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"Tingginya insiden infeksi demam berdarah yang terjadi dan tidak adanya vaksin efektif menyebabkan banyak peneliti mencoba ekstrak tumbuhan sebagai pengobatan alternatif pada virus Dengue (DENV). Curcumin merupakan salah satu ekstrak tumbuhan yang telah dibuktikan memiliki efek antiviral. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah curcumin memiliki efek antiviral pada virus dengue. Oleh karena itu dilakukan tes untuk mengetahui persen hambatan curcumin pada replikasi DENV dan efek cytotoxic curcumin pada sel mamalia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental yang dilakukan di Departemen Mikrobiologi FKUI. Pada penelitian ini terdapat enam kelompok yaitu perlakuan oleh curcumin dengan empat konsentrasi yang berbeda kontrol negatif dan juga Dimethil Sulfoxide (DMSO). Data yang didapatkan dari eksperimen ini akan dianalisis dengan metode T-test. Dari hasil penelitian terlihat bahwa curcumin terbukti dapat menghambat replikasi virus dengue. Pemberian dosis yang lebih tinggi dapat menghambat 100% replikasi virus. Pada saat konsentrasi curcumin diturunkan, maka penghambatan replikasi DENV secara dratis menurun. Dari data tersebut IC50 dari curcumin diperoleh yaitu kurang dari 0.1 µg/ml. Hasil data menunjukkan bahwa efek cytotoxic curcumin pada sel sangat signifikan pada kosentrasi yang tinggi. Pada konsentrasi yang lebih rendah, viabilitas sel terhitung lebih tinggi. Dari data tersebut dapat dihitung nilai CC50 yaitu 3,46 µg/ml. Dengan membandingkan nilai CC50 dan IC50 dari curcumin, didapatkan nilai selectivity index yaitu lebih dari 34. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa curcumin dapat digunakan sebagai antiviral virus dengue di masa mendatang.

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The high incidence of dengue virus infection and also the absence of effective vaccine cause researchers to look up to use the natural extract as the alternative remedy against the dengue virus (DENV). Curcumin is one of the natural extracts that has already proven to have antiviral effect. The objective of this study experiment aimed to see whether curcumin can be used as the antiviral against dengue virus. Several experiments were conducted to obtain the percentage of inhibition of DENV replication and also to determine the cytotoxic effect of curcumin to mammalian cells. This study was an experimental study that had been conducted at Microbiology Departement of Faculty Medicine of Universitas Indonesia. In this experiment, there were six treatment groups such as four different concentrations of curcumin, negative control and Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The data from this study were analyzed using T-test method. From this study, the curcumin had been proven to successfully inhibit the replication of dengue virus. The treatment with higher dose of curcumin could totally inhibit the replication of DENV. When we gave less dose of curcumin, the percentage inhibition dropped significantly. This showed that inhibition by curcumin was in dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, from these data we determined the IC50 of curcumin which was less than 0.1 µg/ml. The CC50 of curcumin was 3,46µg/ml. By comparing the result of CC50 and IC50, we found the selectivity index value was more than 34. From this study, it can be concluded that Curcumin can be used as antiviral against dengue virus in the future."

