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"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai dinamika kebijakan perkereta-apian terkait pelayanan yang diterapkan oleh PJKA dari tahun 1971 hingga 1992, dan PERUMKA dari tahun 1992 hingga 1998. Perusahaan kereta api nasional selama perkembangannya mengalami perubahan bentuk perusahaan, yang juga diiringi berubahnya tujuan serta arah usaha yang diterapkan oleh perusahaan. Pada masa PJKA, fokus dan arah usaha adalah pelayanan publik dengan tidak mementingkan keadaan finansial, sedangkan fokus PERUMKA adalah meraup keuntungan tanpa melupakan aspek pelayanan publik. Hasil penelitian ini adalah kebijakan pelayanan Perumka berhasil merubah citra kereta api yang tadinya buruk menjadi lebih baik.

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This undergraduate thesis discusses the developments of railway services-related policies implemented by PJKA from 1971-1992 and by PERUMKA from 1992-1998. National railway company during its development changed the status of the company, which is also accompanied by changes of company‟s goals and missions. During the PJKA era, the focus and mission of the companywas strongly focused in public services rather than financial aspect, while PERUMKA aiming to be a profitable company without forgetting the public service aspect. The results of this study are Perumka has succeeded in creating the better image of the railway and company"

"Perkeretaapian sebagai salah satu moda transportasi memiliki karakteristik dan keunggulan khusus, terutama dalam kemampuannya untuk mengangkut, baik orang maupun barang secara massal, menghemat energi, menghemat penggunaan ruang, mempunyai faktor keamanan yang tinggi, memiliki tingkat pencemaran yang rendah, serta lebih efisien dibandingkan dengan moda transportasi jalan untuk angkutan jarak jauh dan untuk daerah yang padat lalu lintasnya, seperti angkutan perkotaan. Dengan adanya perkembangan teknologi perkeretaapian dan perubahan lingkungan strategis yang semakin kompetitif dan tidak terpisahkan dari sistem perekonomian internasional yang menitikberatkan pada asas keadilan, keterbukaan, dan tidak diskriminatif, dipandang perlu melibatkan peran pemerintah daerah dan swasta guna mendorong kemajuan penyelenggaraan perkeretaapian nasional. Diterbitkannya Undang-Undang erkeretaapian No. 23 tahun 2007 (UUKA) diharapkan akan membawa angin segar perkembangan pelayanan jasa perkeretaapian di seluruh Indonesia karena undang-undang itu memungkinkan keterlibatan pihak lain, selain PT KA (Persero), untuk ikut serta menyelenggarakan perkeretaapian nasiinal yang lebih kompetitif. Salah satu imbas diberlakukannya UUKA adalah ikut memaksa PT KA (Persero) ikut serta dalam kancah persaingan usaha perkeretaapian dan segera menerapkan langkahlangkah persiapan menyongsong era persaingan dalam jasa perkeretaapian. Salah satu usaha yang dilakukan adalah dengan pembentukan anak perusahaan (PT KCJ) yang khusus menyelengarakan sarana perkeretaapian di wilayah Jabodetabek yang dibentuk dalam kondisi adanya keterbatasan-keterbatasan tertentu. Mengingat kekhasan karakteristik pola perjalanan maupun operasi kereta di wilayah Jabodetabek maka membutuhkan pengaturan khusus dalam perjanjian antara PT KA (Persero) dan PT KCJ agar terjadi keselarasan operasi dan pelayanan sehingga pada akhirnya tujuan sebagaimana digariskan pemerintah dalam pembentukan anak perusahaan dapat segera tercapai.

