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"Identities and Genetic Diversities of Begomoviruses Associated with Leaf Curl Disease of Tomato Based on the Polymerace Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) Technique. Tri J. Santoso, Sri H. Hidayat, M. Herman, H. Aswidinnoor, and Sudarsono. Begomoviruses, members of the Geminivirus, are considered as emerging plant viruses. This was due to the increasing incidences and severities of the diseases in a number of economically important crops, including tomato. Genetic diversities of the Begomovirus isolates infecting tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) of several areas in Indo- nesia were analyzed by using Polymerase Chain Reaction- Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. A 1500 base pairs of PCR fragments amplified by using degenerate primers for Begomovirus was digested using four restriction enzymes, i.e., DraI, EcoRI, RsaI, and PstI. The pattern of RE digested fragments of 8 Begomovirus isolates and the predicted RFLP fragments of the Begomo- virus isolates in the GeneBank database were used to deter- mine the genetic identities and diversities among the isol- ates. Positive results of the PCR amplifications proved that diseased tomato plant samples collected from 8 locations in Java and Sumatra were infected with at least one Begomo- virus isolate. The PCR amplification products, which were digested using the four restriction enzymes indicated the presence of polimorfisms among the DNA fragments of the Begomovirus isolates. Identifications of the Begomovirus indicated that the Brastagi, Bogor, Sragen, Ketep, and Boyo- lali isolates were Tomato Leaf Curl Virus (ToLCV); the isolates from Malang and Blitar isolates were Ageratum Yellow Vein Virus (AYVV), while one isolate from Kaliurang was Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV). Results of the phylogenetic analysis of the 8 Begomovirus isolates based on Begomoviruses from the DNA database indicated that they belonged to three different groups."

"Agarwood or gaharu is a plant that has a high economic value in Asia, due to its use for production of incense and traditional medicines. The agarwood formation occurs in the trunk and roots of trees that have been infected by a fungus, such as acremonium spp ... "

"Penggunaan sistem hibrida generator dan modul surya merupakan pilihan yang potensialdalam elektrifikasi daerah terpencil. Dalam penelitian ini sistem tersebut ini diuji keandalan serta beberapa parameter kualitas dayanya dengan menggunakan beban rumahan yang aktif selama 24 jam. Pada dasarnya pengujian ini menganalisa dan memastikan berjalannya sistem dan tiap komponen di tiap proses transisi antar sumber suplai daya dan ketika sumber-sumber suplai daya tersebut bekerja di tiap beban-beban yang sudah dirancang. Kemudian pada setiap kondisi tersebut dianalisa kualitas daya sistem pada Point of Compliance dan kesesuaiannya dengan standar Electrical Engineerings? Association (EEA).

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Application of (Photovoltaic Cell) PV-Diesel Generator as a hybrid sources for isolated system is a high potential alternative for remote areas electrification. Therefore, in this research the hybrid system will be tested for its reliability and power quality under a 24-hour 1300 VA residential load. The focus of the test will be the transition processes from one source to another and observe if each sources and components will perform like expected. While observing the reliability we also evaluate the voltage, harmonic and frequency parameter at the point of evaluation based on Electrical Engineerings’Association Standard (EEA)."

"Genetic Diversity of Rice Blast Fungus Pyricularia oryzae Based on a Specific Primer Pot-2 (Rep-PCR). Tasliah, Reflinur, and Masdiar Bustamam. Rice blast (Pyricularia oryzae) is one of the most important diseases of rice. It can be very destructive in the field, when the environmental conditions are favourable. Information on genetic diversity of this pathogen could assist plant breeders in determining strategy for a successful control of the disease. This study was conducted to analyze genetic diversity in P. oryzae isolates by a pair of Pot-2 primers using the rep-PCR technique. These primers were designed from a transposon element of the entire blast fungus genomic DNA. DNA samples were extracted from 212 isolates of P. oryzae collected from two endemic areas of the disease in Indonesia, i.e., Tamanbogo, Lampung, and Sukabumi, West Java, as well as from some non-endemic areas in North Sumatra and West Sumatra). Results of the study indicated that the 212 isolates could clustered into 21 haplotypes. The most dominant haplotypes as indicated by their highest frequency of haplotypes were haplotype Pot 2-019 (54.46%) followed by haplotype Pot 2-021 (14.73%) and haplotipe Pot 2-016 (6.25%). Regardless of origins of the P. oryzae isolates, we found 6 haplotypes from Tamanbogo (out of 117 samples), 13 haplotypes from Sukabumi (out of 77 samples), and 11 haplotypes from North Sumatra and West Sumatra (out of 18 isolates). It seems that genetic diversity of the P. oryzae isolates was not affected by the total number of samples/isolates, but rather by place of the origin and rice genotypes from which the isolates were collected."

