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"[ABSTRAKKemampuan inhibitor Triazine dalam menginhibisi baja karbon API 5L X60 dalam lingkungan NaCl 3.5% diinvestigasi dengan menggunakan metode Polarisasi Tafel dalam berbagai variasi konsentrasi. Konsentrasi yang digunakan pada penelitian kali ini adalah 0 ppm, 50 ppm, 10 ppm, 150 ppm, 200 ppm, dan 250 ppm. Efisiensi optimum yang didapatkan adalah sebesar 50.28% dengan konsentrasi inhibitor triazine sebesar 150 ppm. Dengan pengujian FTIR, maka dibuktikan bahwa senyawa triazine mampu menginhibisi permukaan baja API 5L X60. Penelitian ini juga membuktikan bahwa inhibitor triazine merupakan inhibitor korosi karena mampu menurunkan laju korosi.Inhibitor triazine termasuk kedalam jenis inhibitor campuran.

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ABSTRACT

The corrosion rate from Triazine-based inhibitors on API 5-L X60 steel at NaCl 3,5% environtment were investigated using the Tafel Polarization method. The Triazine compounds that successfully absorbed onto steel surface were investigated using the Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR). Triazine?s efficiency depends on the concentration that given onto environtment. The highest efficiency of Triazine inhibitor is 50.28% with the optimize concentration 150 ppm. The investigated Triazine inhibitors were proven as the corrosion inhibitors because it can reduces the corrosion rate. Triazine inhibitors are also mixed type inhibitors.;The corrosion rate from Triazine-based inhibitors on API 5-L X60 steel at NaCl 3,5% environtment were investigated using the Tafel Polarization method. The Triazine compounds that successfully absorbed onto steel surface were investigated using the Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR). Triazine?s efficiency depends on the concentration that given onto environtment. The highest efficiency of Triazine inhibitor is 50.28% with the optimize concentration 150 ppm. The investigated Triazine inhibitors were proven as the corrosion inhibitors because it can reduces the corrosion rate. Triazine inhibitors are also mixed type inhibitors. , The corrosion rate from Triazine-based inhibitors on API 5-L X60 steel at NaCl 3,5% environtment were investigated using the Tafel Polarization method. The Triazine compounds that successfully absorbed onto steel surface were investigated using the Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR). Triazine’s efficiency depends on the concentration that given onto environtment. The highest efficiency of Triazine inhibitor is 50.28% with the optimize concentration 150 ppm. The investigated Triazine inhibitors were proven as the corrosion inhibitors because it can reduces the corrosion rate. Triazine inhibitors are also mixed type inhibitors. ]"

"Kemampuan inhibitor Triazine dalam menginhibisi baja karbon API-5L X60 dalam lingkungan NaCl 3.5% diinvestigasi dengan menggunakan metode Polarisasi Linier Linier Polarization Resistance (LPR) dalam berbagai variasi konsentrasi. Konsentrasi yang digunakan pada penelitian kali ini adalah 0 ppm, 50 ppm, 10 ppm, 150 ppm, 200 ppm, dan 250 ppm. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi optimum dalam menurunkan laju korosi terdapat pada 150 ppm dengan laju korosi sebesar 0,4457841 mm/year, sedangkan nilai Rp terus meningkat dan optimum pada konsentrasi 250 ppm dengan nilai sebesar 838,85 Ohm. Kurva laju korosi vs konsentrasi inhibitor menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi optimum inhibitor Triazine dalam menurunkan laju korosi terdapat pada konsentrasi 150 ppm. Efisiensi terbesar terdapat pada konsentrasi 150 ppm dengan nilai 63,94% dan berdasarkan Rp nilai efisiensi optimum pada konsentrasi 250 ppm dengan nilai sebesar 55,16%. Kinerja inhibitor pada pengujian ini masih kurang baik karena masih jauh dari efisiensi inhibitor yang baik yaitu rentang nilai 85-90%.