"[Demam berdarah dengue adalah penyakit yang dikenal di dunia dan disebabkanoleh infeksi virus dengue (DENV). Meskipun prevalensi penyakit ini cukuptinggi, pengobatan infeksi dengue masih terbatas pada pengobatan suportif.Cyclosporine A telah banyak digunakan sebagai pengobatan infeksi Hepatitis C.Virus hepatitis C dan DENV adalah virus RNA dari genus yang sama, yakniflavivirius. Hingga saat ini, masih belum ada pengobatan untuk infeksi DENV,oleh karena itu kami melakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui efektivitasCyclosporine A. Cyclosporine A digunakan sebagai antiviral infeksi DENV.Dalam penelitian ini kami menggunakan DENV serotipe 1 dan Vero Cell untukpercobaan antivirus in vitro. Kami melakukan pengenceran Cyclosporine Amenggunakan Dymethil sulfoxide (DMSO). Kami memaparkan DENV yangdiinfeksikan kepada sel Vero dengan empat konsentrasi aman dari CyclosporineA, yaitu 5 ug/ml, 1 ug/ml, 0,5 ug/ml, dan 0,1 ug/ml, dan DMSO sebagai kontroldari percobaan kami karena fungsinya yang sebagai materi pelarut dariCyclosporine A. Setelah itu, diinkubasikan selama 3 hari untuk mengetahui efekCyclosporine A terhadap replikasi DENV. Setelah masa inkubasi selesai, kamimemeriksa viabilitas sel Vero dengan menggunakan MTS Assay untukmengetahui efek sitotoksik dari Cyclosporine A. Kami memperoleh hasil IC50 dariFocus Assay dan CC50 dari MTS Assay. Kami juga menentukan indeksselektivitas penelitian yang merupakan perbandingan nilai IC50 dan CC50. Daripenelitian ini, Cyclosporine A telah terbukti memiliki aktivitas antivirus terhadapDENV dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 0,4 ug/ml dan CC50 sebesar 68,47 ug/ml.Sedangkan nilai indeks selektivitas adalah 171. Hal tersebut diatas menunjukanbahwa Cyclosporine A merupakan kandidat antiviral terhadap DENV dimasamendatang., Dengue hemorrhagic fever is world-known disease caused by the infection ofDENV. Despite the high prevalence of this disease, the treatment of dengueinfection is still limited to the supportive treatment. Cyclosporine A has beenwidely used as the treatment of Hepatitis C infection. Hepatitis C virus and DENVare RNA virus from the same genus, flavivirius genus. Up until now, there is stillno absolute treatment for DENV infection, thus we conduct this research to checkthe possibility of Cyclosporine A as the treatment of DENV infection. In thisstudy we used DENV Serotype 1 and Vero Cell for antiviral invitro experiment.We then diluted the Cyclosporine A using Dymethil Sulfoxide (DMSO). Wetreated the cells with four different safe concentrations of Cyclosporine A (5μg/ml, 1 μg/ml, 0.5 μg/ml, and 0.1 μg/ml) and DMSO as the negative control toour study because it functioned as the dilution material of Cyclosporine A. Afterthat, we incubated it for 3 days. Once the incubation period finished, we checkedusing Cell Viability Assay and Focus assay. We obtained the result of IC50 fromthe Focus Assay and we obtained the result of CC50 from Cell Viability Assay.We also determined the selectivity index of the study. From this study,Cyclosporin A has proven to have antiviral activity against DENV. The IC50 is 0.4μg/ml, CC50 is 68.47 μg/ml, and selectivity index is 171.]"

"[ABSTRAKDemam berdarah dengue (DBD) adalah penyakit paling umum di negara-negara tropis dan sub-tropis dan ditransmisikan melalui gigitan nyamuk. Namun hingga saat ini, belum ada pengobatan yang spesifik ataupun vaksin untuk DBD. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh Ribavirin pada replikasi virus dengue (DENV). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental in Vitro yang dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Departemen Mikrobiologi. Kami menggunakan sel Vero dan DENV serotype 1 koleksi Departemen Mikrobiologi. DENV, yang kemudian dipaparkan dengan berbagai konsentrasi Ribavirin dengan 6 kali pengulangan. Sebagai pembanding, kami menggunakan DENV yang dipaparkan dengan pelarut yaitu dimetil sulfoksida (DMSO), sedangkan DENV yang tidak dipaparkan dengan ribavirin atau pelarut digunakan sebagain control negative. Uji fokus digunakan untuk menentukan persentasi inhibisi dari replikasi DENV. Untuk menentukan efek sitotoksik dari ribavirin, kami menggunakan MTS assay (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3 arboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium). Ribavirin dengan konsentrasi 5μg/mL, menghambat replikasi virus sebesar 75% jika dibandingkan dengan DMSO. Pada konsentrasi 1 μg/mL, 0.5 μg/mL, dan 0.1μg/mL, ribavirin menghambat replikasi virus masing-masing sebesar 64%, 46%, dan 50% dan secara statistk menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna. Dari data yang didapat dalam penelitian ini, half inhibitory concentration (IC50) adalah 0.25 μg/mL. Hasil uji MTS menunjukkan bahwa half cytotoxic concentration (CC50) adalah 106.83 μg/mL sehingga ribavirin termasuk dalam katagori tidak toksik. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa, ribavirin memiliki inhibisi yang kuat terhadap replikasi terhadap replikasi DENV dan memiliki sitotoksisitas rendah terhadap sel-sel

