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"[ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan kuat rekat geser dan AdhesiveRemnant Index (ARI) dua produk breket metal yang direkatkan dengan satu adesif.Dua puluh gigi premolar atas manusia ditanam pada silinder PVC dengan resinakrilik. Spesimen dibagi menjadi dua kelompok, kelompok A: breket metal 3B, Cina+ Transbond XT; kelompok B: breket metal Protect, Cina + Transbond XT (3M,Unitek, Amerika). Dihasilkan rerata kuat rekat geser 6,09 dan 7,91 MPa padakelompok A dan B (p<0,05) dan nilai ARI: 1 dan 2 pada kedua kelompok (p>0,05).Disimpulkan bahwa dua kelompok memiliki nilai kuat rekat geser yang berbedabermakna dengan kegagalan ikatan bersifat kohesifABSTRACTThe aims of this study were to compare in vitro shear bond strength (SBS)and Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) of two metal bracket products bonded with anadhesive material. Twenty human upper first premolar embedded in acrylic resin.Specimens were divided into two groups, Group A: 3B, China metal bracket +Transbond XT; Group B: Protect, China metal bracket + Transbond XT (3M,Amerika). The mean SBS for Group A and B were 6,09 dan 7,91 MPa and ARI: 1and 2 (p>0,05). It was concluded that the SBS of two groups was significantlydifferent with cohesive bond failure.;The aims of this study were to compare in vitro shear bond strength (SBS)and Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) of two metal bracket products bonded with anadhesive material. Twenty human upper first premolar embedded in acrylic resin.Specimens were divided into two groups, Group A: 3B, China metal bracket +Transbond XT; Group B: Protect, China metal bracket + Transbond XT (3M,Amerika). The mean SBS for Group A and B were 6,09 dan 7,91 MPa and ARI: 1and 2 (p>0,05). It was concluded that the SBS of two groups was significantlydifferent with cohesive bond failure., The aims of this study were to compare in vitro shear bond strength (SBS)and Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) of two metal bracket products bonded with anadhesive material. Twenty human upper first premolar embedded in acrylic resin.Specimens were divided into two groups, Group A: 3B, China metal bracket +Transbond XT; Group B: Protect, China metal bracket + Transbond XT (3M,Amerika). The mean SBS for Group A and B were 6,09 dan 7,91 MPa and ARI: 1and 2 (p>0,05). It was concluded that the SBS of two groups was significantlydifferent with cohesive bond failure.]"

"Modelling wax is an auxiliary material in acrylic denture fabrication. This material should have standard quality. Many local and imported brand of modelling waxes are distributed in Yogyakarta. The aim of this study is to examine the quality of modelling waxes in Yogyakarta based on international standard. Seven brand of modelling waxes (Rusco tropical, Cavec Tropical, Ruby, SMIC, Anchor Brand Medium, Anchor Brand Hard, and Anchar Brand Medium) were examined by ISO 12163 (ANSI/ADA No. 24) specification. The spesification which were examined were general requirements (uniform shapes, free from foreign materials, smooth sheets, uniform texture, cohere if softened, and uniform dimension), special requirements (color, odor & flafour, softening, trimming, and flaming), and preparation for delivery requirements (packaging and marking). The modelling waxes were stated fulfil the requirements if all 5 samples of each brands were suitable with the specification. The results showed that one brand (Cavec Tropical) fulfilled general and special requirements, 1 brand (SMIC) only fulfilled general requirements, and 3 brands (Rusco Tropical, Ruby, and Anchor Brand Hard) only fulfilled general requirements. No brand fulfilled preparation for delivery requirements. The conclusion of this study was no brand of modelling waxes distributed in Yogyakarta fulfilled all requirements."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh lama perendaman denture adhesive cream terhadap kuat rekat resin akrilik polimerisasi panas. Krim pada plat akrilik direndam dalam akuades selama 15 detik, 30 detik, dan 60 detik, kemudian kuat rekat diukur dengan alat PASCO-Economy Force Sensor CI-6476. Uji analisis statistik menggunakan Anova one-way. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Kuat rekat meningkat dengan p<0,05 pada perendaman selama 15 detik dan 30 detik, sedangkan kuat rekat menurun dengan p<0,05 pada perendaman selama 60 detik. Disimpulkan bahwa krim yang direndam dalam akuades lebih dari 30 detik tidak dapat meningkatkan kuat rekat resin akrilik polimerisasi panas.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of immersion time of denture adhesive cream in distilled water to the acrylic resin's adhesive strength. Cream on acrylic plate was immersed in distilled water for 15 seconds, 30 seconds, and 60 seconds. Adhesive strength was measured by PASCO-Economy Force Sensor CI-6476. Statistic analysis using one-way ANOVA showed that adhesive strength were significantly increased after immersion in 15 seconds and 30 seconds, and significantly decreased after immersion in 60 seconds. It was concluded that denture adhesive cream couldn't increase the acrylic resin's adhesive strength after immersed more than 30 seconds."