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The performance of Triazine based commercial corrosion inhibitor on carbon stel API 5L X60 on NaCl 3.5 % solution was investigated using Linear Polarization Resistance Method or LPR. The Inhibitor concentration that used in this experiment were 0 ppm, 50 ppm, 100 ppm, 150 ppm, 200 ppm, and 250 ppm. Experimental results showed that the optimum concentration to decrease the corrosion rate is 150 ppm with the corrosion rate in 0,4457841 mm/year , while the optimum polarization resistance is 838,85 Ohm at 250 ppm. The plot of corrosion rate vs inhibitor concentration show the optimum Triazine inhibitor concentration for decreasing corrosion rate is 150 ppm. There optimum efficiency at a concentration of 150 ppm of 63.94 % and Rp optimum efficiency at a concentration of 250 ppm of 55.16 % . Inhibitor performance is still not good because it is still far from a good inhibitor efficiency is 85-90 % range of values."

"[Logam merupakan kebutuhan utama dari infrastruktur pada industri. Korosi pada logam merupakan suatu hal yang tidak dapat dihindari, dan seringkali menjadi penyebab utama kegagalan dalam berbagai industri, terutama industri minyak dan gas yang berada di lepas pantai. Pemilihan material yang sesuai dapat mencegah terjadinya korosi pada industri, sehingga meminimalisir penggantian komponen dalam waktu yang singkat.Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mempelajari perilaku korosi pada pipa baja tahan karat austenitik 316L pada lingkungan NaCl yang bervariasi. Parameter elektrokimia dievaluasi dengan menggunakan metode polarisasi siklik untuk mengetahui perilaku korosi yang terjadi pada lingkungan NaCl. Pemanasan dilakukan untuk mendapatkan perbedaan bentuk mikrostruktur dari keadaan awal. Kemudian diuji didalam lingkungan NaCl 3,5% yang memiliki kelarutan oksigen tertinggi dan bandingkan dengan logam yang tidak dipanaskan pada konsentrasi yang sama.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketahanan korosi berubah berdasarkan konsentrasi NaCl, logam paling tahan dengan korosi pada NaCl 1%, dan paling lemah ketahanannya pada NaCl 3,5%. Perubahan mikrostruktur yang menjadi lebih tidak seragam dan kemunculan sensitasi menurunkan ketahanan korosi. Dari hasil polarisasi siklik didapati bahwa mekanisme korosi pada lingkungan NaCl adalah korosi sumuran.

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Steels are basic needs for industrial infrastructure. Corrosion in steels can?t be avoided and often plays a role as a major cause of failure in industries, especially offshore oil and gas. Proper material selection is one of the best ways to prevent corrosion and minimize component replacement caused by corrosion.This study investigates corrosion behaviour of austenitic stainless steel 316L in various NaCl solutions. Electrochemical parameter is evaluated by cyclic polarization, and also to determine which corrosion behaviour has occurred. Heat is given to obtain different microstructure shapes from the initial one. Then tested in 3.5% NaCl solution and compared to the un-heated with the same solution concentration.The results shown that corrosion resistance affected by Chloride presence, with 1% concentration was the strongest, and 3.5% was the most susceptible. Microstructure transformation to more un-uniform than before heated, and presence of sensitization decreases the corrosion resistance. From the cyclic curve, it is known that the corrosion behaviour that occurred was pitting corrosion., Steels are basic needs for industrial infrastructure. Corrosion in steels can’t be avoided and often plays a role as a major cause of failure in industries, especially offshore oil and gas. Proper material selection is one of the best ways to prevent corrosion and minimize component replacement caused by corrosion.This study investigates corrosion behaviour of austenitic stainless steel 316L in various NaCl solutions. Electrochemical parameter is evaluated by cyclic polarization, and also to determine which corrosion behaviour has occurred. Heat is given to obtain different microstructure shapes from the initial one. Then tested in 3.5% NaCl solution and compared to the un-heated with the same solution concentration.The results shown that corrosion resistance affected by Chloride presence, with 1% concentration was the strongest, and 3.5% was the most susceptible. Microstructure transformation to more un-uniform than before heated, and presence of sensitization decreases the corrosion resistance. From the cyclic curve, it is known that the corrosion behaviour that occurred was pitting corrosion.]"