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Railways as one of transportation mode has special and eminent characteristic, especially in its ability to transport mass passengers and commodities, energy savings, space savings and high level of security, low contamination level and more efficient compares to other mode of land transportation for long distance transport and for area with high level of density such as commuter transportation. With the railways technology development and the transformation of strategic environment that becomes more competitive and not be able to be separated from the international economic system that emphasize in the foundation of fairness, transparency and non discriminative, it is consider necessary to involve the province or region government and private owned company in order to stimulate the enforcement of the national railways development. The issuance of the Law No.23/2007 in regards to the Railways Regulation is expected to convey fresh atmosphere for the development of the railways services in Indonesia, since such Law/Regulation make it possible for the involvement of other party besides PT. KA (Persero) to accede in the more competitive national railways. One of the implication due to the implementation of Railways Regulation is to coerce PT.KA (Persero) to involve in the term of railways business competition and to implement the necessary preparation to support the business competition era in railway services. One of the effort performed in by the establishment of the new subsidiary of PT.KA (PT.KCJ) that specilized to operate the railways within the area of Jabodetabek thatwas established in the condition with certain limitation. In accordance to the characteristic of rout pattern as well as the train operation in Jabodetabek area, therefore it requires special arrangement in the Agreement between PT.KA (Persero) and PT.KCJ in order to invent the harmony in operation and services terms which at the end, the purpose as stipulated by the Government in the establishment of PT.KA?s subsidiary can be achieved."

"Penelitian ini membahas tentang Kebijakan Pemerintah Malaysia terhadap Tenaga Kerja Indonesia (TKI) yang datang ke Malaysia pada tahun 1971-1998. Terbukanya kesempatan kerja yang luas bagi TKI sejak Pemerintah Malaysia menetapkan kebijakan Ekonomi Baru/New Economy Policy tahun 1971. Mendorong masuknya TKI baik secara legal maupun illegal, hingga pada tahun 1980-an jumlah TKI semakin meningkat, oleh sebab itu Pemerintah Malaysia membuat serangkaian kebijakan untuk menertibkan TKI yang masuk ke Malaysia baik secara persuasive (perjanjian bilateral Medan Agreement dan pemutihan), maupun secara koersif seperti deportasi dan Ops Nyah I, Ops Nyah II, Ops Nyah III. Namun kebijakan yang dibuat oleh Pemerintah Malaysia tetap saja tidak dapat menahan arus TKI yang masuk ke Malaysia, dan TKI dari tahun ke tahun semakin meningkat.

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This study discusses about the Malaysian Government policy over Indonesia migrant workers who came to Malaysia in 1971 to 1998. The opening of job opportunities for migrants since the Government of Malaysia sets New Economic policy in 1971 encouraged the entry of migrant workers, both legally and illegally. Because of the increasing number of migrants until the 1980s, the Malaysian government made a series of policies to curb migrants coming into Malaysia either persuasively (Medan agreement bilateral agreements and bleaching) or coercively such as deportation and Ops Nyah I, Ops Nyah II, III Ops Nyah. However, the policy made by the Malaysian Government still can not withstand the flow of migrant workers who entered Malaysia, and the increasing number of migran every year since then."

"ABSTRAKSkripsi ini meneliti pelaksanaan kebijakan ekonomi luar negeri Jepang dalam sektor perkeretaapian Indonesia dengan periode tahun 2014-2017 sebagai fokus penelitian. Periode tahun tersebut dipilih dengan mempertimbangkan perubahan rezim yang terjadi di Indonesia yang berdampak kepada perubahan terhadap kebijakan yang dilaksanakan dalam sektor perkeretaapian. Perubahan ini berdampak kepada adanya keterbukaan terhadap investor asing yang berpotensi sebagai kompetitor Jepang di sektor ini. Di sisi lain, pelaksanaan kebijakan ekonomi luar negeri di sektor perkeretaapian Indonesia merupakan bagian dari paket kebijakan ekonomi Abenomics yang ditujukan untuk merevitalisasi perekonomian Jepang. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa Jepang melakukan dua strategi yang beriringan guna mempertahankan kepentingannya dalam sektor perkeretaapian Indonesia. Dua strategi tersebut mencakup strategi jangka pendek yang ditujukan untuk memberikan insentif agar Indonesia tertarik untuk memilih Jepang sebagai mitra pembangunannya, dan strategi jangka panjang yang ditujukan untuk memunculkan kebutuhan teknologi Jepang dalam perkeretaapian Indonesia.