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ABSTRACTDengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is the most common disease in tropical and sub-tropical countries and is transmitted by mosquito bite. Hitherto, there is still no specific treatment or vaccine for DHF. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ribavirin to the replication of dengue virus (DENV). This study was an in vitro experimental study that was conducted in Microbiology Department Laboratory.We used vero cells and DENV serotype 1 from the collection of Microbiology Department. DENV was exposed with different concentrations of ribavirin with 6 times of repetition. As a comparison, we used DENV that was exposed to diluent which is dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), while DENV that was no exposed to any ribavirin or diluent was used as control negative. Focus assay was used to determine percentage of inhibition of the DENV replication. To determine cytotoxicity effect of ribavirin, we used MTS assay (3-(4,5 dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium). Ribavirin with the concentration of 5μg/mL inhibited virus replication by 75% compared to DMSO. On concetration 1 μg/mL, 0.5 μg/mL, dan 0.1μg/mL, ribavirin inhibited virus replication by 64%, 46%, dan 50%, respectively and statiscally showed significant difference. From the data obtained in this study, the half inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 0.25 μg/mL. The result from MTS assay showed that half cytotoxic concentration (CC50) was 106.83 μg/mL, therefore ribavirin was categorized as non-toxic. In conclusion, ribavirin has a strong inhibition towards the replication of DENV and has a low cytotoxicity to healthy cells., Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is the most common disease in tropical and sub-tropical countries and is transmitted by mosquito bite. Hitherto, there is still no specific treatment or vaccine for DHF. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ribavirin to the replication of dengue virus (DENV). This study was an in vitro experimental study that was conducted in Microbiology Department Laboratory.We used vero cells and DENV serotype 1 from the collection of Microbiology Department. DENV was exposed with different concentrations of ribavirin with 6 times of repetition. As a comparison, we used DENV that was exposed to diluent which is dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), while DENV that was no exposed to any ribavirin or diluent was used as control negative. Focus assay was used to determine percentage of inhibition of the DENV replication. To determine cytotoxicity effect of ribavirin, we used MTS assay (3-(4,5 dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium). Ribavirin with the concentration of 5μg/mL inhibited virus replication by 75% compared to DMSO. On concetration 1 μg/mL, 0.5 μg/mL, dan 0.1μg/mL, ribavirin inhibited virus replication by 64%, 46%, dan 50%, respectively and statiscally showed significant difference. From the data obtained in this study, the half inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 0.25 μg/mL. The result from MTS assay showed thathalf cytotoxic concentration (CC50) was 106.83 μg/mL, therefore ribavirin was categorized as non-toxic. In conclusion, ribavirin has a strong inhibition towards the replication of DENV and has a low cytotoxicity to healthy cells.]"

"[ABSTRAKKasus Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) dan demam dengue (DD) dilaporkan meningkat di seluruh dunia setiap tahunnya, terutama di negara Asia Tenggara termasuk Indonesia Gambaran klinis dari DBD/DD adalah demam, sakit kepala, nyeri otot dan sendi, ruam kulit yang mirip dengan campak, dan hasil lab menunjukkan penurunan jumlah trombosit. Hingga saat ini belum ada antiviral khusus untuk DBD. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh virgin coconut oil (VCO) terhadap replikasi virus dengue (DENV). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental yang dilakukan di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi, Departemen Mikrobiologi, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia. Data yang diperoleh ini berasal dari hasil eksperimen yang dilakukan dengan 6 pengulangan untuk setiap perlakuan yaitu pemberian VCO 5%, 1%, 0,5% dan 0,1%, kontrol negatif dan Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO).Penghambatan replikasi DENV dilihat dengan menghitung titer virus setelah perlakuan VCO. Titer virus dihitung dengan menggunakan metode focus assay. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa IC50 dari VCO adalah kuat, sementara CC50 VCO adalah moderat. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa secara signifikan VCO menghambat replikasi DENV dengan kisaran cukup aman untuk digunakan pada sel dalam dosis terbatas. Penelitian lebih lanjut perlu dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi efek VCO pada replikasi DENV in vivo, sehingga dapat ditemukan kandidat anti DENV di masa mendatang.