"Lidah buaya (Aloe vera) is an Indonesian plant used as herbal medicine.The aim of this study was to to identity the enzymatic antioxidant activity and its potency as an antihaemolytic....."

"Masyarakat beberapa negara seperti India, Pakistan dan Yunani menggunakan bunga teratai (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) untuk mengobati penyakit jantung secara tradisional. Diduga bagian tanaman ini berkhasiat sebagai kardiotonik. Penggunaan obat tradisional umumnya didasarkan pada pengalaman empirik walaupun belum dibuktikan secara ilmiah. Ekstrak daun mahkota teratai telah diuji pengaruhnya terhadap gelombang T EKG dan frekuensi denyut jantung tikus putih jantan strain LMR, turunan Wistar. Pengujian ekstrak tersebut, dilakukan dengan cara menyuntikkan 1 ml larutan ekstrak tersebut secara intravena pada tikus. Kemudian efeknya dideteksi dengan elektrokardiograf, setelah 5 menit penyuntikan. Penelitian ini memberikan hasil sebagai berikut; ekstrak daun mahkota teratai meningkatkan amplitudo gelombang T EKG tikus serta meningkatkan frekuensi denyut jantungnya."

"Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk melihat variasi genetik temulawak pada sepuluh daerahdi Indonesia. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui polimorfisme tanaman temulawak antardaerah sebagai dasar identifikasi dengan menggunakan teknik AFLP. Penelitian diawalidengan mengisolasi genom temulawak. Genom temulawak yang dihasilkan dipotongdengan menggunakan enzim restriksi EcoRI dan MseI selanjutnya diamplifikasi denganmenggunakan 4 pasang primer selektif. Mekanisme scoring dilakukan dengan teknikanalisis fragmen menggunakan Software GeneMapper versi 3.7. Ukuran fragmen yangdihasilkan berkisar antara 50--500 pb, dengan rata-rata polimorfisme 95,1 %.Keberadaan fragmen spesifik (52,24--130,05 pb) dapat digunakan untuk identifikasisampel temulawak dari daerah Ciamis Desa Salakaria, Ciamis Desa Sindangrasa,Lampung, Ciamis, Boyolali, Sulawesi Utara, NTB, Semarang, Bengkulu, dan Bali."

"Information on genetic divergence of inbred lines and performance of the hybrids developed from the lines is a great value in maize hybrid program. A study was conducted to evaluate genetic diversity of six QPM and five normal maize inbred lines, to determine the relationship between genetic distance based on SSR markers and the grain yield of single cross hybrid, and to get information promising hybrid from the single cross of QPM hybrid. Twenty four polymorphic primers that covered the 10 maize chromosomes were used to fingerprint the lines, detecting in 94 alleles (average of 3.9 and a range of 2-6 alleles per locus). Genetic divergences were determined using the Jaccard’s similarity coefficient, and a dendrogram was constructed using the UPGMA. Cluster analysis divided the inbreds into two clusters that were confirmed by principal coordinate analysis. Two promising QPM hybrids that are crossed from different heterotic group were found. The estimated value of simple correlations (r) of GDs with the gain yield of single cross hybrid was negatif (-0.07). There is a need to conduct more field trials to obtain more accurate correlations, particularly in a practical utility for predicting maize hybrid performance for grain yield."