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ABSTRACT

This study examines the implementation of Japan's foreign economic policy strategy in the Indonesian railway sector with the period 2014-2017 as the focus of the research. This period was chosen to take into account the regime changes that occurred in Indonesia which had an impact on changes to the policies implemented in the railway sector. These changes have an impact on the openness of foreign investors who have the potential to be Japanese competitors in this sector. On the other hand, the implementation of foreign economic policies in the Indonesian railway sector is part of the Abenomics economic policy package aimed at revitalizing the Japanese economy. The results of this study found that Japan carried out two concurrent strategies to maintain its interest in the Indonesian railway sector. The two strategies include a short-term strategy aimed at providing incentives so that Indonesia is interested in choosing Japan as its development partner, as well as a long-term strategy aimed at raising Japan's technological needs in Indonesian railways."

"[ABSTRAK

Program BOK di Kabupaten Kuningan meningkatan dana operasional Puskesmas

tahun 2011 dan 2012 menjadi 2 kali lipat, tetapi hal tersebut tidak berbanding

positif dengan pencapaian cakupan indikator SPM bidang kesehatan. Ini

mengindikasikan bahwa implementasi program BOK di Puskesmas Kabupaten

Kuningan belum berjalan sesuai harapan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk

menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi implementasi kebijakan BOK di

Puskesmas Kabupaten Kuningan berdasarkan variabel kondisi lingkungan,

hubungan antar organisasi, sumber daya organisasi, serta karakteristik dan

kapabilitas instansi pelaksana. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dan

dilakukan antara Bulan Maret?April 2013 berlokasi di 4 Puskesmas dan Dinas

Kesehatan dengan jumlah informan 23 orang. Pelaksanaan BOK di Kabupaten

Kuningan tahun 2011?2012 memberikan banyak manfaat kepada Puskesmas

khususnya operasional kegiatan preventif dan promotif. Tetapi ini tidak

berpengaruh positif terhadap pencapaian SPM bidang kesehatan. SPM cenderung

menurun dan item tidak mencapai target cenderung meningkat.

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ABSTRACT

BOK programs in Kuningan District to improve operational funds of public

health centers in 2011 and 2012 to 2-fold, but it is not comparable positive with

the achievement coverage of health SPM indicators. This indicates that the

implementation of BOK programs in public health centers of Kuningan District

has not run as expected. The purpose of this study to analyze the factors that

influence implementation of the BOK policy in public health centers of Kuningan

District, based on variable environmental conditions, inter-organizational

relationships, organizational resources, as well as the characteristics and

capabilities of executing agencies. This study uses a qualitative method and

conducted between March-April 2013 and is located at 4 public health centers

with the Health Department informant number 23. Implementation of BOK

programs in Kuningan district in 2011-2012 provides many benefits to the public

health center especially operational to preventive and to promotive activities. But

this is not a positive influence on the achievement in health SPM. SPM tends to

decrease and the item does not reach the target is likely to increase.;BOK programs in Kuningan District to improve operational funds of public

health centers in 2011 and 2012 to 2-fold, but it is not comparable positive with

the achievement coverage of health SPM indicators. This indicates that the

implementation of BOK programs in public health centers of Kuningan District

has not run as expected. The purpose of this study to analyze the factors that

influence implementation of the BOK policy in public health centers of Kuningan

District, based on variable environmental conditions, inter-organizational

relationships, organizational resources, as well as the characteristics and

capabilities of executing agencies. This study uses a qualitative method and

conducted between March-April 2013 and is located at 4 public health centers

with the Health Department informant number 23. Implementation of BOK

programs in Kuningan district in 2011-2012 provides many benefits to the public

health center especially operational to preventive and to promotive activities. But

this is not a positive influence on the achievement in health SPM. SPM tends to

decrease and the item does not reach the target is likely to increase., BOK programs in Kuningan District to improve operational funds of public

health centers in 2011 and 2012 to 2-fold, but it is not comparable positive with

the achievement coverage of health SPM indicators. This indicates that the

implementation of BOK programs in public health centers of Kuningan District

has not run as expected. The purpose of this study to analyze the factors that

influence implementation of the BOK policy in public health centers of Kuningan

District, based on variable environmental conditions, inter-organizational

relationships, organizational resources, as well as the characteristics and

capabilities of executing agencies. This study uses a qualitative method and

conducted between March-April 2013 and is located at 4 public health centers

with the Health Department informant number 23. Implementation of BOK

programs in Kuningan district in 2011-2012 provides many benefits to the public

health center especially operational to preventive and to promotive activities. But

this is not a positive influence on the achievement in health SPM. SPM tends to

decrease and the item does not reach the target is likely to increase.]"

"Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perilaku cash holding melalui pengujian empiris variabel financial-characteristics dan kebijakan manajemen risiko pada perusahaan-perusahaan non-keuangan di Indonesia. Analisis hubungan dan pengaruh hedging sebagai instrumen manajemen risiko terhadap cash holding dilakukan menggunakan empat variasi model estimasi yang melibatkan variabel interaksi. Sebagai sampel digunakan data 127 perusahaan manufaktur yang tercatat di Bursa Efek Indonesia selama periode 2011 - 2015. Dari hasil pengujian model regresi linear berganda penelitian ini menemukan bahwa terdapat tiga variabel financial-characteristicsyang secara signifikan berpengaruh terhadap perilaku cash holding, yaitu net-working capital, cash flow, growth opportunity. Sementara variabel-variabel leverage, profitability, dan capital expenditure tidak berpengaruh signifikan. Variabel makroekonomi yang memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap cash holding adalah suku bunga dan pertumbuhan ekonomi. Temuan penelitian ini juga memperlihatkan indikaasi bahwa praktik-praktik bisnis yang umum dilakukan oleh perusahaan-perusahaan Indonesia yang tergabung dalam suatu kelompok usaha mempengaruhi perilaku cash holding. Variabel hedging secara individual berpengaruh negatif terhadap cash-holding. Namun, signifikansi pengaruh variabel hedging terhadap cash holding ter-reduksi oleh efek interaksi variabel leverage-hedging.

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The objective of this study is to determine the effects of financial-characteristic and risk management policy of the firm on its demand on cash. Analysis of the relation and effect of hedging as risk management instrument on cash holding is conducted using four modified estimated models, involving interaction variables. The hypothesis of corporate cash holding behavior tested using multiple regressions by publicly traded of 127 Indonesian manufacturing companies in the 2011 – 2015 periods. Results of this study suggest that net-working capital, cash flow, growth opportunity variables have significant effects on corporate cash holding, while size of the firm, leverage, profitability, and capital expenditure are not significant. Macroeconomics variables that have significant effects on corporate cash holding are interest rate and growth of gross domestic product. Finding of this study also indicates that common practices of Indonesian companies group of ownerships have impact to the degree of effects of some internal financial variables on corporate cash holding. This study also found that hedging as a risk management instrument has significant effects on corporate demand on cash, but reduces by its interaction-effect with leverage.

"