"An experimental laboratory study has been conducted to investigate the effect of temporary zinc oxide eugenol cement on the transverse strength of self-cure acrylic resin. Two groups of resin plates 20x9x1 mm in dimensions were incorporated in the study. Each groups consisted of 31 specimens. On the first group was applied a 0.1 mm thickness of temporary zinc oxide eugenol cement on acrylic which is only partially polymerized. The time we establish here was 30 minutes, thus the zinc oxide eugenol cement was applied 30 minutes following the beginning of the mix. After being stored in a incubator with the temperature set at 37°C for 7 days in water, all the specimens were subjected to load by Shimadzu machine with cross head speed of 0.05 inch/min- Results were analyzed with T-test showing that the two groups differed significantly. It was observed that zinc oxide eugenol cement decreases the transverse strength of self-cure acrylic resin significantly By mathematical equation, 0-03 mm increase in thickness in the experimental group might produce the same strength as the control group."

"Latar Belakang: Prevalensi denture stomatitis pada pengguna gigi tiruan dengan basis cukup tinggi. Tujuan: Mengamati pengaruh kekasaran bahan basis gigi tiruan terhadap jumlah koloni Streptococcus mutans. Metode: Kekasaran spesimen diukur menggunakan surface roughness tester. Spesimen dicelupkan ke dalam eppendorf tube modifikasi berisi Streptococcus mutans dengan durasi inkubasi 12 jam dan 24 jam. Data dianalisis dengan Korelasi Bivariat (Pearson). Hasil: Terdapat hubungan kuat positif antara pemolesan bahan basis gigi tiruan dengan jumlah koloni Streptococcus mutans. Kesimpulan: Penurunan nilai kekasaran permukaan setelah dilakukan pemolesan pada bahan basis gigi tiruan metal, resin akrilik, dan valplast, akan diikuti dengan penurunan jumlah koloni Streptococcus mutans.

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Introduction: The prevalence of denture stomatitis is high in denture wearers.

Objectives: The objective of this study is to observe the effect of surface roughness of denture base materials to the amount of Streptococcus mutans.

Methods: Surface roughness was measured by using surface roughness tester. Specimens were dipped into the eppendorf tube containing Streptococcus mutans and incubated for 12 and 24 hours. Statistical analysis was conducted by Bivariate Correlation (Pearson).

Results: There is a strong positive correlation between polishing denture base material with the amount of Streptococcus mutans.

Conclusion: The decrease in the value of surface roughness after polishing the denture base metal, acrylic resin, and valplast is followed by the decrease in amount of Streptococcus mutans."

"Objectives. The aim of this study was to compare the fracture toughness of a microhybrid and a flowable microhyrid resin composites. Methods. Test specimens (30x15x2)mm made of amicrohybrid and a flowable microhybrid were prepared in a double torsion mould and were then polymerized for 20 seconds using a light-curing device. Taken out from the mould, the specimens were than soaked in disfilled water (37°C) for 1 hour and then fractured in a double-torsion technique. t-Test was used to test significance difference between the microhybrid and flowable microhybrid resin composites. Result. The use of double-torsion technique resulted in crack initition and crack arrest which revealed Klc of 1.14 MN/m3/2 and 1.045 MN/m3/2 for the microhybrid and the flowable microhybrid resin composites, respectively. Both resin composites were insignificantly different in the fracture toughness values showed by t–Test. Conclusions. The present study suggested that there was no significant difference between the microhybrid and the flowable microhybrid resin composites tested. It appreared that filler fraction might not affect the fracture toughness of the resin composties tested."

