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"[ABSTRAKLapangan XXX merupakan lapangan minyak di cekungan Natuna Baratdengan reservoir utama berupa reservoir batu pasir. Ketebalan reservoir padalapangan ini sangat bervariasi sehingga hasil inversi hanya dapat memetakanketebalan reservoir yang mendekati ketebalan tuning.Berdasarkan uji sensitifitas, parameter AI di setiap sumur tidak dapatmembedakan hidrokarbon, sehingga parameter akustik saja tidak dapat diaplikasikandalam karakterisasi reservoir lapangan ini. Namun ketika parameter densitas terpisahdengan parameter kecepatan P, sebaran hidrokarbon dapat dibedakan dengan baik.Kecepatan S tidak tersedia di semua sumur padahal data ini sangat diperlukanuntuk melakukan pengolahan data dengan metode inversi simultan. Oleh karena ituakan dilakukan beberapa estimasi untuk mendapatkan data kecepatan S antara laindengan metode castagna, metode gassmann, metode parsial, metode Xu-White danmetode Lee. Data kecepatan S yang dipakai adalah kecepatan S terbaik yangdiperoleh dari metode Xu White dikarenakan hasil log poisson’s rationya palingmendekati tren kurva saturasi air. Selain itu aspek rasio batuan yangmempertimbangkan nilai porositas dan volume clay, serta kontrol kualitas Vp modeldari metode Xu-White memiliki rasio error minimum jika dibandingkan dengan nilaiVp dari data log.Metode inversi simultan dengan data pre-stack atau partial stackmemungkinkan dilakukannya prediksi parameter Impedansi P, Impedansi S, dandensitas dari data seismik. Selain itu meode inversi simultan dapat dipergunakanmulti wavelet dalam pengolahan datanya. Hasil penampang inversi yang diperolehmenunjukkan bahwa inverse densitas dapat menjelaskan letak sebaran batuanreservoir dan fluida berdasarkan cut off sensitifitas yakni nilai dibawah 2,26 gr/cc.

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ABSTRACTfield is an oil field in West Natuna Basin with sandstone reservoir asprimary target. There was varying reservoir thickness, so the inversion method thatcould only be applied to map reservoir thickness, which close to tuning thickness.Based on sensitivity analysis, Acoustic Impedance parameters couldn’tindicate hydrocarbon appearance for each well, so Acoustic Impedance cannot beapplied for reservoir characterization in this field. Density versus AcousticImpedance could map hydrocarbon appearance.Shear velocity weren’t available where those data was needed for runningsimultaneous inversion method. Predicting velocity shear would be carried out byusing several method such as Castagna, Gassmann, Parsial, Xu-White, and Lee. Thebest estimated velocity shear would be used for inversion, The best estimated shearvelocity from Xu-White method because Xu-White’s poisson ratio log presentssimilar trend with water saturation log (Sw). Moreover, Xu-White’s ratio aspect isalso considering porosity and clay volume value. Based on quality control result, Vpmodel of Xu-White had minimum error ratio compared to Vp from log.Simultaneous inversion with pre-stack and parsial stack data what can be usedfor predicting P-Impedance, S-Impedance, and density from seismic data. Otherwise,this method is also used not only for single wavelet but also multi wavelet. Theinversion result from this study can mapping out the hydrocarbon appearance forreservoir target based on cut off value from sensitivity test of less than 2,26 gr/cc.;X field is an oil field in West Natuna Basin with sandstone reservoir asprimary target. There was varying reservoir thickness, so the inversion method thatcould only be applied to map reservoir thickness, which close to tuning thickness.Based on sensitivity analysis, Acoustic Impedance parameters couldn’tindicate hydrocarbon appearance for each well, so Acoustic Impedance cannot beapplied for reservoir characterization in this field. Density versus AcousticImpedance could map hydrocarbon appearance.Shear velocity weren’t available where those data was needed for runningsimultaneous inversion method. Predicting velocity shear would be carried out byusing several method such as Castagna, Gassmann, Parsial, Xu-White, and Lee. Thebest estimated velocity shear would be used for inversion, The best estimated shearvelocity from Xu-White method because Xu-White’s poisson ratio log presentssimilar trend with water saturation log (Sw). Moreover, Xu-White’s ratio aspect isalso considering porosity and clay volume value. Based on quality control result, Vpmodel of Xu-White had minimum error ratio compared to Vp from log.Simultaneous inversion with pre-stack and parsial stack data what can be usedfor predicting P-Impedance, S-Impedance, and density from seismic data. Otherwise,this method is also used not only for single wavelet but also multi wavelet. Theinversion result from this study can mapping out the hydrocarbon appearance forreservoir target based on cut off value from sensitivity test of less than 2,26 gr/cc., X field is an oil field in West Natuna Basin with sandstone reservoir asprimary target. There was varying reservoir thickness, so the inversion method thatcould only be applied to map reservoir thickness, which close to tuning thickness.Based on sensitivity analysis, Acoustic Impedance parameters couldn’tindicate hydrocarbon appearance for each well, so Acoustic Impedance cannot beapplied for reservoir characterization in this field. Density versus AcousticImpedance could map hydrocarbon appearance.Shear velocity weren’t available where those data was needed for runningsimultaneous inversion method. Predicting velocity shear would be carried out byusing several method such as Castagna, Gassmann, Parsial, Xu-White, and Lee. Thebest estimated velocity shear would be used for inversion, The best estimated shearvelocity from Xu-White method because Xu-White’s poisson ratio log presentssimilar trend with water saturation log (Sw). Moreover, Xu-White’s ratio aspect isalso considering porosity and clay volume value. Based on quality control result, Vpmodel of Xu-White had minimum error ratio compared to Vp from log.Simultaneous inversion with pre-stack and parsial stack data what can be usedfor predicting P-Impedance, S-Impedance, and density from seismic data. Otherwise,this method is also used not only for single wavelet but also multi wavelet. Theinversion result from this study can mapping out the hydrocarbon appearance forreservoir target based on cut off value from sensitivity test of less than 2,26 gr/cc.]"