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ABSTRACTCases of the Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF)/Dengue Fever (DF) were reported increasing worldwide annually, especially in South Asia counties including Indonesia The clinical features of DF/DHF are fever, headache, muscle and joint pains, a characteristic skin rash that is similar to measles, which lead to thrombocytopenia as a lab result. Until now, specific antiviral for dengue virus (DENV) is not available yet.The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of virgin coconut oil (VCO) to the DENV replication. This research was experimental study and was conducted at Microbiology laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine University of Indonesia. The data that was obtained for this study came from the experimental studied with 6 repeated experiments for each treatment of various concentartion of 5%, 1%, 0.5% and 0.1% as well as negative control and Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO). Inhibition of DENV replication was determined by calculating of DENV titer after treated with VCO. The focus assay was used to calculate the DENV titer. The result showed that IC50 and CC50 of VCO was strong and moderate respectively. VCO was significantly inhibited the replication of DENV with adequate safe range to use for cells within limited dosages. Therefore, we concluded that VCO can be a candidate antiviral for DENV. Next study is needed to evaluate the effect of VCO in vivo, therefore we will find an antiviral of DENV virus in future.;Cases of the Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF)/Dengue Fever (DF) were reported increasing worldwide annually, especially in South Asia counties including Indonesia The clinical features of DF/DHF are fever, headache, muscle and joint pains, a characteristic skin rash that is similar to measles, which lead to thrombocytopenia as a lab result. Until now, specific antiviral for dengue virus (DENV) is not available yet.The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of virgin coconut oil (VCO) to the DENV replication. This research was experimental study and was conducted at Microbiology laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine University of Indonesia. The data that was obtained for this study came from the experimental studied with 6 repeated experiments for each treatment of various concentartion of 5%, 1%, 0.5% and 0.1% as well as negative control and Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO).Inhibition of DENV replication was determined by calculating of DENV titer after treated with VCO. The focus assay was used to calculate the DENV titer. The result showed that IC50 and CC50 of VCO was strong and moderate respectively. VCO was significantly inhibited the replication of DENV with adequate safe range to use for cells within limited dosages. Therefore, we concluded that VCO can be a candidate antiviral for DENV. Next study is needed to evaluate the effect of VCO in vivo, therefore we will find an antiviral of DENV virus in future., Cases of the Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF)/Dengue Fever (DF) were reported increasing worldwide annually, especially in South Asia counties including Indonesia The clinical features of DF/DHF are fever, headache, muscle and joint pains, a characteristic skin rash that is similar to measles, which lead to thrombocytopenia as a lab result. Until now, specific antiviral for dengue virus (DENV) is not available yet.The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of virgin coconut oil (VCO) to the DENV replication. This research was experimental study and was conducted at Microbiology laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine University of Indonesia. The data that was obtained for this study came from the experimental studied with 6 repeated experiments for each treatment of various concentartion of 5%, 1%, 0.5% and 0.1% as well as negative control and Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO).Inhibition of DENV replication was determined by calculating of DENV titer after treated with VCO. The focus assay was used to calculate the DENV titer. The result showed that IC50 and CC50 of VCO was strong and moderate respectively. VCO was significantly inhibited the replication of DENV with adequate safe range to use for cells within limited dosages. Therefore, we concluded that VCO can be a candidate antiviral for DENV. Next study is needed to evaluate the effect of VCO in vivo, therefore we will find an antiviral of DENV virus in future.]"

