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"[Udang kering adalah sumber daya alam Indonesia yang mudah diperoleh dan didugamengandung kalsium yang cukup tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahuikadar kalsium udang (Macrobrachium sp.) dan pengaruh metode preparasi (ovendan non oven) dan isolasi (pengocokan, digesti asam, dan pengabuan) terhadappengukuran kadar kalsium menggunakan AAS dan ISE. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan kadar kalsium tertinggi diperoleh dengan metode isolasi digesti asam,yaitu 7.749 ppm (oven) dan 8.853 ppm (non oven). Terdapat perbedaan hasilpengukuran kalsium antar metode preparasi dan antar metode isolasi. Metodepreparasi berkorelasi kuat dengan hasil pengukuran kalsium. (r2=0,878; p<0,05);Dried shrimps is one of Indonesia?s natural resources which easily obtained andassumed to contain high calcium. This research aims to know the calcium level inMacrobrachium sp. and the effects of preparation (oven and non oven) and isolation(dilution, acid digestion, and ashing) methods in calcium level measurement by AASand ISE. Results showed that the highest calcium level was obtained by aciddigestion isolation which are 7,749 ppm (oven) and 8,853 ppm (non oven). Therewere calcium level differences between preparation methods, and among isolationmethods. Preparation methods have strong correlation with calcium levelmeasurement. (r2=0.878, p<0.05), Dried shrimps is one of Indonesia’s natural resources which easily obtained andassumed to contain high calcium. This research aims to know the calcium level inMacrobrachium sp. and the effects of preparation (oven and non oven) and isolation(dilution, acid digestion, and ashing) methods in calcium level measurement by AASand ISE. Results showed that the highest calcium level was obtained by aciddigestion isolation which are 7,749 ppm (oven) and 8,853 ppm (non oven). Therewere calcium level differences between preparation methods, and among isolationmethods. Preparation methods have strong correlation with calcium levelmeasurement. (r2=0.878, p<0.05)]"

"Udang kering ebi adalah sumber daya alam Indonesia yang mudah diperoleh dengan harga terjangkau dan diketahui mengandung kalsium yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh aplikasi larutan ebi air tawar Macrobrachium sp. dengan pH basa dalam meningkatkan remineralisasi enamel gigi melalui peningkatan microhardness. Aplikasi dilakukan selama 5 menit untuk setiap spesimen enamel sebanyak 26 kali dengan tingkat pH 8, 9, 10. Penelitian ini menggunakan uji kekerasan Vickers Microhardness Tester, Scanning Microscope Electron, dan Energy Dispersi X-Ray Spectrometer untuk mengukur retensi ion kalsium pada permukaan enamel gigi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai kekerasan mikrostruktur permukaan enamel tertinggi diperoleh setelah diberikan aplikasi larutan ebi air tawar Macrobrachium sp. dengan pH 10, yaitu sebesar 390 VHN dengan persentase retensi ion kalsium sebesar 15,18 .Kesimpulan: aplikasi larutan ebi air tawar Macrobrachium sp. meningkatkan proses remineralisasi enamel gigi.

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Dried shrimp ebi is one of the natural resources available in Indonesia that can be easily attained with affordable price. It is also known to contain high amount of calcium. This research rsquo s objective was to analyze the effect of freshwater ebi solution Macrobrachium sp. application with various alkaline pH level in increasing the remineralization of tooth enamel. Application were done for 5 minutes each, 26 times application, using pH level 8.0 to 10.0 respectively. Result analyze were done using Vickers Microhardness test, Scanning Electron Microscope, and Energy Dispersion X Ray. The result of this research showed the highest value of microhardness in enamel surface microstructure was after being applied by freshwater ebi solution Macrobrachium sp. with a pH level 10.0 and a value of 390 VHN with calcium ion retention percentage of 15.18 .Conclusion application of freshwater dried shrimp solution increase the remineralization process of enamel surface."