"[ABSTRAKLapangan XXX merupakan lapangan minyak di cekungan Natuna Baratdengan reservoir utama berupa reservoir batu pasir. Ketebalan reservoir padalapangan ini sangat bervariasi sehingga hasil inversi hanya dapat memetakanketebalan reservoir yang mendekati ketebalan tuning.Berdasarkan uji sensitifitas, parameter AI di setiap sumur tidak dapatmembedakan hidrokarbon, sehingga parameter akustik saja tidak dapat diaplikasikandalam karakterisasi reservoir lapangan ini. Namun ketika parameter densitas terpisahdengan parameter kecepatan P, sebaran hidrokarbon dapat dibedakan dengan baik.Kecepatan S tidak tersedia di semua sumur padahal data ini sangat diperlukanuntuk melakukan pengolahan data dengan metode inversi simultan. Oleh karena ituakan dilakukan beberapa estimasi untuk mendapatkan data kecepatan S antara laindengan metode castagna, metode gassmann, metode parsial, metode Xu-White danmetode Lee. Data kecepatan S yang dipakai adalah kecepatan S terbaik yangdiperoleh dari metode Xu White dikarenakan hasil log poisson?s rationya palingmendekati tren kurva saturasi air. Selain itu aspek rasio batuan yangmempertimbangkan nilai porositas dan volume clay, serta kontrol kualitas Vp modeldari metode Xu-White memiliki rasio error minimum jika dibandingkan dengan nilaiVp dari data log.Metode inversi simultan dengan data pre-stack atau partial stackmemungkinkan dilakukannya prediksi parameter Impedansi P, Impedansi S, dandensitas dari data seismik. Selain itu meode inversi simultan dapat dipergunakanmulti wavelet dalam pengolahan datanya. Hasil penampang inversi yang diperolehmenunjukkan bahwa inverse densitas dapat menjelaskan letak sebaran batuanreservoir dan fluida berdasarkan cut off sensitifitas yakni nilai dibawah 2,26 gr/cc.