"Peraturan Pemerintah No.8 Tahun 2003 menyebutkan Dinas Daerah Kabupaten/Kota mempunyai tugas melaksanakan kewenangan menyelenggarakan fungsi perumusan kebijakan teknis, desentralisasi dengan pemberian perizinan dan pelaksanaan pelayanan umum. Di Kabupaten Bandung, sejak desentralisasi kebijakan yang lahir adalah Peraturan Dacrah Nomor 18 tahun :2001 tentang Tarif Pelayanan Kesehatan pada Unit Instalasi Kesehatan Pemerintah Kabupaten Bandung di Iuar Rumah Sakii. Kondisi saat ini sarana pelayanan kesehatan di Kabupaten Bandung penyebarannya belum merata, belum semua wilayah terjangkau tenaga kesehatan dan masih ada kendala akses pelayanan masyarakat maka optimalisasi pelayanan kesehatan yang dilaksanakan oleh pemerintah maupun swasta dapat menjadi kunci pembangunan kesehatan. oleh karena itu dilakukan Riset Operasional pembuatan kebijakan terhadap penyelenggaraan sarana pelayanan kesehatan swasta dalam menerapkan prinsip-prinsip pemerataan (equity), akses (accessible) dan keterjangkauan (affordable) pelayanan kesehatan di Kabupatcn Bandung Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analitik kualitatif dengan teknis pengumpulan data Wawancara Mendalam terdiri dari 4 informan unsur pemerintah dan 6 informan unsur sarana kesehatan swasta. Focus Group Discussion di pedesaan dan semi perkotaan serta check list data sekunder. selanjutnya dilakukan analisis isi. Peneliti terlibat secara operasional dalam tahapan proses pembuatan kebijakan tentang Rancangan Peraturan Daerah (Raperda) yang sedang disusun.Hasil penelitian mcnunjukkan dasar pengaturan pelayanan kesehatan swasta masih mengacu pada kebijakan pusat yang bersifat umum, belum dijabarkan ditingkat lokal, akibatnya pelayanan kesehatan swasta belwn berorientasi pada kebutuhan dan kekhasan pembangunan Kabupaten Bandung seperti meningkatkan indeks pembangunan manusia. Desentralisasi mampu meningkatkan daya guna pemerintah daerah dalam pembangunan dan pelayanan masyarakat, ditunjang dengan aspirasi masyarakat akan kebutuhan pelayanan kesehatan dan kesediaan Swasta untuk bermitra dengan pemerintah dalam melayani masyarakat. menjadi potensi faktor lingkungan unluk meJahirkan kebUakan di daerah. Faktor lainnya adalah lingkungan strategis Kabupaten Bandung dan pemahaman kkesehatan bersifat universal menunjang kebijakan bidang kesehatan. Proses pembuatan Raperda saat ini dalam pembahasan DPRD Kahupaten Bandung mencermlnkan kebijakan peJayanan kesehatan swasta dimasa yang akan datang diatur dalam Peraturan Daerah rentang penyelenggaraan pelayanan kesehatan swasta sebagai bentuk pengaturan dan penertiban.Analisis Draf Raperda penyelenggaraan pelayanan kesehatan swasta di Kabupaten Bandung menunjukkan penyusunan Raperda mengakomodasi prinsip upaya pelayanan yang tercantum pada pasal 4 ayat (2) rnenyebutkan prinsip pelayanan kesehatan meliputi pemerataan, akses. keterjangkauan dan mutu pelayanan kesehatan, disebutkan juga bahwa akan menjamin kesempatan yang sama dan berpihak pada masyarakat rentan.Pembuatan Rancangan Peraturan Daerah perlu di1engkapi naskah akademik sebagai kajian akademik mengenai substansi, rumusan dan materi tentang Penyelenggaraan Pelayanan Kesehatan Swasta. Diharapkan proses pembuatan Raperda ini berlanjut sehingga menjadi Peraturan Daerah yang mampu melindungi penyelenggara dan masyarakat.

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Government Regulation No.S Year 2003 n1entioned that a district or city has an obligation to maintain decentralization. by doing function of formulation technique policy. giving permission. and to perform usual public services. At Bandung district, since decentralization the only policy made is District Law No. IS Year 2001 about health service tariff at a unit or governn1ent district health installation in Bandung, outside hospital. The condition nowadays, health services inside district Bandung are nut spread well enough meaning not all area is reached by paramedic and still there are obstacle in accessing of public services, therefore the optimization of health services wich is done by the government or private sector can be the key factor to built up health issues. for that reason Operation Research has been conducted to make health policy about the implementation of health services by private sector in adapting the principles of equity, accessible, and affordable inside Bandung district. Method which are;_ used in this Operation Research is analytical qualitative by using gathering data information technique that consists of 4 informants from governmment and 6 informants from private, focus group discussion in tbc: country and suburban city. and also secondary check list which v.:ill be analyzed afterwards. Researcher is involved operntionaliy on every single step of the policy making process of District Law Draft (Rancangan Peraturan Daerah Raperda) which are being made.The result shows that the basic structure of health services done by private sector still refer to the previous policy which is very common and havent explored to the !veal district, as a result the private health service still not oriented to the needs and speciality of Bandung district such as increasing the Human Development Index (HDI) Desentralizatlon is able to increase the competence of local government by means of building and serving the community that supported by the people wants and needs and of course willingness of private sector in conjunction with government serve people and could become a potential environmental factors to create a policy in the district. The other factors are the strategic place of Bandung district and an acknowledgemer that health services is universal and support health policy. Been discussing Process of making the District Law Draft (Raperda) has within DPRD Kabupatei1 Bandung that reflects the policy of private health service in the coming years will be maintained by the District Law about arrangement private health service as a result adjacent and acknowledgement.The analysis of Raperda draft arrangement private health services at Bandung district shOw that making of Raperda accomodates the principal of effort in services just Jike what is mentioned in pasal 4 ayat (2) that says, the principal of health services by private sector includes principles of equity, accessible, affordable, and the quality of health services. It's also mentioned that there will be a guarantee of equal chance treatment oriented to the weak community.Making of Raperda needs to be supported and equipped by academical references regarding the substance, formulation, and content for lhe Raperda about arrangement of private health service. Ir is expected that making Raperda will success and at the end become Raperda of Health Policy which will protect the actor such as private sector and the community."

