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"The field of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has now taken centre stage in modern clinical practice. With ever changing technologies in the field of MIS, such as robotics, there is now the need to train the surgeon to the next degree. Training by simulation, whether virtual, hybrid, or real, allows the surgeon to rehearse, learn, improve or maintain their skills in a safe and stress free environment. Simulation training in laparoscopy and robotic surgery gives a true insight into the latest educational and learning techniques for new technologies in surgery. Written by an international team of experts, this illustrated text provides advice on specialised team training, non technical skills and simulation."

"Robotic urologic surgery, second edition is an updated and revised technical manual focusing on the various robotic approaches to robotic urologic surgical procedures. This book provides instructions on how to develop a successful robotics program, learn the various techniques, and improve outcomes. It also aids the reader with helpful hints to avoid pitfalls.Robotic urologic surgery, second edition includes up-to-date contributions from leading robotic urologic surgeons from around the world. The detailed body of data which this book provides is supported by schematic diagrams and anatomic photographs to illustrate the concept being discussed.Robotic urologic surgery, second edition is an essential guide for all urologists as a reference to establish a robotics program, refine their surgical technique, and provide information to patients."

"This is the first time a book about laparoscopy in emergency abdominal surgery has been published. Numerous articles have been published in specific surgical journals, but, until now, there has not been a book that collates all the aspects of this little-known field. The aim of this volume is to achieve a complete and easy presentation of all the implications associated with laparoscopy in emergency abdominal surgery. The book should be a manual that can be easily consulted by digestive, general, and specialized surgeons, especially in an emergency. The authors’ contributions are founded on evidence-based medicine, which give the book scientific credibility, but this is coupled with their experience of daily practice, which adds an important complementary dimension to evidence-based medicine. This is balanced by an emphasis on clarity and accessibility, because the ultimate aim of the book is educational. "

"The training courses of urological laparoscopy is written by an international team of experts who have come together to share their experiences of training and skills acquisition in Urological Laparoscopy. Skills training and certification are needed to protect both patient and doctor from the pitfalls of uncertified practice. This comprehensive text focuses on the details of laparoscopic training within the field of urology from step-by-step guidance on the use of basic stems in the dry lab through to hints and tricks for problem solving in more complex scenarios."

"Robotic Surgery adalah bentuk dari pengembangan teknologi kesehatan yang menggunakan sistem robot dan dikendalikan oleh manusia untuk membantu prosedur pembedahan, salah satu sistem robot bedah yang banyak digunakan di dunia terutama di Amerika adalah robot bedah daVinci, dimana salah satu rumah sakit swasta di Jakarta sudah melakukan pelayanan kesehatan dengan menggunakan robot bedah model tersebut sejak tahun 2012. Tetapi Indonesia belum memiliki standar kurikulum pelatihan dan sertifikasi pelatihan pengoprasian robotic surgery untuk dokter bedah serta tidak adanya pengaturan mengenai teknologi robotic surgery sebagai teknologi baru dalam peraturan hukum kesehatan Indonesia. Penelitian dilakukan dengan melakukan perbandingan dengan pengaturan robotic surgery di Amerika yang sudah mengimplementasikan sistem robot bedah sejak tahun 2000. Tidak seperti di Indonesia, sekarang Amerika sudah memiliki standar kurikulum pelatihan dan sertifikasi pelatihan pengoprasian robotic surgery namun pengaturan mengenai robotic surgery di Amerika masih dinilai kurang yang menyebabkan kecilnya tanggungjawab manufaktur robot bedah tersebut. Disarankan kepada Pemerintah Indonesia, Kementrian Kesehatan dan Kolegium Kedokteran Indonesia untuk dapat belajar dari pengalaman dan hukum di Amerika dalam pembuatan pengaturan robotic surgery di Indonesia.

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Robotic Surgery is a form of health techonology development that uses robotic system and is controlled by humans to help with surgical procedures, one of the most widely used robotic surgical system in the world especially in United State of America is the daVinci surgical system, where one of the private owned hospital in Jakarta been using it since 2012. But Indonesia doesn't have a standard training curriculum and robotic surgery training certification for surgeon and there's no regulation about robotic surgery as a new health technology in Indonesian health law regulation.

The study was conducted by comparing with robotic surgery regulation in United State of America that already implemented it since 2000. Unlike in Indonesia, the American now already has a standard training curriculum and certification, but the regulation of robotic surgery is still lacking that narrows down the manufacturer's liability. Some advices to the Goverment of Indonesia, Indonesian Ministry of Health, and Medical College of Indonesia to able to learn from the Americas experience and regulation in the making of robotic surgery regulation in Indonesia."