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ABSTRACTX field is an oil field in West Natuna Basin with sandstone reservoir asprimary target. There was varying reservoir thickness, so the inversion method thatcould only be applied to map reservoir thickness, which close to tuning thickness.Based on sensitivity analysis, Acoustic Impedance parameters couldn?tindicate hydrocarbon appearance for each well, so Acoustic Impedance cannot beapplied for reservoir characterization in this field. Density versus AcousticImpedance could map hydrocarbon appearance.Shear velocity weren?t available where those data was needed for runningsimultaneous inversion method. Predicting velocity shear would be carried out byusing several method such as Castagna, Gassmann, Parsial, Xu-White, and Lee. Thebest estimated velocity shear would be used for inversion, The best estimated shearvelocity from Xu-White method because Xu-White?s poisson ratio log presentssimilar trend with water saturation log (Sw). Moreover, Xu-White?s ratio aspect isalso considering porosity and clay volume value. Based on quality control result, Vpmodel of Xu-White had minimum error ratio compared to Vp from log.Simultaneous inversion with pre-stack and parsial stack data what can be usedfor predicting P-Impedance, S-Impedance, and density from seismic data. Otherwise,this method is also used not only for single wavelet but also multi wavelet. Theinversion result from this study can mapping out the hydrocarbon appearance forreservoir target based on cut off value from sensitivity test of less than 2,26 gr/cc.;X field is an oil field in West Natuna Basin with sandstone reservoir asprimary target. There was varying reservoir thickness, so the inversion method thatcould only be applied to map reservoir thickness, which close to tuning thickness.Based on sensitivity analysis, Acoustic Impedance parameters couldn?tindicate hydrocarbon appearance for each well, so Acoustic Impedance cannot beapplied for reservoir characterization in this field. Density versus AcousticImpedance could map hydrocarbon appearance.Shear velocity weren?t available where those data was needed for runningsimultaneous inversion method. Predicting velocity shear would be carried out byusing several method such as Castagna, Gassmann, Parsial, Xu-White, and Lee. Thebest estimated velocity shear would be used for inversion, The best estimated shearvelocity from Xu-White method because Xu-White?s poisson ratio log presentssimilar trend with water saturation log (Sw). Moreover, Xu-White?s ratio aspect isalso considering porosity and clay volume value. Based on quality control result, Vpmodel of Xu-White had minimum error ratio compared to Vp from log.Simultaneous inversion with pre-stack and parsial stack data what can be usedfor predicting P-Impedance, S-Impedance, and density from seismic data. Otherwise,this method is also used not only for single wavelet but also multi wavelet. Theinversion result from this study can mapping out the hydrocarbon appearance forreservoir target based on cut off value from sensitivity test of less than 2,26 gr/cc., X field is an oil field in West Natuna Basin with sandstone reservoir asprimary target. There was varying reservoir thickness, so the inversion method thatcould only be applied to map reservoir thickness, which close to tuning thickness.Based on sensitivity analysis, Acoustic Impedance parameters couldn’tindicate hydrocarbon appearance for each well, so Acoustic Impedance cannot beapplied for reservoir characterization in this field. Density versus AcousticImpedance could map hydrocarbon appearance.Shear velocity weren’t available where those data was needed for runningsimultaneous inversion method. Predicting velocity shear would be carried out byusing several method such as Castagna, Gassmann, Parsial, Xu-White, and Lee. Thebest estimated velocity shear would be used for inversion, The best estimated shearvelocity from Xu-White method because Xu-White’s poisson ratio log presentssimilar trend with water saturation log (Sw). Moreover, Xu-White’s ratio aspect isalso considering porosity and clay volume value. Based on quality control result, Vpmodel of Xu-White had minimum error ratio compared to Vp from log.Simultaneous inversion with pre-stack and parsial stack data what can be usedfor predicting P-Impedance, S-Impedance, and density from seismic data. Otherwise,this method is also used not only for single wavelet but also multi wavelet. Theinversion result from this study can mapping out the hydrocarbon appearance forreservoir target based on cut off value from sensitivity test of less than 2,26 gr/cc.]"

"Integrasi data seismik dan data sumur sangat berguna untuk rnelakukan proses karakterisasi reservoar. Kedua data tersebut digunakan pada proses seisrnik inversi untuk mentransforrnasikan data seisrnik menjadi data impedansi akustik. Data impedansi akustik menunjukan sifat tisis dari batuan yang langsung merepresentasikan litologi dari batuan. Pada penelitian ini digunakan metode inversi Constrained Sparse Spike (CSSI) pada lapangan "X" Cekungan Natuna Barat. Hasil yang didapatkan berhasil rnenunjukan daerah impedansi rendah (2500-550 gr/co"?m/S) pada daerah reservoar dengan nilai porositas berkisar antara 0.22-0.32. Analisis terintegrasi dengan menggunakan hasil invemi dan estimasi porositas menunjukan bahwa zona persebaran reservoar terkonsentrasi pada sekitar sumur yang ada dan mengarah ke bagian selatan."