"[Ebi merupakan udang kering berukuran kecil yang dapat dikonsumsi secarakeseluruhan. Ebi diduga memiliki kadar kalsium tinggi meski belum ada penelitianspesifik pada genus tertentu. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui kadar kalsium padaMetapenaeus sp. secara akurat serta menganalisis pengaruh metode preparasi (ovendan non oven) dan metode isolasi (pengocokan, digesti asam, dan pengabuan)terhadap pengukuran dengan ISE dan AAS. Hasil pengukuran didapatkan kadarkalsium tertinggi 6.769 ppm (oven) dan 7.785 ppm (non oven) dengan isolasi terbaikadalah digesti asam. Terdapat perbedaan serta korelasi kadar kalsium antar metodepreparasi dan isolasi, sehingga disimpulkan kedua metode berpengaruh terhadappengukuran kadar kalsium ebi.;Ebi is dried small sized shrimp consumed as a whole. Ebi is assumed to have highcalcium level even there has been no research on specific genus yet. This researchaimed to know exact calcium level in Metapenaeus sp., analyze the influence ofpreparation (oven and non oven) and isolation (dilution, acid digestion, and dryashing) methods toward ISE and AAS measurement. Results showed highest calciumlevel 6,769ppm (oven) and 7,785ppm (non oven) with acid digestion as best isolationmethod. There were differences and correlation among preparation and isolationmethods; and concluded both methods influenced calcium level measurement in ebi., Ebi is dried small sized shrimp consumed as a whole. Ebi is assumed to have highcalcium level even there has been no research on specific genus yet. This researchaimed to know exact calcium level in Metapenaeus sp., analyze the influence ofpreparation (oven and non oven) and isolation (dilution, acid digestion, and dryashing) methods toward ISE and AAS measurement. Results showed highest calciumlevel 6,769ppm (oven) and 7,785ppm (non oven) with acid digestion as best isolationmethod. There were differences and correlation among preparation and isolationmethods; and concluded both methods influenced calcium level measurement in ebi.]"

"One of the most important factors in the formulation of effective breeding plans for improving the genetic quality of crops and livestock is a knowledge of the relative contribution made by genes to the variability of a trait under consideration. The variability of phenotypic values for quantitative trait can be partitioned into genetic and non genetic (environment) components.

The heritability is defined as a ratio of additive genetic variances to phenotypic variances. The most important function of the heritability is its predictive role. Heritability value is an expression of the reliability of the phenotypic value as a guide to breeding values.

The edible portion trait of giant freshwater prawn has a high heritability, since most of the phenotypic variability is due to genetic variations. Thus, genetic improvement can be made by selecting individuals with preferred phenotype because the offspring-parent correlation should be high. This is called mass selection or individual selection, but it is actually based on the individual's own performance record or phenotype.

The giant freshwater prawn population from Cimanuk (Tanjung Air, West Jawa), Cimandiri (Pelabuhan Ratu, West Jawa) and Walanae (Maros, South Sulawesi), obtained from natural habitat, were used in this study. The determination of heritability were conducted on several charater i.e. carapace length, standard length, dressing perecentage, edible portion and weight. The determination of heritability was based on regression between parents and offsprings. Structure of selection was conducted by individual selection. Parental stocks were selected based on individual breeding value. Natural breeding were used for first and second progeny.

Larvae were reared of eggs originated from individual female that had been mated to double males. Female were reared in 200-litre concrete tanks and newly hatched larvae were placed in 50-litre conical tanks. Water was recirculated through the tanks. The duration of rearing the larvae was 35 days.

Fingerlings were reared in cages replaced on 500 m2 earthen pond. Grow-out of juveniles were reared on 100 m2 earthen ponds. Juveniles were fed pellets with 30 % protein content. The duration of grow-out was 3 months.

The results showed that the heritability values of carapace length, standard length, weight, dressing percentage, and edible portion trait were in the level of medium to high. These suggest that giant freshwater prawn populations from Cimanuk, Cimandiri and Walanae are responsive to selection. Indeed, individual selection on edible portion trait show a positive response to selection. Therefore, selection programme can be utilized for genetic improvement of giant freshwater prawn.

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Heritabilitas merupakan rasio antara keragaman aditif dan keragaman fenotipe. Fungsi penting dari heritabilitas adalah bersifat prediktif pada generasi berikutnya. Nilainya dapat memperlihatkan nilai fenotipe yang pada akhirnya dapat digunakan sebagai breeding value . Nilai heritabilitas edible portion trait cukup tinggi pada udang galah. Oleh karena itu, program seleksi dapat diterapkan untuk meningkatkan mutu genetik udang galah.Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan populasi udang dari Cimanuk (Tanjung Air, Jawa Barat), Cimandiri (Pelabuhan Ratu, Jawa Barat), dan Walanae (Maros, Sulawesi selatan) yang di koleksi dari alam.Penentuan heritabilitas dilaksanakan pada beberapa karakter yaitu panjang karapas, panjang standar, berat, dressing percentage, dan edible portion. Penetapan nilai heritabilitas didasarkan atas perbandingan antara induk dengan keturunannya. Struktur seleksi yang dilakukan adalah seleksi individu. Untuk memilih induk udang digunakan breeding value.Untuk memproduksi keturunan F, dan F2 dilakukan pemijahan secara alami. Pemeliharaan larva udang dilakukan dengan menggunakan sistem air jernih. Untuk menghasilkan udang ukuran juvenil dan pembesaran udang, dilakukan di kolam tanah.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai heritabilitas pada karakter panjang karapas (0,68 - 0,86), panjang standar (0,43 - 0,90), berat tubuh (0,85?0,97), dressing percentage (0,49 - 0,95) dan edible portion trait (0,46- 0,67) memperlihatkan nilai medium sampai tinggi. Hasil yang diperoleh ini dapat di interpretasikan bahwa populasi udang dari Cimanuk, Cimandiri dan Walanae memperlihatkan indikasi respon yang positif, jika karakter-karakter tersebut akan di seleksi. Implementasi struktur seleksi individu pada edible portion trait populasi udang galah tersebut memberikan respon yang positif."