"[Infeksi dengue (DENV) merupakan salah satu masalah global yang masih dialamihingga saat ini. Diperkirakan 50 hingga 100 juta orang di dunia positif mengalamiinfeksi dengue.Hingga saat ini, tatalaksana infeksi dengue hanyalah berupa terapisuportif dan belum ditemukan pengobatan dan vaksin dengue. SwieteniaMahagoni sudah dikenal dan digunakan sejak dahulu sebagai tanaman obat.Kandungan flavonoid pada tanaman ini diperkirakan memiliki efek antiviral.Untuk itu penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat potensi antiviral terhadap DENVdari ekstrak S. Mahagoni. Pada penelitian ini digunakan beberapa konsentrasiyakni 640 μg/mL, 320 μg/mL, 160 μg/mL, 80 μg/mL, 40 μg/mL, 20 μg/mL, 10μg/mL dan kontrol negatif adalah DMSO. Untuk menentukan hambataninfektivitas dapat digunakan metode Focus Assay sehingga dapat diperoleh nilaiInhibitory Concentration (IC50). Selain itu, untuk dilihat viabilitas sel denganmetode MTT assay sehingga diperoleh nilai Cytotoxic Concentration (CC50).Selain itu ditentukan juga nilai indeks selektivitas yang diperoleh dariperbandingan CC50 dan IC50. Berdasarkan hasil IC50, CC50 dan SI yakni 68,97μg/mL, 434,46 μg/mL dan 6,29, dapat dikatakan bahwa S. Mahagoni memilikiefek antiviral sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai antiviral dengue dimasamendatang.;Dengue infection (DENV) still becomes as global burden. It is estimated 50 to100 million people are positively infected by DENV. The recent management ofthis disease has not been found yet, with the lack finding of medicine and vaccine,the main management takes on supportive care. Swietenia mahagoni has beenused as the herbal medicine since long time ago. The flavonoid extract on thatplant is believed to have antiviral effect. This experiment was conducted toevaluate the antiviral DENV potential of S. mahagoni extract. In this experiment,the concentration was made on various concentration, from 640 μg/ml, 320μg/mL, 160 μg/mL, 80 μg/mL, 40 μg/mL, 20 μg/mL, 10 μg/mL, and DMSO asnegative control. Focus assay was used to determine the infectivity inhibitionwhich results of IC50 (inhibitory concentration), and MTT Assay was used todetermine the cell viability which results of CC50 (cytotoxic concentration).Selectivity index was also resulted by divided the value of CC50 with IC50. Theresults of IC50, CC50, and SI of S. mahagoni was 68,97 μg/mL, 433,46 μg/ml, and6,29 μg/ml respectively, S. Mahagoni has antiviral effect and could be consider tobe used as antiviral to DENV in the future, Dengue infection (DENV) still becomes as global burden. It is estimated 50 to100 million people are positively infected by DENV. The recent management ofthis disease has not been found yet, with the lack finding of medicine and vaccine,the main management takes on supportive care. Swietenia mahagoni has beenused as the herbal medicine since long time ago. The flavonoid extract on thatplant is believed to have antiviral effect. This experiment was conducted toevaluate the antiviral DENV potential of S. mahagoni extract. In this experiment,the concentration was made on various concentration, from 640 μg/ml, 320μg/mL, 160 μg/mL, 80 μg/mL, 40 μg/mL, 20 μg/mL, 10 μg/mL, and DMSO asnegative control. Focus assay was used to determine the infectivity inhibitionwhich results of IC50 (inhibitory concentration), and MTT Assay was used todetermine the cell viability which results of CC50 (cytotoxic concentration).Selectivity index was also resulted by divided the value of CC50 with IC50. Theresults of IC50, CC50, and SI of S. mahagoni was 68,97 μg/mL, 433,46 μg/ml, and6,29 μg/ml respectively, S. Mahagoni has antiviral effect and could be consider tobe used as antiviral to DENV in the future]"

"ABSTRAKLATAR BELAKANG: Demam dengue DD adalah salah satu penyakit infeksi virus yang sering ditemukan di daerah tropis. Di Indonesia, 2014, terdapat lebih dari 100,000 kasus DD dengan beberapa kasus fatal. Virus Dengue Serotipe-2 DENV-2 adalah penyebab tersering komplikasi DD, dan dapat memperburuk prognosis. Hingga saat ini, belum ada antivirus spesifik terhadap DENV. METODE: Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat efektivitas dan toksisitas daun Cosmos caudatus sebagai antivirus DENV. Pada penelitian ini digunakan uji bergantung dosis pada sel Huh7. Toksisitas ekstrak tanaman tersebut diuji dengan MTT assay CC50 . Efektivitas ekstrak tersebut dianalisis dengan focus assay sehingga didapatkan nilai konsentrasi hambat IC50 . Data tersebut kemudian digunakan untuk menghitung Selectivity Index SI tanaman tersebut terhadap DENV-2. HASIL: Ekstrak daun Cosmos caudatus memiliki CC50 sebesar 187.1 g/mL, IC50 sebesar 12.2 g/mL, dan SI sebesar 15.4 KESIMPULAN: Ekstrak daun Cosmos caudatus menunjukkan aktivitas antiviral terhadap DENV-2 dan tidak toksik. Ekstrak daun Cosmos caudatus dapat dijadikan kandidat antiviral di masa mendatang.