"[ABSTRAKLapangan Athar mulai berproduksi sejak tahun 1975 dengan produksi kumulatif mencapai 900 MMbbls dan RF 50%. Pada tahun 2011 dilakukan akuisisi seismik 3D untuk melihat remaining potential yang ada di lapangan ini. Analisa seismik 3D dengan atribut seismik dan inversi simultan memberikan hasil yang cukup baik untuk menentukan penyebaran batupasir dan hidrokarbon yang ada di dalam nya. Volume densitas hasil inversi, atribut minimum amplitude, dan atribut arc length membantu dalam mengidentifikasi penyebaran reservoar. Lambda-Rho dan AI membantu dalam mengidentifikasi area-area yang mengandung hidrokarbon. Interpretasi struktur di seismik menunjukkan adanya sesar minor, yang sebelumnya tidak teridentifikasi pada seismik 2D. Hasil analisa seismik digunakan dalam pembuatan 3D geomodel. Penentuan batas channel, dan area hidrokarbon di dipandu hasil dari analisa seismik dan data sumur. Empat tubuh channel teridentifikasi dari analisis tersebut, sementara overbank deposit disebarkan secara statistik. Data interpreasi struktur digunakan untuk menentukan jumlah segmen atau kompartemen, dan hasilnya adalah lima segmen selatan dan satu segmen utara terdapat di zona dangkal Lapangan Athar. Hasil pemodelan geologi menunjukkan bahwa segmen 5 menjadi area yang masih memiliki prosepek untuk produksi minyak, sementara segmen 2 memiliki prospek untuk produksi gas.

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ABSTRACTAthar Field start producing since 1975 up to now with cummulative production reached 900 MMbbls and RF 50%. 3D seismic was acquired in 2011 to identify the remaining potential in this field. Analysis of 3D seismic with attribute and simultaneous inversion provide a good result to determine reservoar distribution and hydrocarbon contained. Density cube from inversion, minimum amplutide attribute, anda arc length attribute are used to map the sand distribution. Lambda Rho and AI (Ip) are usefull to identify the remaining hyrocarbon area. Structural interpretation from seismic shows there are minor faults which is not identified before with 2D seismic. The result of the analysis was used to create 3D Geomodel. The channel limit determination, and remaining hydrocarbon area guided by analysis from seismic and well data. As a result, four channel bodies were identified, whilst overbank deposit distributed statistically. Structural interpretation data used to determine the number of segment or compartment, and the result are five segments in the south and one segment in the north identified in the shallow zone Athar Field. The result of geological modeling shows that segment 5 still has prospect in oil production, whilst segment 2 has prospect in gas production.;Athar Field start producing since 1975 up to now with cummulativeproduction reached 900 MMbbls and RF 50%. 3D seismic was acquired in 2011 toidentify the remaining potential in this field.Analysis of 3D seismic with attribute and simultaneous inversion provide agood result to determine reservoar distribution and hydrocarbon contained. Densitycube from inversion, minimum amplutide attribute, anda arc length attribute are usedto map the sand distribution. Lambda Rho and AI (Ip) are usefull to identify theremaining hyrocarbon area. Structural interpretation from seismic shows there areminor faults which is not identified before with 2D seismic.The result of the analysis was used to create 3D Geomodel. The channel limitdetermination, and remaining hydrocarbon area guided by analysis from seismic andwell data. As a result, four channel bodies were identified, whilst overbank depositdistributed statistically. Structural interpretation data used to determine the number ofsegment or compartment, and the result are five segments in the south and onesegment in the north identified in the shallow zone Athar Field.The result of geological modeling shows that segment 5 still has prospect inoil production, whilst segment 2 has prospec in gas production, Athar Field start producing since 1975 up to now with cummulativeproduction reached 900 MMbbls and RF 50%. 3D seismic was acquired in 2011 toidentify the remaining potential in this field.Analysis of 3D seismic with attribute and simultaneous inversion provide agood result to determine reservoar distribution and hydrocarbon contained. Densitycube from inversion, minimum amplutide attribute, anda arc length attribute are usedto map the sand distribution. Lambda Rho and AI (Ip) are usefull to identify theremaining hyrocarbon area. Structural interpretation from seismic shows there areminor faults which is not identified before with 2D seismic.The result of the analysis was used to create 3D Geomodel. The channel limitdetermination, and remaining hydrocarbon area guided by analysis from seismic andwell data. As a result, four channel bodies were identified, whilst overbank depositdistributed statistically. Structural interpretation data used to determine the number ofsegment or compartment, and the result are five segments in the south and onesegment in the north identified in the shallow zone Athar Field.The result of geological modeling shows that segment 5 still has prospect inoil production, whilst segment 2 has prospec in gas production]"

"Metodologi inversi simultan telah dilakukan untuk mendelineasi dan menkarakterisasi reservoir utama pada lapangan “R”, Cekungan Kutei, Indonesia, hasil dari inversi simultan adalah attribute karakter batuan (Vsh,Porositas dan Saturasi air). Namun, hasil yang kita dapatkan pada target sekunder banyak ambigu dan tidak bisa digunakan oleh Interpreter untuk memperbarui moldel bumi. Oleh karena itu, Proses inversi simultan Akan kembali dilakukan menggunakan kontrol sumur yang tersedia untuk reservoir tersebut tetapi dengan wavelet yang berbeda dengan inversi yang pretama. Wavelet yang diekstrak dikontrol oleh jendela waktu antara tiap horizon. Inversi simultan kedua dilakukan dengan menggunakan wavelet yang difokuskan pada Horizon atas dan bawah dari reservoir sekunder. Tujuan dari proyek ini adalah untuk membangun volum karakteristik batuan (Vsh, Porositas dan Saturasi) untuk reservoir sekunder yang dapat digunakan oleh interpreter untuk memperbarui model statis bumi saat ini . Sifat batuan akan diperkirakan dari produk inversi simultan (P-Impedance, S-Impedansi dan rasio VpVs).