"Compensating for quasi-periodic motion in robotic radiosurgery outlines the techniques needed to accurately track and compensate for respiratory and pulsatory motion during robotic radiosurgery. The algorithms presented within the book aid in the treatment of tumors that move during respiration. In Chapters 1 and 2, the book introduces the concept of stereotactic body radiation therapy, motion compensation strategies and the clinical state-of-the-art. In Chapters 3 through 5, the author describes and evaluates new methods for motion prediction, for correlating external motion to internal organ motion, and for the evaluation of these algorithms’ output based on an unprecedented amount of real clinical data. Finally, Chapter 6 provides a brief introduction into currently investigated, open questions and further fields of research. "

"[ABSTRAKLatar Belakang Fiksasi Mandibulomaksila merupakan tindakan prosedur bedah yang harus dikuasai oleh residen bedah plastik untuk menjadi seorang ahli bedah plastik berhubungan dengan semakin bertambah banyaknya kasus kasus dibidang kraniofasial Dengan melakukan pelatihan pada model mandibulomaksila residen tersebut diharapkan akan memiliki kemampuan dan kompeten untuk melakukan prosedur tersebut sebelum berhadapan langsung dengan pasien yang sebenarnya Pelatihan ini berupa program pelatihan menggunakan model mandibulomaksila untuk mengevaluasi efeknya dalam meningkatkan keterampilan dan kemampuan residen bedah plastik dalam menghadapi kasus kasus di bidang kraniofasial Metoda Dua puluh dua orang residen bedah plastik diikutsertakan dalam pelatihan ini mereka dibagi menjadi dua grup grup pertama terdiri atas residen bedah plastik yang belum pernah mengerjakan prosedur fiksasi mandibulomaksila sebelumnya dan grup kedua terdiri atas residen bedah plastik yang sudah pernah mengerjakan prosedur ini sebelumnya Mereka menjalani satu set program pelatihan yang terdiri dari satu sesi pembekalan materi dan satu sesi pelatihan pada model Kemudian mereka dievaluasi dalam hal kemampuan keterampilan fiksasi mandibulomaksila Sesi pelatihan pada model direkam menggunakan video dan dinilai oleh dua orang ahli bedah plastik konsultan kraniofasial sebagai evaluator Hasil ABPAS dan IMFscrew placement Global Rating Scale menunjukkan peningkatan skor performa pada studi populasi yang lebih berpengalaman group 2 pada seluruh aspek termasuk the task specific work list 16 5 2 44 vs 18 1 57 P 0 19 global rating scale 17 5 2 63 vs 19 4 2 31 P 0 43 total ABPAS score 33 9 4 76 vs 37 4 3 82 P 0 34 dan juga untuk IMFscrew placement global rating scale 14 9 1 53 vs 15 9 0 95 P 0 38 walaupun hasil pengumumannya tidak menunjukkan hasil yang bermakna secara statistik Waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk menyelesaikan arch bar 48 min 17 s vs 41 min 8 s P 0 23 Waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk menyelesaikan IMFscrew 9 min 25 s vs 6 min 32 s P 0 23 Waktu total untuk menyelesaikan seluruh tugas lebih singkat pada group 2 walaupun perbedaannya tidak bermakna secara statistik 57 min 24 s vs 47 min 17 s P 0 23 Kesimpulan Program pelatihan Fiksasi MandibuloMaksila telah terbukti dapat membantu residen bedah plastik untuk meningkatkan keterampilan kraniofasial mereka memberikan hasil berupa peningkatan skor performa ABPAS dan IMFscrew placement Global Rating Scale dan waktu yang lebih singkat dalam menyelesaikan seluruh tugas Kata kunci pelatihan fiksasi mandibulomaksila test bedah plastik keterampilan kraniofasial arch bar.