"Dringo (Acorus calamus L.), genetic diversity, Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) Abstrak Dringo (Acorus calamus L.) merupakan salah satu tumbuhan obat yang digunakan sebagai obat tradisional oleh berbagai etnis di Indonesia berdasarkan hasil Riset Tumbuhan Obat dan Jamu (Ristoja) tahun 2012. Tujuan umum Ristoja adalah tersedianya database pengetahuan etnomedisin, ramuan obat tradisional (OT) dan tumbuhan obat (TO) di Indonesia, termasuk data keragaman genetik tumbuhan obat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaman genetik Dringo yang digunakan di 20 etnis terpilih di Indonesia berdasarkan penanda molekular Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) untuk mendukung tersedianya database tumbuhan obat di Indonesia. Sebanyak 10 primer ISSR terpilih menghasilkan 82 fragmen DNA dengan polimorfisme 51,2 %. Koefisien Dice digunakan untuk menghitung indeks similaritas antar aksesi Dringo dan konstruksi dendrogram menggunakan UPGMA. Indeks similaritas aksesi Dringo sebesar 76,7 sampai 100%, hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa keragaman genetik Dringo rendah. Adanya database keragaman genetik Dringo akan membantu dalam pemetaan dan upaya konservasi tumbuhan obat terutama secara in situ.

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ABSTRAKDringo (Acorus calamus L.) used as medicinal plant in Indonesian ethnic groups. Those information based on Ristoja (Research Programme on Medicinal Plants) in year 2012. The objective of Ristoja was to provide a database of local ethnomedicine knowledge, herbal formula and medicinal plant in Indonesia. The aim of this study was to assess the genetic diversity of Dringo from 20 selected ethnic groups in Indonesia based on Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR). Ten selected ISSR primers generated 82 amplified fragments with 51,2% were polymorphic. Dice coefficient was used to calculate similarity index and UPGMA was used to construct a dendogram. The genetic similarity index among accessions ranged from 76,7 to 100% thus indicating that low level of genetic diversity in Dringo. Genetic diversity database can be useful for medicinal plant mapping and conservation especially for in situ conservation. "

"Methisillin Resistant Staplylococcus aureus (MRSA) adalah strain Staphylococcus aureus yang telah mengalami resisten terhadap antibiotika metisilin dan lainnya dalam 1 golongan. Mekanisme resistensi MRSA terjadi karena Sraphylococcus aureus menghasilkan Penicillin Binding Protein (PBP2a atau PBP2?) yang dikode oleh gen mecA yang memiliki afinitas rendah terhadap metisilin. Saat ini MRSA diuji dengan cara uji resistensi dengan cara Cakram Oxacillin 1 ug. Cara ini memerlukan isolat murni dan kultur bakteri, sehingga hasilnya baru bisa diketahui paling cepat 5 hari. Dalam upaya untuk mencari teknik diagnostik yang cepat dan tepat untuk mendeteksi MRSA, deteksi gen mecA dengan teknik PCR merupakan salah satu diagnostik alternatif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mencari alternatif teknik diagnostik yang cepat dan tepat untuk pemeriksaan MRSA, dalam hal ini PCR. Pengujian dibagi dalam 2 tahap, yaitu : (1). Isolasi dan Identifikasi MRSA secara fenotipik, (2). Deteksi gen mecA pada isolat MRSA dengan teknik PCR yang terdiri dari: optimasi uji PCR untuk deteksi gen mecA, spesifisitas uji PCR, sensitifitas dan spesifisitas deteksi gen mecA sebagai uji diagnostik alternatif MRSA. Hasil isolasi dan identifikasi secara fenotipik dari 114 isolat diperoleh MRSA sebanyak 76 isolat, dan MSSA sehesar 38 isolat. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian deteksi gen mecA pada isolat MRSA dengan teknik PCR diperoleh 75 isolat menunjukkan hasil positif terhadap gen mecA, sedangkan 1 isolat menunjukkan hasil negatif terhadap gen mecA, isolat tersebut adalah 1295/MUT yang diperoleh dari Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Klinik (LMK) FKUI. Dari hasil penelitian ini diperoleh hasil uji PCR gen mecA terhadap beberapa bakteri lain yaitu Staphylococcus epidermidis, Scitreus, B. subrilis, Streptococcus bera haemolyricus, E. coli, K. pneumoniae dan P. aeruginosa, ternyata S. epidermidis dan S.citreus menunjukkan hasil PCR positif terhadap gen mecA, sedangkan bakteri lain menunjukkan hasil negatif terhadap gen mecA. Hasil uji PCR gen mecA dibandingkan dengan baku emas pemeriksaan sensitivitas dan spesifisitas secara fenotipik terhadap isolat MRSA dan MSSA adalah 98,7% dan 100%, dan nilai Posistive Predictive Value (PPV)& Negative Predictive Value (NPV) adalah 100% & 97,4%."