"Percepatan pengembangan sektor industri sebagai salah satu fokus kebijakan Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN otomatis akan diikuti dengan meningkatnya permintaan tenaga kerja terampil, sehingga butuh suatu upaya untuk meningkatkan kualitas tenaga kerja Indonesia agar tidak kalah saing dengan tenaga kerja asing dan memperparah tingkat pengangguran. Pendidikan kejuruan berkontribusi dalam menekan angka penangguran karena lulusannya merupakan tenaga kerja terampil siap pakai yang dapat langsung diserap industri. Jawa Barat menempati posisi ketiga secara nasional yang memiliki angka pengangguran tertinggi, di mana sebagian besarnya adalah lulusan SMK. Penelitian ini akan menganalisis jejaring kebijakan untuk melihat bagaimana dinamika dan interaksi antar para aktor kunci dalam jejaring kebijakan pada kebijakan pendidikan kejuruan dan ketenagakerjaan dapat menjelaskan tingginya pengangguran lulusan SMK di Provinsi Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan post-positivism. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sejauh ini interaksi antar aktor kunci yang terlibat dalam jejaring kebijakan ini masih mengandalkan bentuk hubungan yang sifatnya formal. Konflik kepentingan yang terjadi antar para aktor dari sektor publik berakar dari perbedaan pandangan mereka terkait apa yang sesungguhnya menjadi masalah dan bagaimana mengatasinya.

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Accelerating the development of the industrial sector as one of the ASEAN Economic Community 39 s policy focus will automatically be followed by the increasing demand for skilled labor, so it needs an effort to improve the quality of Indonesian labor so as not to lose competitiveness with foreign workers and aggravate the unemployment rate. Vocational education contributes to reducing unemployment rates because the graduates are ready made skilled laborers who can be directly absorbed by the industry. West Java occupies the third position nationally which has the highest unemployment rate, where most of them are SMK graduates. This study will analyze the policy network to see how the dynamics and interactions among key actors in the policy network on vocational education and employment policy can explain the high unemployment of SMK graduates in West Java Province. This research is a qualitative research with post positivism approach. The results show that so far the interactions among key actors involved in this policy network still rely on formal relationships. The conflicts of interest between actors from the public sector stem from their differing views on what really matters and how to overcome them."

"Penelitian ini memaparkan mengenai sebuah analisa dari formulasi Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan Nasional Republik Indonesia mengenai Standar Pelayanan Minimal. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan mengenai formulasi kebijakan Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan Nasional Republik Indonesia Nomor 15 Tahun 2010 Tentang Standar Pelayanan Minimal Pendidikan Dasar di Kabupaten/Kota. Penelitian dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam kepada pihakpihak yang berkaitan dalam proses formulasi kebijakan, dan juga sudi kepustakaan untuk mempertajam analisis yang dilakukan. Hasil dari penelitian menggambarkan bahwa terjadi keterlambatan dalam pembuatan peraturan mengenai standar pelayanan minimal oleh Kementerian Pendidikan Nasional.

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This study presents a policy formulation analysis of Regulation from Minister of National Education Republic of Indonesia regarding the Minimum Service Standards. The purpose of this research was to describe the policy formulation of Regulation from the Minister of National Education Republic of Indonesia Number 15 Year 2010 Concerning Minimum Service Standard of Basic Education in the District/City. The study was conducted through in-depth interviews to related parties in the process of policy formulation, and also willing to literature to sharpen the analysis undertaken. The results of the study illustrate that there are delay in the rulemaking on minimum service standards by the Ministry of National Education."