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Simultaneous inversion methodology has been done to delineate and characterize the primary reservoir at R field, Kutei Basin, Indonesia, resulting rock properties attributes (Vsh, Porosity and Saturation) derived from seismic inversion result. However, the result on the secondary target was ambiguous and can’t be used by interpreter to update the earth model. This study focuses on characterizing the reservoir at the secondary target. Therefore, simultaneous inversion process will be re-run using wells control that was available for this particular reservoir but with a different wavelet that was extracted. Wavelets that are extracted are controlled by the time window between the horizons. The second simultaneous done was using a wavelet that was focused on the top and bottom horizon of the secondary reservoir.

The objectives of this project are to build rock properties volume ( Vsh, Porosity and Saturation) for secondary reservoirs only that can be used by interpreter to update current static earth model. Those rock properties volumes will be estimated from simultaneous inversion products (P-Impedance, S-Impedance and VpVs ratio)."

"Metode seismik merupakan suatu metode geofisika yang hingga saat ini merupakan metode dipercaya dapat memberikan gambaran bawah permukaan dari suatu lapangan. Seismik inversi adalah salah satu dari banyak metode yang digunakan untuk karakterisasi reservoar. Dengan menggunakan inversi seismik simultan mampu mendapatkan jawaban yang lebih pasti dengan cara menganalisa impedansi P, impedansi S dan densitas. Lapangan X, pada zona dangkal merupakan zona produksi yang cukup menjanjikan. Sehingga, pengembangan pada zona ini cukup gencar. Namun, beberapa kali prediksi reservoar meleset dikarenakan lapisan coal yang melimpah. Sebelum melakukan analisa inversi seismik simultan, perlu diketahui terlebih dahulu hubungan sifat fisik batuan (Zp, Zs, VpVs, lamda-rho dan mhu-rho) dengan properti batuannya (densitas dan porositas). Studi kelayakan dilakukan dengan cara melakukan cross plot parameter fisik batuan untuk dapat mendefinisikan litologi dan fluida yang ada. Selanjutnya well-seismic tie dilakukan untuk mendapatkan korelasi dan koherensi antara data dari log sumur dengan data seismik. Interpretasi horison, struktur dan pembuatan model frekuensi rendah dilakukan untuk memahami keadaan geologi dari daerah penelitian. Pada akhirnya, inversi seismik simultan dapat dilakukan dengan tepat. Hasil dari analisa inversi seismik simultan adalah kisaran nilai Zp, Zs dan Dn untuk mengkarakterisasi reservoar. Selain itu, analisa mengenai LMR (lamda-mhurho) juga dilakukan untuk mendapatkan hasil yang lebih baik. Sehingga, persebaran reservoar pada daerah penelitian dapat diketahui.

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Seismic is one of the methods in geophysics that until now still reliable for sub-surface imaging and interpretation of a field. Seismic inversion is one of the methods to characterize the reservoir. Using simultaneous seismic inversion, analyzing the P-impedance, S-impedance and density can be more convenient and certain.

X Field, especially in the shallow zone is a promising production zone. Hence, development in this zone is very incentive. Unfortunately, miss prediction sometimes happens due to coal layer that abundant. Relationship between rock physic (Zp, Zs, Vp/Vs, lamda-rho and mhu-rho) and rock property (density and porosity) must be understood prior to simultaneous seismic inversion analysis. Feasibility study was conducted by cross plotting among some parameters to define the lithology and fluids.

Well-seismic tie was conducted to have a good correlation and coherency between well-log data and seismic data. Horizon, structural interpretation and low frequency model were performed to have geological understanding of research area. The result of series steps previously then analyzed to have a good quality data. Eventually, the simultaneous seismic inversion can be performed in a proper way.

Result of the simultaneous seismic inversion analysis is a value of Zp, Zs and Dn for reservoir characterization. Moreover, LMR (lamda-mhu-rho) analysis can be performed to give more preferable result. Eventually, the distribution of gas-sand reservoir can be understood."