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ABSTRACTDengue fever DF is one of the most common viral infections found in tropical regions. In Indonesia, 2014, there were over 100,000 cases of DF, along with several fatal cases. The dengue virus serotype 2 DENV 2 is responsible for most complications in DF and may lead to worse prognosis. To date, there is no specific antivirus for DENV. METHOD The experiment was done to evaluate the effectivity and toxicity of Cosmos caudatus leaf as a DENV antivirus. The experiment used a dose dependant test on Huh7 cells. The plant extract s toxicity was tested with MTT assay CC50 The extract s effectivity was analysed using focus assay, to measure the inhibitory concentration IC50 . The data is then used to find the plant s selectivity index SI on DENV 2. RESULT Cosmos caudatus leaf extract has the CC50 of 187.1 g mL, IC50 of 12.2 g mL, and SI of 15.4. "

"ABSTRAKDengue merupakan penyakit infeksi tersering yang disebabkan oleh virus dengue DENV dan ditransmisikan melalui nyamuk. Sampai sekarang, belum ada antivirus ataupun terapi khusus untuk DENV. Curcuma longa atau yang sering dikenal dengan kunyit merupakan tanaman yang telah diteliti memiliki banyak efek yang baik bagi kesehatan. Penelitian yang berbasis studi eksperimental ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas kunyit sebagai antiviral terhadap replikasi virus dengue. Aktivitas antiviral kunyit terhadap virus dengue diuji bergantung dosis pada sel Huh7it-1. Nilai konsentrasi hambat 50 IC50 didapat dari uji fokus, sedangkan nilai konsentrasi sitotoksik 50 CC50 didapat dari uji viabilitas sel microculture tetrazolium assay MTT assay . Data kemudian dibandingkan untuk menghitung Selectivity Index SI dari ekstrak kunyit. Dari penelitian ini, nilai IC50 yang didapat adalah 40.98 ?g/mL, sedangkan nilai CC50 sebesar 193.01 ?g/mL. Nilai SI dari Curcuma longa adalah 4.7. Dari studi ini dapa disimpulkan bahwa kunyit dapat digunakan sebagai antivirus terhadap Dengue dengan sitotoksisitas rendah dan inhibisi pada dengue cukup efektif.

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ABSTRACTDengue is the most common infective disease caused by dengue virus DENV and transmitted by mosquito. Until now, there is no antiviral or specific therapy for DENV available yet. Curcuma longa or is commonly known as turmeric is a plant that has been studied to have many good effects towards health. This research, which based on experimental study, aims to evaluate the effectiveness of C. longa as antiviral against the replication of Dengue virus. Antiviral activity of C. longa against Dengue virus was examined through dose dependent test on Huh7it 1 cells. Inhibition concentration 50 IC50 acquired from focus assay, whereas cytotoxic concentration 50 CC50 achieved from cell viability assay microculture tetrazolium assay MTT assay . The data was then calculated to determine the selectivity index SI of the C. longa extract. In this study, the acquired value of IC50 was 40.98 ug ml whereas the value of CC50 was 193.01 ug ml. The value of SI of Curcuma longa was 4.7. From this study it can be concluded that C. longa could be used as antiviral against dengue virus with low cytotoxicity and effective inhibition."

