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"Diagnostic imaging is an essential component in the evaluation of the patient with known or suspected respiratory tract disease. While chest radiography continues to serve as the primary tool for imaging the chest, advances in computed tomography (CT) have led to a variety of applications such as high-resolution CT (HRCT), advanced 3-D airway imaging, and image-guided procedures.The aim of this book is to deliver a clinically-oriented approach to pulmonary imaging. Each chapter of the book will provide an organized approach to the different facets of imaging of specific clinical scenarios, focusing on strengths and weaknesses of available imaging tests. High quality examples of typical imaging findings of specific conditions will supplement the text.The target readers include practicing internists, pulmonologists, thoracic surgeons, and primary care practitioners. Other readers will include respiratory care therapists and medical students. The proposed cohort of authors represents experts in the field of thoracic radiology. These authors have experience in thoracic radiology and medical writing, each will deliver a high-quality chapter meeting the aims and scope of this book while addressing the target audience. Aside from the first three chapters, which are introductory materials, each author will be invited to select a clinician with whom they work closely to serve as a co-author in order to provide a chapter that maintains the clinical orientation of this book."

"Clinically Oriented Anatomy provides first-year medical students with the clinically oriented anatomical information as it relates to the practice of medicine, dentistry, and physical therapy. The 7th edition features a fully revised art program to ensure consistency and cohesiveness of imaging style."

"This book covers the latest advances in embryology , including normal and abnormal embryogenesis, causes of birth defects, and the role of genes in human development. Details how discoveries in molecular biology have affected clinical practice, including the development of sophisticated new techniques such as recumbent DNA technology and stem cell manipulation. Clinical case presentations , highlighted in special boxes, demonstrate how embryology concepts relate to clinical practice and are ideal for preparing for the USMLE Step 1."

"ABSTRAKLatar belakang dan tujuan: Modalitas radiografi toraks merupakan pemeriksaanrutin dan tersedia di hampir setiap rumah sakit. Pengukuran secara kuantitatifberupa vascular pedicle width (VPW), cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) maupunvascular pedicle-thoracic ratio (VPTR) melalui radiografi toraks dapat membantudalam membedakan jenis edema paru dengan mengetahui titik potong rerataVPTR berdasarkan kombinasi VPW dan CTR. Metode: Penelitian dilakukan retrospektif dengan descriptive cross sectional pada100 pasien dengan klinis edema paru yang telah melakukan radiografi toraks diICU Rumah Sakit CiptoMangunkusumo (RSCM) dalam rentang waktu Januari2013 ? Desember 2015. Subjek dibagi menjadi edema kardiogenik dan nonkardiogenik berdasarkan kombinasi pengukuran VPW dan CTR. Kemudiandilakukan pengukuran VPTR dan ditentukan titik potong rerata VPTR, sensitivitasdan spesifisitas berdasarkan kombinasi VPW dan CTR dalam membedakan edemaparu.Hasil: Dari total 100 subjek penelitian di ICU RSCM dengan metode ReceiverOperating Curve (ROC) didapatkan titik potong VPTR sebesar 25,1% dengansentivitas 90,5% dan spesifisitas 86,1% dalam membedakan edema parukardiogenik dan non kardiogenik. Selain itu diperoleh juga proporsi edema parukardiogenik sebesar 21%, sedangkan edema paru non kardiogenik sebesar 79%.Kesimpulan: Titik potong VPTR berdasarkan kombinasi VPW dan CTR memilikisensitivitas dan spesifisitas yang cukup tinggi dalam membedakan edema parukardiogenik dan non kardiogenik.

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ABSTRACTBackground and purpose: Pulmonary edema in critically ill patient werechallenging in intensive care unit (ICU). Radiography of thorax is routineexamination and widely available in almost every hospital. Measurementquantitatively of vascular pedicle width (VPW), cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) andvascular pedicle-thoracic ratio in thorax radiography can help in differentiatingthe type of pulmonary edema through the cut off of VPTR based on combinationVPW and CTR. Methods: Descriptive cross sectional restrospective in 100 patients with clinicallypulmonary edema which have examined by thorax radiography at ICU RSCM inJanuary 2013 to Desember 2015. Subject divided to cardiogenic and noncardiogenic pulmonary edema based on combination VPW and CTR. Then,VPTR were measured and the cut off of VPTR determined based on combinationVPW and CTR in differentiaiting pulmonary edema.Results: From total 100 subject study at ICU RSCM using Receiver OperatingCurve (ROC) metode, the cut off of VPTR is 25,1% with sensitivity 90,5% andspecificity 86,1% in differentiating cardiogenic and non cardiogenic pulmonaryedema. Beside that, the prevalence of cardiogenik pulmonary edema is 21% andnon cardiogenic pulmonary edema is 79%.Conclusion : The cut off of VPTR based on combination VPW and CTR havesignificant sensitivity and specificity in differentiating cardiogenic and noncardiogenic pulmonary edema."