"Emisi CO2 yang tinggi dari sektor minyak dan gas menjadi salah satu perhatian masyarakat global maupun pemerintah Indonesia. Salah satu cara yang dapat diterapkan untuk mengurangi emisi CO2 adalah dengan penerapan Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS). Kegiatan CCS adalah penangkapan emisi CO2 yang dihasilkan oleh industri dan disimpan kembali ke bawah permukaan. Dari beberapa lokasi yang dapat digunakan untuk penyimpanan karbon, reservoir minyak dan gas yang telah lama beroperasi dapat digunakan.Lapangan “IN” yang berada di Cekungan Asri, Sumatera Tenggara telah berproduksi selama lebih dari 50 tahun dikatakan merupakan kandidat yang cocok untuk dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut sebagai lokasi penerapan CCS. Dalam penelitian ini, dilakukan pendekatan geofisika dari data seismik dan data sumur untuk mengidentifikasi litologi, porositas, dan struktur yang ada untuk mencari rekomendasi lokasi sumur injeksi dan penyimpanan karbon. Inversi simultan dilakukan untuk mengkarakterisasi litologi dengan lebih baik dengan menghasilkan tiga parameter sekaligus secara simultan, yakni impedansi akustik, impedansi shear, dan densitas. Dari hasil inversi simultan ini, digunakan hasil inversi parameter Mu-Rho yang berasal dari impedansi shear dan Poisson’s Ratio yang berasal dari rasio VpVs. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah keterdapatan litologi batu pasir, batu bara, shale, dan shaleous carbonate. Hasil inversi juga digunakan kembali untuk mengestimasi persebaran porositas dengan nilai 0,025 – 0,275. Setelah itu, hasil analisis litologi, porositas, dimodelkan dalam model struktur geologi untuk mengidentifikasi keberadaan struktur. Disimpulkan bahwa lokasi rekomendasi penerapan CCS yang ideal adalah pada satu sumur produksi yang berada di bagian tengah – utara daerah penelitian.

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High CO2 emission from oil and gas industry took global and even Indonesia’s Government attention. One of the solutions to decrease CO2 emission is by applying Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS). At CCS, the produced CO2 from industrial activity would be captured and stored to the subsurface. Among all of the ideal location to store the carbon, the depleted oil and gas reservoir could be used.

“IN” field, which located on Asri Basin, Southeast Sumatera, has been producing oil for more than 50 years. This field is quite fit to be done any research for CCS location candidate. In this research, the geophysical approach from seismic and well data is used to identify lithology, porosity, and structure to give location recommendation for carbon storage. Simultaneous inversion has been done to characterize lithology better by gives three parameters simultaneously, those are acoustic impedance, shear impedance, and density. From the inversion results, the Mu-Rho parameter from shear impedance and Poisson’s Ratio from VpVs Ratio are used. The use of these parameters is the distinguish of coal, sandstone, shale, and shaleous carbonate lithologies. The inversion results also used for porosity distribution estimation that shows value range of 0,025 – 0,275. In conclusion, the ideal location recommendation for CCS application is at one production wells located at the middle – northern area of interest."

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Sub-cekungan Caswell, Cekungan Browse adalah cekungan ekstensional yang berlokasi di pantai Barat Australia.  Formasi Plover yang berumur Jura merupakan interval reservoar pada sub-cekungan Caswell. Kehadiran material vulkanik yang diendapkan pada Formasi Plover berumur Jura dapat mengurangi kualitas dari reservoar. Beberapa sumur telah di bor di area sub-cekungan Caswell dengan hasil yang berbeda-beda, Torosa-1 di bor pada tahun 2006 dan pada tahun 2010 Kronos-1 di bor berhasil menemukan gas, sedangkan Poseidon-1 dan Poseidon-2 yang di bor pada tahun 2010 tidak berhasil menemukan gas. Keempat sumur ini berada pada area yang mempunyai data seimik 3D. Tujuan dari tesis ini adalah untuk  mendapatkan pemahaman tentang penyebaran litologi dan fluida pada daerah penelitian. Pada tesis ini dilakukan pemodelan inversi seismik simultan. Hasil dari inversi seismik simultan adalah volum impedansi-P, impedansi-S, dan densitas. Berdasarkan hasil dari Impedansi-P dan Impedansi S , penyebaran reservoar yang berisi hidrokarbon memusat pada area sumur Kronos-1, sebaliknya tidak ditemukan reservoar yang berisi hidrokarbon pada area sumur Poseidon-1 dan Poseidon-2. Integrasi dari analisis crossplot Vp/Vs dengan Impedansi-P menunjukkan kemungkinan untuk mendapatkan litologi batupasir sebagai reservoar adalah 30 % pada area sumur Kronos-1 dan 0% pada sumur Poseidon-1.