"Aplikasi asam askorbat 10% meningkatkan shear bond strength resin pada dentin pasca pemutihan gigi. Gigi pasca pemutihan gigi interna merupakan kontra indikasi untuk segera dilakukan restorasi, karena adanya radikal bebas yang masih tertinggal di dalam dentin selama 2-3 minggu dan dapat menggangu adaptasi bahan restorasi resin komposit. Tujuan: Menganalisis pengaruh aplikasi asam askorbat 10% terhadap shear bond strength resin komposit pada dentin pasca pemutihan gigi interna dengan gel H2O2 35%. Metode: Dua puluh tujuh sampel gigi dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok. Grup 1: Dentin dietsa dengan asam fosfat 35%; Grup 2: Dentin dilakukan pemutihan gigi interna dengan gel H2O2 35%, dietsa dengan asam fosfat 35%; Grup 3: Dentin dilakukan pemutihan gigi interna dengan gel H2O2 35%, aplikasi asam askorbat 10% selama 10 menit, dan dietsa dengan asam fosfat35%. Semua gigi percobaan di inkubasi pada 37°C selama 24 jam. Uji shear bond strength dilakukan dengan alat Universal Testing Machine. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara statistik dengan tes Kruskal Wallis dan Mann Whitney. Hasil: Analisis sembilan sampel dari masing-masing grup menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan shear bond strength yang paling banyak terjadi pada Grup 3 (56,04±11,06MPa) dibanding dengan Grup 2 (29,09±7,63MPa) dan Grup 1 (25,55±2,22MPa) dan perbedaannya bermakna secara statistik (p<0,05). Simpulan: Aplikasi asam askorbat 10% pada dentin pasca pemutihan gigi interna dengan gel H2O2 35% dapat meningkatkan shear bond strength resin komposit.

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Restoration of the teeth immediately after bleaching with H2O2 35% is contraindicated due to the remnants of free radical that will stay inside dentin for 2-3 weeks which will compromise the adhesiveness of composite resin. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of 10% ascorbic acid on shear bond strength of composite placed on bleached dentin. Methods: Twenty seven samples were divided equally into three groups. Group 1: dentin was etched with 35% phosphoric acid; Group 2: dentin was bleached with 35% H2O2 followed by etching with 35% phosphoric acid; Group 3: dentin was bleached with 35% H2O2, followed by application of 10% ascorbic acid and etched with 35% phosphoric acid. All samples were then stored at 370C for 24 hours. The Universal Testing Machine was used to measure shear bond strength and the results were analyzed with Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney test. Results: After nine independent experiments, 10% ascorbic acid application on bleached dentin resulted in highest increased in bond stregth (56.04±11.06MPa) compared to Group 2 (29.09±7.63MPa) and Group 1 (25.55±2.22MPa) and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: Application of 10% ascorbic acid to the bleached dentin improved the shear bond strength of resin composite."

"The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the shear bond strength of resin composite materials to dentin by using different bonding agents. Forty human premolars were selected for the study, and cylindrical posts of either Spectrum TPH and Charisma were bonded vertically to a standard flat dentinal area, prepared on the buccal survace. A chisel-shaped shearing blade, attached to the crosshead of a universal mechanical testing machine. The shear bond strengths to dentin of 10 resin composite-dentin adhesive combinations were measured. The results showed that the bond strength values of dentin bonding agents were not significant (p>0.05). It seems important for clinicians to use the combination of resin composite and dentin bonding agent recommended by the manufacturer."