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ABSTRACTBACKGROUND Mandibulomaxillary fixation MMF is one of the surgery skill a plastic surgery resident have to master to become a plastic surgeon as craniofacial cases increase rapidly By doing training on a non living model one will be competent to do the skill prior to face the real patient This study implement a training program using cranial model to evaluate the increasing learning curve in craniofacial cases among residents in training METHODS Twenty two plastic surgery residents were enrolled in this study they were divided into two groups the first group consists of residents who never perform this skill before and the second group were the ones who have performed this skill previously They performed a set of training consisting of one knowledge based session followed by one skill based session Afterwards they were evaluated in terms of maxillomandibular fixation skills ability using ABPAS and IMFscrew placement Global Rating Scale which assessed by two senior craniofacial surgeons using video recording RESULTS The ABPAS and IMFscrew placement Global Rating Scale demonstrated an increase of performance score in the more experienced study population group 2 in all aspect including the task specific work list 16 5 2 44 vs 18 1 57 P 0 19 global rating scale 17 5 2 63 vs 19 4 2 31 P 0 43 total ABPAS score 33 9 4 76 vs 37 4 3 82 P 0 34 and also for IMFscrew placement global rating scale 14 9 1 53 vs 15 9 0 95 P 0 38 although the measurement did not show statistically significant results Time needed for arch bar completion 48 min 17 s vs 41 min 8 s P 0 23 Time needed for IMFscrew placement completion 9 min 25 s vs 6 min 32 s P 0 23 Total time to task completion was shorter in group 2 although the difference was not statistically significant 57 min 24 s vs 47 min 17 s P 0 23 CONCLUSION The MandibulloMaxillary Fixation training program have proven to help plastic surgery residents in training to increase their craniofacial skills give an increase in ABPAS and IMFscrew placement Global Rating Scale performance score and shorter time to task completion KEYWORDS mandibulomaxillary fixation MMF training plastic surgery testing learning curve for craniofacial arch bar, BACKGROUND Mandibulomaxillary fixation MMF is one of the surgery skill a plastic surgery resident have to master to become a plastic surgeon as craniofacial cases increase rapidly By doing training on a non living model one will be competent to do the skill prior to face the real patient This study implement a training program using cranial model to evaluate the increasing learning curve in craniofacial cases among residents in training METHODS Twenty two plastic surgery residents were enrolled in this study they were divided into two groups the first group consists of residents who never perform this skill before and the second group were the ones who have performed this skill previously They performed a set of training consisting of one knowledge based session followed by one skill based session Afterwards they were evaluated in terms of maxillomandibular fixation skills ability using ABPAS and IMFscrew placement Global Rating Scale which assessed by two senior craniofacial surgeons using video recording RESULTS The ABPAS and IMFscrew placement Global Rating Scale demonstrated an increase of performance score in the more experienced study population group 2 in all aspect including the task specific work list 16 5 2 44 vs 18 1 57 P 0 19 global rating scale 17 5 2 63 vs 19 4 2 31 P 0 43 total ABPAS score 33 9 4 76 vs 37 4 3 82 P 0 34 and also for IMFscrew placement global rating scale 14 9 1 53 vs 15 9 0 95 P 0 38 although the measurement did not show statistically significant results Time needed for arch bar completion 48 min 17 s vs 41 min 8 s P 0 23 Time needed for IMFscrew placement completion 9 min 25 s vs 6 min 32 s P 0 23 Total time to task completion was shorter in group 2 although the difference was not statistically significant 57 min 24 s vs 47 min 17 s P 0 23 CONCLUSION The MandibulloMaxillary Fixation training program have proven to help plastic surgery residents in training to increase their craniofacial skills give an increase in ABPAS and IMFscrew placement Global Rating Scale performance score and shorter time to task completion KEYWORDS mandibulomaxillary fixation MMF training plastic surgery testing learning curve for craniofacial arch bar]"

"Background: Pada program pelatihan residensi bedah Plastik, pengukiran framework untuk telinga luar pada prosedur mikrotia masih terbatas pada sistem magang. Menurut model berbasis simulasi, residen dapat dilatih sebelum menghadapi pasien sebenarnya. Penelitian ini akan menilai efisiensi dari program pelatihan pengukiran framework telinga luar untuk residen Bedah Plastik Rekonstruksi dan Estetik.Materials and Methods: 14 residen bedah plastik masuk dalam penelitian ini, terbagi menjadi dua grup. Grup I, terdiri dari residen yang pernah mengikuti prosedur mikrotia lebih dari 1 kali sebagai asisten atau pengukir sementara grup II beum pernah. Grup II akan mendapat program pelatihan yang terdiri dari kuliah dan video, dilanjutkan dengan pengukiran dengan subtitusi kartilago dalam bimbingan. Hasil akhir akan dinilai oleh 2 orang konsultan ahli bedah Mikrotia dalam hal presisi anatomi dan ukuran serta kecepatan pengukiran.Result: Penelitian menunjukkan terdapat peningkatan bermakna dalam hal kecepatan pengukiran dengan p=0.003 (p<0.005) antara 2 grup. Sementara dalam presisi anatomi, terdapat peningkatan bermakna pada tinggi tragus dengan p=0.003 (p<0.005) serta penurunann tinggi antitragus dengan p=0.000 (p<0.0005), dan pada nilai lain tidak terdapat perbedaaan yang signifikan diantara 2 grup. Conclusion: Dari penelitian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kecuali tinggi anti tragus, hasil ini menunjukkan efektivitas program pelatihan antara mereka yang belum pernah mengikuti operasi mikrotia dengan mereka yang sudah berpengalaman.