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Caswell sub-basin, Browse Basin is an extensional basin situated in Australia’s North West Shelf. Jurassic Plover Sandstone is an objective reservoir interval in this area. Presence of volcanic materials in the Jurassic Plover Reservoir possibly reduce the quality of the reservoir. Several wells drilled within Caswell sub-basin with different results, Kronos-1 drilled in 2010 and Torosa-1 in 2006 was successfully discovered gas. In 2009, Poseidon-1 and Poseidon-2 resulted as dry hole. These four wells are located within 3D seismic Poseidon data. Objective of the Thesis is to get more understanding of the lithology and fluid distribution in the study area.  Pre-stack simultaneous inversion done in this study as a method to get P-Impedance, S-Impedance and bulk density. In order to generate P-Impedance, S-Impedance and bulk density models, gathers data employed in the pre-stack simultaneous inversion. The final outputs of this study are P-impedance, S-impedance and bulk density volumes. HC sands distribution based on P-Impedance and S-Impedance concentrated in Kronos-1, in contrast with Poseidon-1 and Poseiodon-2 there was no HC sands distribution in these wells. Integration of Vp/Vs vs P-Impedance with  lithofacies probabilistic classification shows HC sand probability 30% in Kronos-1 and 0% in Poseidon-1.

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"Karakterisasi reservoar merupakan sebuah serangkaian tahapan evaluasi, analisis serta interpretasi keadaan, kondisi reservoar. Rangkaian tahapan tersebut berguna untuk mengetahui segala karakter yang dibutuhkan untuk melakukan justifikasi apakah sebuah reservoar memiliki klasifikasi ekonomis atau non ekonomis. Untuk mendapatkan definisi karakter reservoar dengan akurasi yang baik, analisis kualitatif dan kuantitatif sangat dibutuhkan.Salah satu metode yang dapat mendefinisikan karakter reservoar secara lengkap adalah metode inversi seismik simultan. Sebuah metode inversi seismik dengan menggunakan data pre-stack mengintegrasikan beberapa sudut insiden dengan asosiasi wavelet pada masing-masing sudut dan integrasi data sumur. Implementasi dari metode tersebut dapat menghasilkan beberapa properti fisika batuan seperti kecepatan gelombang-P (Vp), kecepatan gelombang-S (Vs), densitas, rasio Vp/Vs, impedansi akustik gelombang-P (Zp), dan impedansi akustik gelombang-S (Zs). Properti-properti batuan tersebut akan dielaborasikan guna analisis kandungan fluida dan litologi bawah permukaan. Selain itu, transformasi Lambda-Mu-Rho dan scaled-Qp (SQp) dan scaled-Qs (SQs) juga diaplikasikan sebagai luaran model fisika batuan lebih lanjut. Kelebihan dari transformasi tersebut adalah tingkat keakuratan dalam diskriminasi litologi dan jenis fluida pori dalam reservoar hidrokarbon yang lebih baik. Selain itu, dilakukan pemodelan AVO sebagai klasifikasi kelas AVO pada reservoar gas wilayah penelitian. Sebagai bentuk validasi awal sebelum dilakukannya inversi seismik simultan dan impedansi elastik, dilakukan pemodelan substitusi fluida (FRM) sebagai pemodelan skenario fluida pengisi pori dalam reservoar gas.Intergrasi dari metode dan transformasi tersebut diaplikasikan pada Lapangan “NS” yang terletak di Cekungan Kutai, Kalimantan Selatan. Lapangan tersebut merupakan lapangan penghasil gas pada rentang reservoar Formasi 4 Ma hingga Formasi 7.6 Ma yang tercakup dalam Formasi Kampung Baru hingga Formasi Balikpapan. Hasil penelitian ini merupakan sebaran lateral indikasi keberadaan prospek hidrokarbon gas yang dicirikan dengan definisi properti Zp, densitas, Lambda-Rho, rasio Poisson, dan SQp dengan nilai relatif rendah, serta properti Zs, Mu-Rho, dan SQs dngan nilai relatif tinggi. Selain itu, hasil klasifikasi AVO menunjukkan bahwa reservoar gas tergolong sebagai kelas III dengan nilai produk AVO positif. Pembobotan zonasi hidrokarbon kemudian dilakukan untuk melihat zona-zona dengan indikasi hidrokarbon tertinggi hingga terendah pada Formasi 4 Ma dan Formasi 7.6 Ma.