"Mekanisme inhibisi korosi dari inhibitor berbahan dasar triazine pada baja API 5L Grade X60 di lingkungan NaCl 3,5% diinvestigasi dengan menggunakan metode model adsorpsi yang didapat dari hasil pengujian Tafel Polarisasi, Linier Polarisasi dan Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) dengan menggunakan variasi konsentrasi 0 ppm, 50 ppm, 100 ppm, 150 ppm, 200 ppm dan 250 ppm. Senyawa triazine yang teradsorpsi pada permukaan logam diinvestigasi dengan menggunakan pengujian Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR). Hasilnya didapatkan bahwa proses adsorpsi inhibitor triazine terjadi secara spontan mengikuti mode adsorpsi Langmuir isoterm. Berdasarkan nilai Nilai Goads berada pada rentang -11.0697 kJ/mol sampai -19.7833 kJ/mol menunjukkan bahwa inhibitor triazine menginhibisi korosi dengan cara adsorpsi fisika (interaksi elektrostatis antara muatan molekul inhibitor dengan muatan permukaan logam) membentuk lapisan tunggal di permukaan logam sehingga dapat menghambat proses korosi. Besarnya efisiensi inhibisi inhibitor berbahan dasar triazine bergantung pada konsentrasi inhibitor. Efisiensi inhibisi tertinggi diperoleh pada konsentrasi triazine 150 ppm sebesar 68,674% berdasarkan hasil pengujian Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy.

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Corrosion inhibition mechanism of triazine-based corrosion inhibitor on API 5L Grade X60 steel in 3.5% NaCl environment was investigated by using adsorption method from the results of tafel polarization, linier polarization resistance (LPR), and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) tests with 0 ppm, 50 ppm, 100 ppm, 150 ppm, 200 ppm and 150 ppm concentration variation. Triazine compounds which adsorbed on metal surface was also investigated by Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) test. It was found that adsorption process of triazine-based inhibitor occurs spontaneously and follow the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. From the calculation of Goads (around -11.0697 kJ/mol to -19.7833 kJ/mol), it indicates that the inhibitor inhibited corrosion by physisorption (involving electrostatic attraction between the charged of inhibitor molecules and the charged of metal surface) to form a monolayer on the metal surface so that corrosion will be obstructed. Inhibition efficiency of triazine-based inhibitor was concentration dependent. The optimum inhibition efficiency is 68,674% in 150 ppm concentration of triazine as a result of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy test."

"Korosi kerap menjadi masalah dalam pemipaan untuk industri minyak dan gas bumi. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut diciptakanlah material yang dapat menahan laju korosi, salah satunya adalah baja tahan karat duplex. Namun, baja tahan karat duplex masih rentan terkena korosi lokal di lingkungan yang terdapat ion klorida. Selain itu, pipa-pipa yang digunakan untuk mengalirkan produk industri minyak dan gas bumi dirangkai menggunakan metode las yang dapat merubah konten ferit yang dapat mempengaruhi ketahanan pipa terhadap korosi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mempelajari pengaruh konsentrasi NaCl dan pengaruh perubahan konten ferit terhadap korosi duplex 2205 menggunakan metode polarisasi siklik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa baik konsentrasi NaCl dan perubahan konten ferit memberi pengaruh pada korosi duplex 2205. Konsentrasi NaCl yang memiliki korosi paling besar adalah konsentrasi 3,5% NaCl. Peningkatan fasa austenit pada baja akan memperkuat ketahanan korosi dari baja tahan karat duplex.

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Corrosion become the problem in pipeline for oil and gas industry. To handle this problem, materials that stainless was made, one of them is duplex stainless steel. However, duplex stainless steel can be corroded by localized corrosion in environment that contain chloride ion. More over, pipes which used to stream the product of oil and gas industry is joint by welding which can affect the ferric content that can change the pipe?s resistance of corrosion.