"Efek sandblasting terhadap kekuatan rekat geser veneer indirek resin komposit. Perlekatan antara restorasi veneer indirek resin komposit (VIRK) dengan permukaan email diperoleh dari penggunaan resin semen multi-step (MS). Material self-adhesive dual-cured resin cement (SADRC) dengan satu tahap pemakaian mulai banyak diperkenalkan. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui efek sandblasting (SB) terhadap kekuatan rekat geser VIRK pada email dengan menggunakan resin semen multi-step dan SADRC. Metode: Empat puluh spesimen yaitu bagian bukal email gigi premolar manusia, diratakan dan dipoles menggunakan silikon karbida. Spesimen VIRK dimasukkan dalam ruang Solidilite untuk penyinaran, kemudian dibagi menjadi 2 grup, tanpa sandblasting (n=20) dan dengan sandblasting selama 10 detik (n=20). Selanjutnya direkatkan pada email dengan menggunakan resin semen multi-step (n=10) dan SADRC (n=10). Setelah 2 jam disimpan dalam inkubator, kekuatan rekat geser spesimen diuji menggunakan Universal Mechanical Testing Machine. Data dianalisis statistik dengan uji one-way ANOVA. Hasil: Nilai rata-rata kekuatan rekat geser multi-step tanpa SB (18,95±7,80MPa) dan multi-step SB (19,30±8,21MPa) memiliki perbedaan bermakna dengan SADRC tanpa SB (4,85±2,12MPa) dan SADRC dengan SB (9,57±3,45MPa)(p<0,05). Simpulan: Sandblasting dapat meningkatkan kekuatan rekat geser VIRK pada email yang menggunakan resin semen multi-step dibandingkan dengan SADRC.

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Attachment between restoration and enamel surface in indirect resin composite veneer restoration (IRCV) is obtained using multi-step (MS) resin coment. Recently, a one step self-adhesive dual-cured resin coment (SADRC) was introduced. Objective: To determine the effect of sandblasting on shear bond strenght (SBS) of IRCV to enamel using MS resin coment and SADRC. Methods: Forty specimens of buccal surface of enamel human premolar were used. The specimens were flattened and polished using silicon carbide. IRCV cylindrical specimens were light-cured in Solidilite chamber and were divided into two groups: IRCV without sandblasting (n=20) and with sandblasting for 10 seconds (n=20) and then bonded to enamel using MS (n=10) and SADRC (n=10), respectively. After 24h SBS of specimens were tested using a Universal Testing machine. Data were analyzed statistically by one-way ANOVA. Results: The average SBS value of IRCV without SB and bonded with MS was 18.95±7.80MPa and MS with SB was 19.30±8.21MPa. They were differ significantly with SADRC without SB (4.85±2.12MPa) and SADRC with SB (9.57±3.45MPa)(p<0.05). Conclusion: Sandblasting significantly increased SBS VIRK to enamel using MS resin cement than SADRC."

"Single-step self-etch adhesive systems are the system that combine self etching primer and bonding agent into one step application. This system was developed as the effort to simplified in application prosedures and give a good bond strength of resin composites to dentin surface. The purpose of this study was to examine the bond strength of resin composites with two singlestep self-etch adhesives system (Xeno III and Clearfil Tri-S Bond) to bovine dentin at temperature of adhesive 3ºC, 22ºC and 30ºC. Adhesive was applied to dentin surface (bovine insisivus mandibular dentin) follow by resin composites bonded according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Tensile bond strength of 60 specimens were tested UTM (universal testing machine) after 24 hours storage in aquadest at 37 ºC. The results were analyzed using ANOVA test followed by Tukey’s test (p< 0,05). The bond strength of Xeno III was significantly diffrent from that of Clearfil tri-S Bond, 0,66±0,271, 2,70±1,528, 0,23±0,104 versus 2,07±0,272, 4,77±0,689, 4,39±1,205 MPa at temperature of materials 3ºC, 22ºC and 30ºC respectively. The bond strength of two single- step adhesives system (Xeno III and Clearfil Tri-S Bond) were highest at temperature 22ºC than other temperatures of materials."