"ABSTRACTInfeksi virus Dengue DENV merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan di Indonesia yang hingga saat ini belum memiliki penanganan antivirus yang efektif. Tanaman Garcinia dulcis telah diketahui memiliki aktivitas antikanker, anti inflamasi, antimikroba maupun antivirus.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antivirus ekstrak daun tanaman Garcinia dulcis dalam menghambat replikasi virus Dengue serotipe 2 DENV-2 . Uji dilakukan secara in vitro pada sel Huh 7.5 terinfeksi DENV2 dengan multiplicity of infection 0.5 yang kemudian diberi ekstrak dalam berbagai konsentrasi 20 g/ml , 10 g/ml, 5 g/ml, 2,5 g/ml, dan 1,25 g/ml . Setiap kelompok perlakuan mendapat pengulangan sebanyak enam kali. Laju inhibisi replikasi DENV-2 dinilai melalui jumlah fokus virus yang terbentuksetelah proses immunostaining. Secara statistik, pemberian ekstrak daun Garcinia dulcis pada konsentrasi 20 g/ml , 10 g/ml, 5 g/ml, 2,5 g/ml menunjukkan penghambatan signifikan terhadap replikasi DENV2 p < 0,05 kecuali pada kelompok perlakuan ekstrak 1,25 g/ml p = 0,079 . Hambatan maksimum terlihat pada pemberian konsentrasi 20 g/ml dengan daya hambat replikasi sebesar 52,57 . Kata kunci: antivirus, Garcinia dulcis, virus Dengue.

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ABSTRACTDengue Virus DENV infection remains a health problem in Indonesia without any specific antiviral treatment available yet. Garcinia dulcis has been known to have anticancer activity, antiinflamatory, antimicrobial activity, including antiviral. The aim of this research is to determine the antiviral activity of G.dulcis leaves extract in inhibiting the replication of DENV infection. This study conducted in vitro on Huh7.5 cellinfected by DENV2 with multiplicity of infection 0,5 followed by given the extract of G.dulcis in various concentrations 20 g ml, 10 g ml, 5 g ml, 2,5 g ml, 1,25 g ml . The treatment done in six time repetition to each groups. The inhibiton rate of DENV2 replication was assessed using focus assay after immunostaining process conducted. Treatment of G.dulcis leaves extract at concentration 20 g ml, 10 g ml, 5 g ml, 2,5 g ml shown a significant value inhibiting DENV2 replication p 0,05 , except the concentration of 1,25 g ml p 0,079 was insignificantly inhibits DENV2. Maximum inhibition shown at concentration of 20 g ml, which was inhibit 52,57 replication of DENV2. Keywords Antiviral, Dengue virus, Garcinia dulcis. "

"[Infeksi dengue merupakan penyakit akibat DENV yang terdiri atas 4 serotipe,yaitu serotipe 1, 2, 3, dan 4. Penyakit dengue dapat ditemukan pada lebih dari 100negara di dunia. Indonesia adalah negara dengan kasus DBD tertinggi di AsiaTenggara, dengan angka penderita yang terus meningkat sejak tahun 1968 (58kasus) sampai 2009 (158.912 kasus). Sampai saat ini, tata laksana yang dilakukanadalah terapi suportif berupa pemberian cairan yang diobservasi dengan ketat.Antivirus terhadap DENV belum ditemukan, meskipun sebagian negaramenggunakan obat-obat tradisional dalam menangani infeksi DENV. Padapenelitian ini dilakukan evaluasi efek antiviral ekstrak daun Cinnamomumburmannii sebagai antivirus DENV dengan menggunakan sel Huh7it-1. Ujihambatan infektivitas dilakukan dengan focus assay sehingga didapatkan nilaiIC50 sedangkan uji sitotoksisitas dilakukan dengan MTT assay sehinggadidapatkan nilai CC50-nya. Indeks selektivitas (SI) didapatkan melalui pembagianCC50 dengan IC50 dan merupakan gambaran potensi ekstrak sebagai antivirus.Pada penelitian ini, ditemukan bahwa ekstrak daun C. burmannii dapatmenghambat replikasi DENV-2 dengan IC50 96,07 μg/ml; CC50 346,45 μg/ml; danSI 3,60. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak daun Cinnamomum burmannii kurangpoten sebagai antivirus DENV., Dengue infection is a disease caused by four serotypes of DENV: serotype 1, 2, 3,and 4. Disease caused by DENV can be found in more than 100 countries in theworld. Indonesia is the country with the highest number of DHF cases in South-East Asia, with an increasing number of sufferers from 1968 (58 cases) to 2009(158.912 cases). To this day, supportive therapy by fluid replacement is used totreat DENV infection. No antivirus has been found, even though many countrieshave used traditional medicine to treat dengue infection. In this research,Cinnamomum burmannii, a plant commonly found in Indonesia, is evaluated forits antiviral potency towards DENV using Huh7it-1 cells. Inhibition of DENVinfectivity is measured through focus assay to acquire IC50, while citotoxicity ismeasured by MTT assay to acquire its CC50. Selectivity index (SI) can be foundthrough calculation of CC50 divided by IC50. From this research, it has been foundthat C. burmannii leaf extract is capable of inhibiting DENV-2 replication with96.07 μg/ml IC50; 346.45 μg/ml CC50; and 3.60 SI score. In conclusion, the leafextract of C. burmannii is not very potent as an antivirus towards DENV]"