This study was conducted to study the effect of NaCl concentration and the effect of change of ferrite content to corrosion of duplex 2205. This study shows that both of NaCl concentration and change of ferrite content have affect the corrosion of duplex 22015. 3.5% NaCl is the most corrosive environment. The increase of austenite phase will increase the corrosion resistance of duplex stainless steel."

"Kemampuan inhibitor triazine dalam menginhibisi baja karbon API 5L X60 dalam lingkungan NaCl 3.5% diinvestigasi dengan menggunakan metode Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) dalam berbagai variasi konsentrasi. Konsentrasi yang digunakan pada pada penelitian kali ini adalah 0 ppm, 50 ppm, 100 ppm, 150 ppm, 200 ppm, 250 ppm. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa ketika melewati konsentrasi optimum (150 ppm), nilai Rct dan efisiensi inhibitor akan berada pada nilai yang konstan, yang masing-masing nilainya adalah 581 Ω dan 68.6 %. Plot impedansi vs frekuensi yang ditunjukkan oleh kurva Bode Modulus mendukung hasil analisis data sebelumnya yang menunjukkan nilai ketahanan pada konstrasi 150 ppm memiliki ketahanan yang paling besar pada frekuensi rendah maupun tinggi.

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The performance of Triazine based commercial corrosion inhibitor on carbon steel API 5L X60 on NaCl 3.5% solutions was investigated using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy methods. Inhibitor concentration which used in these experiments was 0 ppm, 50 ppm, 100 ppm, 150 ppm, 200 ppm, and 250 ppm. Experimental results showed that when the concentration is above the optimum?s one (150 ppm), Rct and inihibitor efficiency value would be on a constant value, which each value is 581 Ω and 68.6 %. Plot of impedance vs frequency which showed by Bode Modulus curve support the previous data analysis, that the impedance value on 150 ppm had the highest impedance, at the low and high frequency."

"Kebijakan sistem zonasi digunakan dalam proses penyeleksian penerimaan peserta didik baru (PPDB) untuk jenjang pendidikan SMP dan SMA yang diselenggarakan oleh negara. Tujuan kebijakan ini sebagai upaya pemerintah dalam melakukan pemerataan pendidikan di Indonesia untuk menghapus stigma eklusivitas sekolah unggulan dan sekolah non-unggulan. Dalam pelaksanaan penerimaan peserta didik baru tahun 2017 dan tahun 2018 masih ditemukan tindak kejahatan; tindak jual-beli kursi, kasus pungutan liar dan kasus pemalsuan Surat Keterangan Tidak Mampu (SKTM) yang baru muncul sejak diterapkan PPDB sistem zonasi. Dalam penulisan ini menggunakan Routine Activity Theory untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis bagaimana peluang membentuk beberapa kasus kejahatan dalam proses pelaksanaan PPDB. Pengumpulan data diperoleh dari berbagai sumber laporan dan berita, serta wawancara. Hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa peluang kejahatan terbentuk akibat rentannya target, para pelaku yang termotivasi untuk melakukan tindak kejahatan dan lemahnya pengawasan yang cakap.

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The school zoning system policy is applied in the process of selecting new student admissions (PPDB) for the level of junior and senior high school education held by the state. The purpose of the school zoning system is one of the government efforts inequitable education in Indonesia to eliminating the stigma of exclusivity in schools. In the implementation of new student admissions in 2017 and 2018, crimes are still found; seat purchases, extortion, and relief letter for students from disadvantaged families (SKTM) Forgery that has emerged since the PPDB zoning system were implemented.

This writing is using the Routine Activity Theory to identify and analyze how opportunities form several criminal cases in the process of implementing PPDB. Data collection is obtained from various sources of reports and news, as well as an interview. The result found that chances of crime formed are due to the vulnerability of the targets, the motivated offenders who willing to commit crimes and lack of capable guardians."