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Reservoir characterization is a series of evaluation, analysis, and interpretation stages of reservoir conditions. This series of stages helps know all the characteristics needed to justify whether a reservoir has an economic or non-economic classification. Qualitative and quantitative analysis is needed to define reservoir character with reasonable accuracy.

One method that can define the reservoir character thoroughly is the simultaneous seismic inversion method. A seismic inversion method incorporates several incident angles with wavelets at each angle and integrates well data. The implementation of this method can construct several rock physics properties such as P-wave velocity (Vp), S-wave velocity (Vs), density, Vp/Vs ratio, P-wave acoustic impedance (Zp), and S-wave acoustic impedance (Zs). These rock properties will be elaborated to examine fluid content and subsurface lithology. In addition, the Lambda-Mu-Rho and scaled-Qp (SQp) and scaled-Qs (SQs) transformations were also applied as the outcomes of further rock physics models. The advantages of this transformation are the accuracy in lithological discrimination and the better type of pore fluid in the hydrocarbon reservoir. AVO modeling as an AVO type classification was carried out in the gas reservoir in the research area. As a form of initial validation prior to simultaneous seismic inversion and elastic impedance, fluid substitution modeling (FRM) was carried out as a scenario modeling pore-filling fluid in a gas reservoir.

Integration of these methods and transformations is applied to the “NS” Field located in the Kutai Basin, South Kalimantan. The field is gas-producing in the reservoir range of the 4 Ma Formation to 7.6 Ma Formation, which is contained in the Kampung Baru Formation to the Balikpapan Formation. The results of this study are lateral distributions indicating the presence of hydrocarbon prospects characterized by the relatively low value of Zp, density, Lambda-Rho, Poisson ratio, and SQp properties with Zs, Mu-Rho, and SQs properties with relatively high values. In addition, the results of the AVO classification indicate that the gas reservoir is classified as class III with a positive AVO product value. The hydrocarbon zone weighting then showed the zones with the highest to lowest hydrocarbon indications in the 4 Ma Formation and 7.6 Ma Formation."

"Lapangan "IM" merupakan salah satu lapangan eksplorasi minyak dan gas bumi yang berada di Cekungan Sumatera Utara. Telah teridentifikasi sebelumnya bahwa pada lapangan ini ditemukan hidrokarbon berupa gas condensate. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengarakterisasi reservoir dalam hal persebaran litologi dan kandungan fluidanya. Penelitian mencakup target reservoir karbonat yang berada pada Middle Miocene Malacca Limestone. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu data seismik 3D dan dua data sumur. Metode inversi simultan diterapkan untuk mengolah data agar tujuan penelitian dapat tercapai. Metode inversi simultan menghasilkan model Impedansi P (Zp), Impedansi S (Zs), dan Densitas. Didapatkan hasil pada reservoir gas nilai impedansi P (Zp) sekitar 16542-18917 (ft/s*g/cc) dan impedansi S (Zs) sekitar 8375 (ft/s*g/cc) sedangkan pada reservoir air nilai impedansi P (Zp) sebesar 21292-23667 (ft/s*g/cc) dan impedansi S (Zs) sekitar 18500-20525 (ft/s*g/cc). Hasil tersebut kemudian ditransformasi menjadi parameter Lame. Parameter Lame merupakan parameter elastik yang terdiri dari Lambda-Rho dan Mu-Rho. Masing-masing parameter tersebut menjelaskan mengenai sifat inkompressibilitas fluida dan kekakuan batuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan persebaran reservoir yang memiliki arah orientasi Barat Laut-Tenggara.

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The "IM" field is an oil and gas exploration field located in the North Sumatra Basin. It was previously identified that in this field hydrocarbons were found in the form of gas condensate. This study aims to characterize the reservoir in terms of lithological distribution and fluid content. The research includes carbonate reservoir targets located in Middle Miocene Malacca Limestone. The data used in this study are 3D seismic data and two well data. Simultaneous inversion method is applied to process data so that research objectives can be achieved. The simultaneous inversion method produces P-Impedance (Zp), S-Impedance (Zs), and Density models. The results show that in the gas reservoir the P (Zp) impedance value is around 16542-18917 (ft/s*g/cc) and the S (Zs) impedance is around 8375 (ft/s*g/cc) while in the water reservoir the P impedance value (Zp ) of 21292-23667 (ft/s*g/cc) and the impedance S (Zs) is around 18500-20525 (ft/s*g/cc). The results are then transformed into the Lame parameter. The Lame parameter is an elastic parameter consisting of Lambda-Rho and Mu-Rho. Each of these parameters explains the fluid incompressibility and rock stiffness. The results showed that the reservoir distribution had an North West-South East orientation."