"Infeksi virus dengue (DENV) masih merupakan masalah di seluruh wilayah Indonesia. Diperkirakan sebanyak 2,5 juta jiwa rentan terinfeksi DENV. Telah diupayakan kontrol transmisi DENV namun tidak dapat menekan transmisi penyakit. Terapi definitif dengue belum ada, padahal kadar virus dalam tubuh berhubungan dengan keluaran keparahan penyakit. Oleh sebab itu, penanganan infeksi DENV dititikberatkan pada antiviral dan vaksin. Achyranthes aspera merupakan tanaman obat yang diketahui mengandung alkaloid, sterol, triterpene, flavonoid, dan kumarin. Tanaman ini menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri, antifungsi, antioksidan dan antiviral terhadap Epstein Barr Virus. Penelitian ini akan memperlihatkan efek ekstrak daun Achyranthes aspera terhadap replikasi DENV in vitro dengan mencari IC50,CC50, dan Selectivity Index (SI). Sel Huh7it-1 diinfeksikan dengan DENV yang telah diberi ekstrak dengan berbagai konsentrasi: 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, 320 μg/ml. Nilai IC50 didapatkan menggunakan metode Focus Assay, sementara CC50 dengan uji MTT. Data kemudian dianalisis dengan uji Kruskall-Wallis. Hasil analisis menunjukkan IC50 ekstrak sebesar 43,29 μg/ml dan CC50 sel tidak terinfeksi sebesar 239,69 μg/ml. Kemudian didapatkan Indeks Selektivitas sebesar 5,53. Hasil uji kemaknaan menunjukkan semua konsentrasi terdapat perbedaan kecuali konsentrasi 20 dan 10 μg/ml. Kesimpulannya, ekstrak daun Achyranthes aspera menunjukkan efek inhibisi terhadap replikasi DENV dan tidak bersifat toksik terhadap sel pada konsentrasi inhibisi, sehingga dapat dikembangkan sebagai antiviral dimasa mendatang.

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Dengue virus (DENV) infection is still a major problem in almost all area of Indonesia. Approximately, 2.5 billion people are vulnerable to be infected. The efforts to control DENV transmission had been done but they are not enough. The amount of virus infecting the body has a positive correlation with the severity of the disease yet definitive therapy has not yet been found. Thus, treatments developed for dengue are mainly focusing on antivirals and vaccines.

Achyranthes aspera is a medicinal plant which contains alkaloid, sterol, triterpene, flavonoid, and coumarine. Previous studies show that the plant has antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant activities as well as antiviral to Epstein Barr Virus.

This research was conducted to evaluate the antiviral potency of Achyranthes aspera through IC50, CC50, and Selectivity Index (SI). Huh7it-1 cells were infected with DENV which had been mixed with extracts in various concentration: 10,20,40,80,160,320 μg/ml. IC50 was determined by Focus Assay while MTT test was used to determine CC50. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test.

The results showed the IC50 and CC50 of the extract were 43.29 μg/ml and 239.69 μg/ml respectively and Selectivity Index 5.53. There was a significant difference (p<0,05) in all concentrations except 20 and 10 μg/ml. The leaf extract of Achyranthes aspera showed inhibition against DENV replication and was not toxic for cells. Thus, it could be developed as antivirals in the future."