"Dunia industri merupakan bagian yang tidak dapat dipisahkan dari penggunaan logam dan paduannya. Salah satu tantangan terbesar dan terumit bagi industri adalah bagaimana melindungi logam tersebut dari korosi. Baja karbon dan baja tahan karat merupakan material yang umum digunakan dalam industri. Kedua material tersebut memiliki karakteristik yang berbeda. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui mekanisme pembentukan lapisan pasif pada baja AISI 1018 dan baja 316 L dan juga efisiensi dari penggunaan inhibitor Na2S2O3 pada baja AISI 1018 dalam larutan NaCl 3,5%. Adapun pengujian yang dilakukan terdiri dari pengamatan mikroskopik, pengujian kehilangan berat, pengujian polarisasi, pengujian EIS, dan pengujian SEM-EDS. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fenomena pasivasi pada baja AISI 1018 terlihat pada penambahan inhibitor Na2S2O3 2000 ppm dimana terbentuknya dua daerah terjadinya pasivasi, yaitu daerah aktif dan daerah pseudo-pasif pada potensial -0,7 V. Sedangkan pada baja tahan karat 316 L fenomena pasivasi ditunjukkan oleh tiga daerah, yaitu daerah aktif, daerah pasif, dan daerah transpasif. Fenomena pasivasi ini dimulai pada potensial -0,3 V dengan rapat arus 2,51 x 10-4 A/cm2 dan kemudian akan memasuki daerah transpasif pada 0,5 V. Nilai efisiensi inhibitor Na2S2O3 pada konsentrasi 1000 ppm sebesar 23,25%, 1500 ppm sebesar 47,45%, 2000 ppm sebesar 59,78%, dan 2500 ppm sebesar 47,43%.

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The industrial world is an inseparable part of the use of metals and their alloys. One of the biggest challenges for the industry is how to protect the metal from corrosion. Carbon steel and stainless steel are materials commonly used in industry. The two types of materials have different characteristics. This research was conducted to determine the mechanism of the formation of a passive layer on AISI 1018 steel and 316 L steel and also the efficiency of the use Na2S2O3 inhibitor on AISI 1018 steel in a 3,5% NaCl solution. The research conducted consisted of optical microscopy observation, weight loss testing, polarization testing, EIS testing, and SEM-EDS testing. The results of the study indicate that the phenomenon of passivation in AISI 1018 steel was seen in the addition of 2000 ppm Na2S2O3 inhibitor where the formation of two regions of passivation, namely the active region and the pseudo-passive region at a potential of -0,7 V. Meanwhile, in SS 316 L steel, the passivation phenomenon is indicated by three regions, namely the active region, passive region, and transpassive region. This passivation phenomenon starts at a potential of -0,3 V with a current density of 2,51 x 10-4 A/cm2 and will enter the transpassive region at 0,5 V. The efficiency values of Na2S2O3 inhibitor at concentrations of 1000 ppm is 23,25%, 1500 ppm is 47,45%, 2000 ppm is 59,78%, and 2500 ppm is 47,43%."

"Proses magmatisme berkaitan dengan jalur tektonik ring of fire, yang menyebabkan proses mineralisasi hidrotermal sehingga membentuk potensi sumber daya mineral di Indonesia. Salah satu endapan hidrotermal yaitu endapan epitermal sulfidasi rendah yang berada di Lapangan “RD”, Cibaliung. Struktur patahan menjadi pengontrol sistem epithermal sulfidasi rendah sebagai tempat terendapkannya mineral emas. Integrasi data geologi dengan geofisika diperlukan dalam menentukan struktur pengontrol dan zona potensi mineralisasi. Mineral bijih sulfida dapat dibedakan dari sifat kemagnetan dan kelistrikan dikarenakan mineral logam memiliki respon suseptibilitas, resistivitas dan chargeabilitas lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan mineral non-logam. Zona potensi mineralisasi emas sulfidasi rendah berada pada zona struktur yang didominasi alterasi argilik dan kaya akan mineral sulfida pada alterasi argilik ilitik dengan nilai suseptibilitas menengah hingga tinggi kisaran -83.7 nT – 92.3 nT, resistivitas dengan nilai rendah hingga menengah 0 – 25 ohm.m dan chargeabilitas dengan nilai menengah hingga tinggi 15 - >75 msec. Dari ketiga parameter tersebut, diduga zona mineralisasi berada pada zona struktur patahan berorientasi Baratlaut-Tenggara. Struktur pengontrol zona potensi mineralisasi tersebut berada di lintasan 3 yaitu patahan D dip 62° ke arah NE dan patahan E dip 83° ke arah NE. Lintasan 4 yaitu patahan D dip 79° ke arah NE, patahan E dip 77° ke arah NE dan patahan F dip 73° ke arah NE. Lintasan 7 yaitu patahan D dip 80° ke arah SW dan patahan E dip 75° ke arah NE. Lintasan 8 yaitu patahan D dip 84° ke arah NE dan patahan E dip 66° ke arah NE. Lintasan 9 yaitu patahan A dip 70° ke arah SW dan patahan B dip 81° ke arah NE.