"Ikan tawar lele banyak dibudidayakan di Kota Depok. Selain karena kondisi fisik yang mendukung, budidaya ikan lele dinilai lebih mudah dan cepat bila dibandingkan dengan budidaya ikan air tawar lainnya. Luas kolam budidaya di Depok semakin menurun dari tahun 2005 - 2007, namun produksinya terus meningkat. Hal tersebut menandakan produktivitas yang meningkat pada periode tersebut.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pola keruangan budidaya ikan air tawar lele di Kota Depok berdasarkan jarak dari hulu sungai. Sungai yang akan dianalisis adalah sungai Angke, Pesanggrahan dan Ciliwung. Kemudian akan dianalisis mengenai hubungan produtivitas dengan jarak dari hulu sungai dengan menggunakan analisis statistik dan keruangan. Selain itu akan dilihat pula kaitan produktivitas dengan teknologi budidaya ikan. Sehingga akan menghasilkan pola keruangan produktivitas budidaya ikan air tawar lele di Depok.Hasil yang didapat adalah semakin jauh jarak lokasi budidaya ikan lele dari hulu sungai, semakin kecil produktivitasnya. Dari tiga variabel teknologi pertanian, hanya variabel jenis pakan yang memiliki beda rata-rata produktivitas ikan lele yang signifikan. Variabel jenis pakan memiliki korelasi positif dengan produktivitas budidaya ikan lele.

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Many Freshwater Fish (Clarias sp.) has cultivated in Depok City. Beside supported by physical landscape which suitable for Clarias sp., Clarias sp. cultivation was easier dan faster to take care than another fish freshwater cultivation. The area of fishpond in Depok was decrease from 2005 until 2007, but the production was increase in the same period.

The goal of this reaserch is to know about spatial pattern of freshwater fish (Clarias sp.) cultivation productivity in Depok City which based on length from upper course of river. The river that will be analysis are Angke, Pesanggrahan, and Ciliwung. After that, will be analysed about correlation between productivity and length from upper course of river, with statistical and spatial analysis. The next step is will be analysed about correlation between productivity and freshwater fish cultivation technology.

The result of this research is more far the Clarias sp.cultivation location from upper course, the Clarias sp. productivity is more deacrease. From three freshwater fish cultivation technology variables, just feed variable that has positive correlation with productivity."

"Penelitian keragaman genetik udang mantis di Perairan Pelabuhan ratu dan Cirebon telah dilakukan pada bulan Februari ndash; November 2016. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaman genetik udang mantis di perairan Pelabuhan ratu dan Cirebon. Identifikasi udang mantis menggunakan karakter morfologi dan DNA barcoding dengan menggunakan Cytochrome oksidase sub unit I COI . Analisis karakter morfologi menggunakan software PAST v.3.14 Paleontological Statistics dengan metode cluster. Rekonstruksi pohon filogenetik menggunakan software MEGA 6 dengan metode Neighbour Joining berdasarkan model Tamura-3 paramater dengan bootstrap 1000 kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa stomatopoda yang ditemukan dari lokasi pengambilan sampel terdiri atas Harpiosquilla harpax, Oratosquilla oratoria, Oratosquillina gravieri dan Harpiosquilla annandalei. Rata-rata kelimpahan larva Stomatopoda di perairan Cirebon pada stasiun I, II, III dan IV masing-masing 0,047; 0,018; 0,003 dan 0,003 ind/m3sedangkan larva di perairan Pelabuhan ratu hanya ditemukan di stasiun IV sebanyak 0,003 ind/m3. Hasil dendogram karakter morfometrik terdiri atas tiga kelompok, yaitu kelompok H. harpax Cirebon - H.harpax Pelabuhan ratu , kelompok O. oratoria-H. annandalei, dan kelompok O. gravieri. Kesamaan pada kelompok H. harpax dari Cirebon dan Pelabuhan ratu sebesar 94,5 sedangkan H. annandalei ndash; O.oratoria sebesar 92,5 . Hasil rekonstruksi filogenetik yang dibentuk berdasarkan sekuen yang sudah dicocokkan pada Gene bank yaitu terdiri atas 2 genus yaitu Harpiosquilla dan Oratosquilla.