"Latar Belakang: Fibrosis ventrikel kanan merupakan respons adaptif sekaligus maladaptif terhadap kelebihan beban di ventrikel kanan. Peranan fibrosis ventrikel kanan pada populasi hipertensi pulmonal (HP) akibat defek septum atrial (DSA) sekundum belum banyak diketahui.Tujuan: Membandingkan derajat fibrosis ventrikel kanan pada pasien DSA sekundum yang sudah dan belum terjadi penyakit vaskular paru (PVP) serta menilai korelasi parameter fibrosis berdasarkan magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) dengan nilai pulmonary arterial resistance index (PARi), flow ratio (FR) dan rasio pulmonary vascular resistance/systemic vascular resistance (PVR/SVR) dari kateterisasi jantung.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi potong lintang pada pasien DSA sekundum dengan HP berusia 318 tahun yang menjalani kateterisasi jantung kanan dan pemeriksaan MRI untuk menilai fibrosis ventrikel kanan.Hasil: Terdapat total 63 pasien yang ikut serta dalam penelitian. Sebanyak 92.1% pasien memiliki gambaran late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) di regio right ventricular insertion point dan 66.7 % di septum interventrikular. Kelompok yang sudah mengalami PVP memiliki skor LGE, nilai native T1 dan extracellular volume (ECV) yang lebih tinggi dibanding kelompok yang belum (berturut-turut, 3 [1-4] vs. 2 [0-4]; p = 0.001, 1192 [1043-1407] ms vs. 1118 [1019-1191] ms; p <0.001, 43.7 ± 5.5% vs. 38.1 ± 4.6%; p <0.001). Skor LGE memiliki korelasi sedang terhadap PARi (r = 0.581, p <0.001), PVR/SVR (r = 0.561, p <0.001) dan FR (r = -0.490, p <0.001). Nilai native T1 memiliki korelasi kuat terhadap PARi (r = 0.679, p <0.001) dan PVR/SVR (r = 0.627, p <0.001) serta korelasi sedang terhadap FR (r = -0.589, p <0.001). Nilai ECV memiliki korelasi sedang terhadap FR (r = -0.440, p <0.001), serta korelasi lemah terhadap PARi (r = 0.398, p = 0.001) dan PVR/SVR (r = 0.382, p = 0.001).Kesimpulan: Pasien DSA sekundum yang sudah mengalami PVP memiliki derajat fibrosis ventrikel kanan yang lebih berat serta terdapat korelasi bermakna antara fibrosis ventrikel kanan dengan parameter kateterisasi jantung.

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Background : Right ventricular (RV) fibrosis is both adaptive and maladaptive response to the overloaded RV. Its role in pulmonary hypertension (PH) caused by secundum atrial septal defect (ASD) is not well known.

Aim(s): This study aims to compare RV fibrosis in patients with secundum ASD who have and have not experienced pulmonary vascular disease (PVD) and to determine the correlation of RV fibrosis with pulmonary arterial resistance index (PARi), flow ratio (FR), and pulmonary vascular resistance/systemic vascular resistance (PVR/SVR) ratio.

Method(s): This is a cross-sectional study on patients aged ≥18 years with secundum ASD and PH, who underwent right heart catheterization (RHC) and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess RV fibrosis.

Result(s): There were a total of 63 patients participating in this study. The majority of patients showed late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) in the region of RV insertion point (92.1%) and interventricular septum (66.7%). The PVD group had higher LGE scores, native T1, and extracellular volume (ECV) (3 [1-4] vs. 2 [0-4]; p = 0.001, 1192 [1043- 1407] ms vs. 1118 [1019-1191] ms; p <0.001, 43.7 ± 5.5% vs. 38.1 ± 4.6%; p <0.001, respectively). LGE scores had a moderate correlation with PARi (r = 0.581, p <0.001), PVR/SVR ratio (r = 0.561, p <0.001), and FR (r = -0.490, p <0.001). RV native T1 showed a strong correlation with PARi (r = 0.679, p <0.001) and PVR/SVR (r = 0.627, p <0.001), and a moderate correlation with FR (r = -0.589, p <0.001). RV ECV had a moderate correlation with FR (r = -0.440, p <0.001), and weak correlations with PARi (r = 0.398, p = 0.001) and PVR/SVR (r = 0.382, p = 0.001).

Conclusion: Secundum ASD patients with PVD showed significantly higher degree of RV fibrosis. There is a significant correlation between RV fibrosis and hemodynamic parameters obtained from RHC."