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The magmatism process is related to the Ring of Fire tectonic pathway, which causes a hydrothermal mineralization process to form potential mineral resources in Indonesia. One of the hydrothermal deposits is an epithermal low-sulfidation deposit in the "RD" Field, Cibaliung. The fault structure controls the epithermal low-sulfidation system as a place for gold mineral deposition. Integration of geological data with geophysical data is required in determining the controlling structure and potential mineralization zone. Sulfide ore minerals can be distinguished from their magnetic and electrical properties because metal minerals have a higher susceptibility, resistivity and chargeability response compared to non-metallic minerals. The potential zone of low sulfidation gold mineralization is located in the structure zone which is dominated by argillic alteration and rich in sulphide minerals in Illitic argillic alteration has medium to high susceptibility values ranging from -83.7 nT - 92.3 nT, resistivity with low to medium values 0 - 25 ohm.m and chargeability with medium to high values of 15 -> 75 msec. From those three parameters, it is assumed that the mineralization zone is located in the NW-SE oriented fault structure zone. The controlling structure for the zone of mineralization potential is in line 3 is fault D with dip 62° to the NE and the E fault with dip 83° to the NE. Line 4 is fault D with dip 79° to the NE, fault E with dip 77° to the NE and fault F with dip 73° to the NE. Line 7, is fault D with dip 80 ° to the SW and the E fault dip 75° to the NE. Line 8 is fault D with dip 84° to the NE and fault E with dip 66 ° to the NE. Line 9 is fault A with dip 70° SW and fault B with dip 81° to NE."

"ABSTRAKLaju korosi dari inhibitor dengan bahan dasar Imidazoline pada baja API 5-L Grade B dalam lingkungan NaCl 3,5% diinvestigasi dengan menggunakan metode polarisasi Tafel. Senyawa Imidazoline yang berhasil teradsorpsi ke permukaan logam diselidiki dengan menggunakan pengujian FTIR. Efisiensi inhibisi inhibitor Imidazoline bergantung pada konsentrasi inhibitor yang diberikan. Efisiensi optimum yang diperoleh 64,80 % dengan konsentrasi optimum 150 ppm. Inhibitor Imidazolin yang diselidiki merupakan jenis inhibitor campuran. Inhibitor Imidazoline juga dikatakan sebagai inhibitor korosi karena terbukti dapat menurnkan laju korosi.

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ABSTRACTThe corrosion rate from Imidazoline-based inhibitors on API 5-L Grade B steel at NaCl 3,5% environtment were investigated using the Tafel Polarization method. The Imidazoline compounds that successfully absorbed onto steel surface were investigated using the Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR). Imidazolin’s efficiency depends on the concentration that given onto environtment. The highest efficiency of Imidazoline inhibitor is 64,80% with the optimize concentration 150 ppm. The investigated Imidazoline inhibitors were proven as the corrosion inhibitors because it can reduces the corrosion rate. Imidazoline inhibitors are also mixed type inhibitors."