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The study of genetic diversity mantis shrimp in the Pelabuhan Ratu and Cirebon waters was conducted in February November 2016. This study aimed to determine the genetic diversity of the mantis shrimp in the Pelabuhan Ratu and Cirebon waters. Mantis shrimp was identified using morphological characters and DNA barcoding used Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I COI . Analysis character morphological were done using PAST software v.3.14 Paleontological Statistics cluster method. Reconstruction of the phylogenetic tree used MEGA software 6 with Neighbour Joining method based on the model of Tamura 3 parameters by bootstrapping 1000 times. The results showed that stomatopods found from sampling sites consist of Harpiosquilla harpax, Oratosquilla oratoria, Oratosquillina gravieri and Harpiosquilla annandalei. The average abundance of larvae stomatopoda were found in Cirebon waters at station I, II, III and IV 0,047 0,018 0.003 and 0.003 ind m3, respectively, while in the Pelabuhan ratu water fourth station were found as much as 0,003 ind m3. Dendogram of morphometric character consists of three groups, namely H. harpax Cirebon H. harpax Pelabuhan ratu , O. Oratoria H. annandalei group, and the group O. gravieri. Similarities were found H.harpax group of Cirebon and Pelabuhan Ratu as much as 94.5 while H. annandalei O. oratoria was 92.5 . The results of phylogenetic reconstruction were formed by sequences that have been matched in the Gene bank which consists of two genera, Harpiosquilla and Oratosquilla."

"ABSTRACTBudidaya tambak udang merupakan salah satu pemanfaatan sumber daya wilayah pesisir. Udang sebagai salah satu komoditas andalan ekspor dalam bidang perikanan, membuat masyarakat pesisir utara Pulau Jawa termasuk Kabupaten Brebes mengusahakan tambak udang secara besar-besaran. Data statistik volume udang sampai tahun 2016 menyatakan bahwa produksi udang di Kabupaten Brebes mengalami fluktuasi yang tidak menentu. Untuk mengetahui penyebab perubahan produksi udang tersebut, penelitian dilakukan dalam membandingkan faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi produksi udang. Faktor yang dapat diteliti mengacu pada pengelolaan budidaya dan kualitas lingkungan. Data yang digunakan adalah data citra Quickbird 2015 untuk menentukan lokasi tambak udang, data produksi budidaya udang, data komunitas petani udang, dan pengelolaan budidaya udang berwawasan lingkungan. Hasil pengolahan data analisis regresi linier berganda dan analisis deskriptif spasial menunjukkan wilayah dengan kualitas kurang baik berada di bagian selatan Kabupaten Brebes karena terdapat aktivitas industri, ladang pertanian bawang, dan limbah rumah tangga dengan jarak 2000 m dari aktivitas industri, ladag/kebun, dan limbah rumah tangga, sehingga biaya produksi budidaya udang lebih rendah.

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ABSTRACTShrimp farming is one of the coastal resource utilization. Shrimp as one of the mainstay commodities exports in the field of fisheries, making the coastal communities of Java Island, including Brebes Regency mengusahakan shrimp ponds on a large scale. Shrimp volume statistic data until 2016 states that shrimp production in Brebes Regency is fluctuated erratically. To find out the cause of change of shrimp production, research done in comparing factor that can influence shrimp production. Factors that can be examined refers to the management of cultivation and environmental quality. The data used are Quickbird 2015 image data to determine the location of shrimp ponds, shrimp farming production data, shrimp farmer community data, and environmental management of shrimp farming. Results of multiple linear regression analysis and spatial descriptive analysis indicate that areas with poor quality are located in the southern part of Brebes Regency because there are industrial activities, onion farming, and household waste with a distance 2000 m from industrial activities, ladag garden, and household waste, so that the production cost of shrimp culture is lower.Keywords Environmental Quality, Management Value, Production, Shrimp Pond."

