to compare this result with fluconazole as a control drug."

"Latar Belakang : Hiperkolesterolemia merupakan salah satu faktor risiko mayor penyakit jantung koroner. Modifikasi diet saat ini telah terbukti bermanfaat sebagai terapi inisial dalam penatalaksanaan hiperkolesterolemia. Penelitian double blind contolled studi ini bertujuan untuk menilai efektifitas "soluble fiber" (serat larut) sebagai terapi tambahan diet rendah kalori pada populasi Indonesia dengan hiperkolesterolemia. Pasien pria/wanita dengan kadar kolesterol 200-300mg% dilibatkan dalam penelitian ini. Setelah 1 minggu periode adaptasi, pasien dirandomisasi untuk dimasukkan ke dalam kelompok terapi (soluble fiber 8.4 g/hari) atau kelompok kontrol. Penelitian dilakukan selama 8 minggu dengan tetap melanjutkan terapi diet.Hasil : Kadar kolesterol total turun 5.59% pada kelompok terapi sedangkan penurunan pada kelompok kontrol hanya 0.6% (p < 0.05). Kolesterol LDL pada kelompok terapi turun sebesar 4.22% pada kelompok terapi. Sementara pada kelompok kontrol justru meningkat sebesar 2.58% (p< 0.05). Terdapat pula penurunan kadar kolesterol HDL dalam 8 minggu (16% vs 8%) (p = 0.005). Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna pada indikator-indikator lain di antara kedua kelompok.Kesimpulan : Pemberian soluble fiber 8.4 g/hari dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol total, kolesterol LDL dan kolesterol HDL pada pria dan wanita dengan hiperkolesterolemia primer. Tidak terdapat perubahan kadar glukosa maupun elektrolit akibat konsumsi soluble fiber.

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Background: Hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor for coronary heart disease. It has been proven that nutrition management is the initial therapeutic approach in hypercholesterolemic cases. This double blind controlled study evaluated the effectiveness of "soluble fiber" as an adjunct to low energy Indonesian diet in the treatment of persons with hypercholesterolemia. Male and female with hypercholesterolemia were recruited. After run in period for one week (dietary adaptation phase), eligible subjects with serum cholesterol concentrations between 200 mg% and 300 mg% were randomly assigned to receive either 8.4 g/day ?soluble fiber? or a cellulose placebo for 8 wk while continuing diet therapy.

Results: Serum total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations were decreased 5.59 % and 4.22 %. Serum total in the placebo group were decreased 0.60 %, and LDL-cholesterol were increased 2.58 % after eight wk (P < 0.05). Other outcome measures did not differ significantly between groups.

Conclusions: Treatment with 8.4 g "soluble fiber" per day produces significant net reductions in serum total (5,59%) and LDL-cholesterol concentrations (4,22%), but also reduced HDL Cholesterol level significantly in male and female with primary hypercholesterolemia."