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"Pendahuluan: Derajat supervisi yang tepat tidak hanya mendorong pencapaian kompetensi peserta didik namun juga menjamin pelayanan kesehatan yang aman dan berkualitas. Namun demikian, hingga saat ini masih ditemukan berbagai kendala dalam penerapannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh pemahaman mendalam mengenai kebutuhan, kondisi dan tantangan yang dihadapi terkait pentahapan kompetensi dan supervisi dalam pendidikan profesi dokter spesialis, sebagai masukan dalam pengembangan kurikulum. Metode: Penelitian dijalankan menggunakan desain kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi untuk mempelajari secara mendalam pentahapan kompetensi dan kewenangan sebagai suatu fenomena berdasarkan pengalaman pihak-pihak yang terlibat secara langsung dalam pendidikan profesi dokter spesialis. Peneliti menggunakan metode pengumpulan data berupa wawancara semi-terstruktur dan focus group discussion untuk mendalami pandangan stakeholder, pengelola, pelaksana pendidikan dan peserta didik mengenai konsep kompetensi, kewenangan dan pentahapan, kebutuhan akan pentahapan kompetensi dan kewenangan, faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi, pola implementasi, masalah dan tantangan yang dihadapi dalam implementasi, serta bentuk implementasi yang diharapkan. Hasil: Telah dilakukan wawancara dan FGD terhadap 26 narasumber, yang mewakili pihak fakultas, pengelola program studi, staf dan peserta didik dari kelompok keilmuan surgikal, medikal dan penunjang. Pandangan mengenai kompetensi erat kaitannya dengan sistem pentahapan, pemberian kewenangan dan supervisi yang dilakukan. Faktor penentu keberhasilan implementasi meliputi perumusan kompetensi dan unit kewenangan yang jelas, dukungan staf, sistem evaluasi yang valid dan terpercaya, serta sudut pandang yang integratif. Sistem asesmen konvensional masih belum memadai sebagai sumber informasi pengambilan keputusan terkait pentahapan dan supervisi. Beban kerja yang tinggi, khususnya administratif, disadari sebagai tantangan terbesar dalam penerapan supervisi yang efektif pada saat ini. Kemandirian disadari sebagai unsur penting dalam pencapaian kompetensi peserta didik, tingkat kemandirian dalam pendidikan perlu disesuaikan dengan regulasi dan sistem pelayanan kesehatan saat ini. Kesimpulan: Sistem supervisi yang lebih baik dibutuhkan untuk menyeimbangkan antara keselamatan pasien dengan kebutuhan pencapaian kompetensi selaras dengan sistem pendidikan di universitas dan regulasi rumah sakit.

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Introduction: Proper supervision not only promotes the competency development of residents but also the delivery of safe medical care. However, challenges have frequently been identified in its implementation. In this study we attempted to explore the needs, patterns and challenges in the implementation of competency leveling, as inputs for future curriculum development. Methods: This is a qualitative study with phenomenological approach to explore in depth the issue of competency levels and supervision as a phenomenon from the perspectives of the parties directly involved in residency training. Through semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions, we explored the view on the concept of competencies, supervision and leveling; the expressed needs regarding supervision and leveling; factors affecting implementation patters; challenges in its implementation; and the ideal form according to the perspectives of the parties involved. Results: Through interview and FGD with 26 respondents representing the faculty, program directors, staffs and residents from surgical, medical and diagnostic disciplines, we identified that the concept of competencies were closely related to how training programs implement their system of leveling and supervision. Success factors included properly defined competencies and units of supervision, support from staff members, availability of valid and reliable system of assessment, and an integrative view of the system. Conventional assessment methods were inadequate in supporting entrustment decision making. Excessive workload, mainly administrative, were identified as the biggest challenge in implementing effective supervision. Independence was identified as an important part in the development of resident's competence, but the most appropriate system which incorporates demands from regulations and existing healthcare system still needs to be developed. Conclusion: Further curriculum development will need to find the best fit between the current university-based course organization and the unique needs of competency based postgraduate medical education with its characteristics as a workplace-based training."

"Tujuan penelitian dimaksudkan untuk memperoleh informasi tentang polarisasi sosialisasi pengembangan KTSP, stratrgi penmge,bangan KTSP yang dilakukan oleh satuan pendidikan, dan hasil - hasil dokumen KTSP yang telah dikembangkan oleh satuan pendidikan serta kendala yang dalam mengembangkan KTSP

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"Subject mater experts (SMEs) know their subject area, but often need a lesson on how to train. Help SMEs understand adult learning theories and how to design effective training."

"If you want your classes to run smoothly you need a lesson plan. This issue focuses on the details of designing and developing these lesson plans within the context of your course design. You will learn what designers and facilitators do, how to select the most effective instructional techniques, and when to use the various approaches to lesson planning."

"Pemerintah telah menyusun kurikulum yang akan dilaksanakan pada tahun 2013. Perubahan kurikulum juga mengubah peran guru dalam implementasi kurikulum. Tulisan ini disusun berdasarkan kajian dari berbagai sumber seperti buku dan media massa. Pada kurikulum 2013 peran guru berkurang dibandingkan peran guru pada KBK dan KTSP yaitu sebagai pelaksana teknis. Hal ini membuka peluang bagi guru untuk dapat mengoptimalkan efektivitas pembelajaran di kelas dalam rangka meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan melalui peningkatan kompetensi guru serta optimalisasi guru dalam pembelajaran."

"Learners are busy and want results. This issue will show you how to focus on two key components of instructional systems development design and development so that your design clearly gives participants what they need to know, while focusing on learning transfer, and how your training ultimately impacts the organization. The competency-based approach offers advice on design basics, instructional strategies, and course descriptions, plus pointers on the basics of developing course materials."

"The success or failure of even the best designed training intervention is often determined by how well it is marketed to your client base. This issue focuses on the techniques and strategies to help training and development professionals become better marketers of their products and services. This issue adapts the traditional ADDIE model to explain the process in six steps, beginning with a needs and situation analysis and continuing through strategy, promotion, production, distribution, and evaluation."