"Indonesia memiliki potensi sumber daya ikan hias yang sangat besar jumlahnya serta memiliki nilai ekonomis tinggi. Ikan hias mempunyai kemampuan hidup pada lingkungan yang beragam. Sebagian orang menggunakan batu karang sebagai cara alami untuk meningkatkan nilai pH air.Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi konsentrasi batu karang yang digerus, serta konsentrasi optimumnya terhadap perubahan nilai pH air. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Maret hingga April 2009 di Badan Riset Kelautan dan Perikanan Depok. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui komposisi optimal penambahan batu karang, dalam hal ini batu karang yang telah digerus untuk dapat menaikkan pH.Satu liter air tawar dimasukkan ke dalam bejana. Kemudian diberi perlakuan dengan penambahan gerusan batu karang dengan variasi konsentrasi sebagai berikut; 1 (blanko): 0 mg/L ; 2,5 x 105 mg/L; 5,0 x 105 mg/L; 7,5 x 105 mg/L; 106 mg/L. Rancangan percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan lima perlakuan dan empat kali ulangan. Pengamatan dilakukan dengan pengukuran kualitas air pada pagi dan sore hari untuk parameter pH, temperatur, DO, dan konduktivitas. Penentuan pH dilakukan menggunakan pH-meter, DO dan temperatur menggunakan DO-meter, serta konduktivitas menggunakan konduktometer.Dengan pengolahan data menggunakan perangkat lunak SPSS (Statistics Product Service and Solution) 12.0 dan Microsoft Office Excel 2007, diketahui bahwa penambahan gerusan batu karang memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap terhadap kenaikan pH pada konsentrasi 2,5 x 105 mg/L. Pada konsentrasi ini, pH air dapat naik hingga 0,6 satuan selama 14 hari."

"The information on fish fauna in Belitung Island is still lacking. The study of ichthyofauna of Belitung Island was conducted in Pebruary-March 2002 and August 2003, using survey methods. The aims of studies are to know species richness, potency, local distribution, and related aspects. The results were recorded 60 species belonging to 27 families. Cyprinidae is dominant family with 13 species. The fishes were found almost have potency of ornamental fish. It was found that Eirmotus octzona, Acanthopsoides robertsi, Pangio shelfordii, Silurichthys hasseltii, Parakysis verrucosa, and Gymnochanda filamentosa extend their range to Belitung (new record for Belitung). Status, potency and utilization of fishes, new records distribution of geography, social economic and conservation aspects are represented in this paper. The information about freshwater fishes from Belitung Island is still rare. Last information was reported by de Beaufort in 1939. The objective of the research is to reveal the diversity of fishes in Belitung Island and to reveal their potency and utilization, distribution, abundance, and related aspect for their management and conservation. The research was conducted at Belitung Island, Province Archipelago of Bangka Belitung, between 2002 and 2003. Location of research in Lenggang River, Buding, Balok, Kembiri, Pala, and Air Raya Gunung Tajam. Survey method is used in this research. Specimens were collected from 21 location in six rivers by electrofishing (12 volt), gillnet (mesh size ½', ¾', and 1'), cast net, and hook. Fish specimens were fixed by using formalin 10% then soaked in alcohol 70%. All specimens are deposited at Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Bogor, as permanent collections. Fish identification was based on Weber and de Beaufort (1916; 1936; 1953; 1965), Inger & Chin (1962), Roberts (1989), Kottelat et al. (1993), and Eschmeyer (1998). In general, these established localities followed the variety of the landscape available such as: primary forest, secondary forest, 'kerangas' forest, agroforestry, villages, and estuary environments. Informal interview was conducted with the villagers especially with those who were familiar with fishing activities. There results were recorded 60 species belonging to 27 families. Cyprinidae is dominant family with 13 species. The fishes were found almost have potency of ornamental fish. It was found that Eirmotus octozona, Acanthopsoides robertsi, Pangio shelfordii, Silurichthys hasseltii, Parakysis verrucosa, and Gymnochanda c.f. filamentosa extend their range to Belitung (new record for Belitung). There were Tengkelesa'/Arwana (Scleropages formosus) in Lenggang River. According to the CITES, Tengkelesa' status is in Appendix I with a note captivity in Appendix II. Scleropages formosus has been protected by regulation, while according to the Governmental Legislation No.7 in 1999. Lenggang River is one of the largest water catchment area in Belitung Island. It has much more variation of riparian habitat than the other river. The number of species and family fish decreased closer to the river mouth. Factor which may influence this are the presence of plant material, the presence of a shading canopy, and the presence dam. The range of local distribution is 0,64-5,13%. Puntius gemellus is widest distributed and most abundanced. Segment of Lenggang River would conserve the continuing populations of Scleropages formosus. This habitat establishing small harverst reserves or fishery reserves (called 'Suaka Perikanan), where local community could manage this reservat could be perfomed. Activities related to this conservation habitat, controlled fishing activity or environmentally sound fishing should be encouraged. In line with the effort to increase individual income in the area, segment of the river from the mouth of the river could function as scientific and/ or adventurous tourism."