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Background: In Plastic Surgery residency training program, cartilage carving of external ear reconstruction for Microtia's procedure was limited to traditional apprenticeship model. Under simulation based training, resident could be groomed before facing the real patient. This study will be evaluate the efficacy training program for cartilage carving of external ear framework for resident of Aesthetic Reconstructive Plastic Surgery.Materials and Methods: 14 plastic surgery resident will be enrolled in this study, separated into two group. Group I, consisted of resident had experience in Microtia's procedure more than once asisstant or carver meanwhile group II hadn't. Group II will had training program comprised of lecture and video then carving of cartilage substitute under guidance. A week later, both group would carve external ear cartilage framework without guidance. The final result will be assesed by two consultant of Microtia's surgeon in term of anatomical, size appearance of external ear and speed of carving.Result: Study showed that there was improvement in term of speed of carving with p = 0.003 (p<0.005) between both group. Meanwhile, in term of anatomical precision, there was improvement in tragal height with p=0.003 (p<0.005) and decline antitragal height with p=0.000 (p<0.0005), though in other points there was no significant differences between both team. Conclusion: From study, we concluded that except for antitragal height point, this result successfully demonstrated the effectiveness of the training program between those who had never experienced microtia's procedure before than those who had."

"Latar Belakang : Hipertensi pulmoner (HP) merupakan faktor independen kematian, kematian kardiovaskular, dan gagal jantung pada pengamatan 4 tahun pasien pascabedah katup mitral. Masalah pasien pascabedah thoraks adalah menurunnya fisiologi dan mekanik paru yang menyebabkan gangguan ventilasi perfusi dan hypoxia induced pulmonary vasoconstriction sehingga perbaikan HP pascabedah menjadi lambat. Tujuan Penelitian : Menilai efek latihan pernapasan sebagai adjuvan latihan fisik yang terstruktur terhadap penurunan tekanan sistolik arteri pulmoner (TSAP) pada pasien pascabedah katup mitral dengan hipertensi pulmoner. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan studi eksperimental acak tersamar ganda dan prospektif. Kelompok perlakuan diberikan latihan pernapasan 50% volume inspirasi maksimal (VIM) sebagai adjuvan latihan fisik atau plasebo pada kelompok kontrol selama rehabilitasi fase 2. Sampel diambil secara konsekutif dari populasi terjangkau pascaoperasi katup mitral yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Didapatkan 43 subyek yang terbagi dalam 2 kelompok yakni 21 orang kelompok perlakuan dan 22 orang kelompok kontrol. TSAP dinilai dengan ekokardiografi sebelum dan sesudah program latihan. Hasil Penelitian : Didapatkan nilai TSAP sesudah latihan pada kelompok kontrol lebih rendah secara signifikan (35 (29-39) mmHg vs 43 (40-51) mmHg;P<0.001) dan ∆TSAP kelompok perlakuan lebih besar secara signifikan (16 (12-30) mmHg vs 3.5 (2-4) mmHg;P<0.001) bila dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol. Kesimpulan : Terdapat penurunan TSAP yang lebih besar pada kelompok yang mendapatkan latihan pernapasan 50% VIM dibanding kelompok plasebo.

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Background: Pulmonary hypertension is an independent factor for mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and heart failure in four years observation of patients underwent mitral valve operation. In patient with open chest surgery, lung physiology and mechanic function deteriorates. This leads to ventilation perfusion mismatch and hypoxia induced pulmonary vasoconstriction, causing problems in recovery post operatively.

Objectives: To study the effect of respiratory training as an adjuvant to structured physical exercise in the decrease of pulmonary artery systolic pressure in patient with pulmonary hypertension post mitral valve surgery.

Methods: a double blind randomized trial was done, dividing 2 groups of subjects. It company the effect of respiratory training of 50% of maximum inspiratory volume (MIV) as an adjuvant intervention to the current phase 2 rehabilitation program in intervention group vs control group. Sample was taken consecutively in patient underwent mitral valve operation and fulfilled inclusion criteria. 43 subjects were divided in 2 groups. 21 patients were given respiratory training and 22 patients were in the placebo group. Systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP) was measured by echocardiography before and after intervention was performed.

Result: sPAP and ∆sPAP in the intervention group were significantly lower compare to the placebo group; (35 (29-39) mmHg vs 43 (40-51) mmHg; p<0.001) and (16 (12-30) mmHg vs 3.5 (2-4) mmHg; p<0.001).

Conclusion: The decrease of sPAP was found to be significantly higher in the intervention group than placebo."