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"The Interactions DVD provides an interactive examination of physiological processes within each system of the body using animations and interactivity to enhance understanding. At the heart of Interactions is a focus on core principles - homeostasis; communication; energy flow; fluid flow; and boundaries--that underscore the essential relationships between structure and function as well as interrelationships between systems. It is the reinforcement of these fundamental organizing principles, to which a variety of processes and concepts for each system will be attached, that sets this product apart.Body Systems Covered: Foundations; Regulation: The Nervous and Endocrine Systems; Support and Movement: The Skeletal and Muscular Systems; Distribution: The Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems; Disease Resistance: The Immune and Lymphatic System; Energy Acquisition and Use: Metabolism and the Digestive System; Gas Exchange and pH Balance: The Respiratory System; Balancing Fluids and pH: The Urinary System"

"The Interactions DVD provides an interactive examination of physiological processes within each system of the body using animations and interactivity to enhance understanding. At the heart of Interactions is a focus on core principles - homeostasis; communication; energy flow; fluid flow; and boundaries--that underscore the essential relationships between structure and function as well as interrelationships between systems. It is the reinforcement of these fundamental organizing principles, to which a variety of processes and concepts for each system will be attached, that sets this product apart.Body Systems Covered: Foundations; Regulation: The Nervous and Endocrine Systems; Support and Movement: The Skeletal and Muscular Systems; Distribution: The Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems; Disease Resistance: The Immune and Lymphatic System; Energy Acquisition and Use: Metabolism and the Digestive System; Gas Exchange and pH Balance: The Respiratory System; Balancing Fluids and pH: The Urinary System"

"The Interactions DVD provides an interactive examination of physiological processes within each system of the body using animations and interactivity to enhance understanding. At the heart of Interactions is a focus on core principles - homeostasis; communication; energy flow; fluid flow; and boundaries--that underscore the essential relationships between structure and function as well as interrelationships between systems. It is the reinforcement of these fundamental organizing principles, to which a variety of processes and concepts for each system will be attached, that sets this product apart.Body Systems Covered: Foundations; Regulation: The Nervous and Endocrine Systems; Support and Movement: The Skeletal and Muscular Systems; Distribution: The Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems; Disease Resistance: The Immune and Lymphatic System; Energy Acquisition and Use: Metabolism and the Digestive System; Gas Exchange and pH Balance: The Respiratory System; Balancing Fluids and pH: The Urinary System"

"The Interactions DVD provides an interactive examination of physiological processes within each system of the body using animations and interactivity to enhance understanding. At the heart of Interactions is a focus on core principles - homeostasis; communication; energy flow; fluid flow; and boundaries--that underscore the essential relationships between structure and function as well as interrelationships between systems. It is the reinforcement of these fundamental organizing principles, to which a variety of processes and concepts for each system will be attached, that sets this product apart.Body Systems Covered: Foundations; Regulation: The Nervous and Endocrine Systems; Support and Movement: The Skeletal and Muscular Systems; Distribution: The Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems; Disease Resistance: The Immune and Lymphatic System; Energy Acquisition and Use: Metabolism and the Digestive System; Gas Exchange and pH Balance: The Respiratory System; Balancing Fluids and pH: The Urinary System"

"This new volume fills the gap in the literature as it will guide urologists and pathologists in the proper utilization of a variety of laboratory methods that are currently available to determine the presence, persistence or progression of tumors of the lower urinary tract. The volume emphasizes cytology of the urinary tract which is preferred over other methods (i.e. biochemical, immunological and cytogenetic) for its accuracy, especially for the important high grade tumors. This volume will appeal to urologists as well as pathologists, cytopathologists and related professions. The illustrations, nearly all in color, stress the key points of the text and enhance basic understanding of urothelial and other tumors of the urinary tract."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Drainase temporer saluran kemih bagian atas dapat dilakukan dengan pemasangan stent ureter. Pemasangan DJ stent dapat memberikan keluhan rasa tidak nyaman pada pasien yang bervariasi dari seseorang ke orang yang lain dan bersifat idiosinkrasi Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor apa yang berpengaruh terhadap gejalagejala berkemih dan nyeri pada pasien-pasien yang terpasang DJ stent di RSUP Dr. Sardjito dan RSPAU Dr. Suhardi Hardjolukito Yogyakarta. Metode: Penelitian prospektif ini dilakukan pada bulan Maret - Agustus. Semua pasien yang dipasang DJ stent diikutsertakan dalam penelitian ini. Kriteria eksklusi adalah pasien yang dipasang DJ stent dengan kasus keganasan, pasien yang menjalani pemasangan DJ stent,dan pasien dengan DJ stent bilateral.Sebelum dan 1 bulan setelah dipasang DJ stent, yakni ketika pasien dijadwalkan lepas DJ stent, pasien kembali mengisi kuesioner IPSS, USSQ dan VAS. Data IPSS, komponen berkemih USSQ dan VAS dicatat dan dianalisis dengan Chi Square/ Fisher exact test, Pearson/Spearman dan Mann Whitney Hasil: Dari 40 pasien, laki-laki 23 orang (57,5%) dan perempuan 17 orang(42,5%), rerata usia 44,92 tahun dan lama pemasangan DJ stent 38,22 hari.Berdasarkan hasil IPSS, terdapat hubungan bermakna antara IPSS total sebelum dan setelah pemasangan DJ stent (p <0,001; r = 0,628). Distribusi gejala berkemih yang sering muncul pada kuesioner USSQ adalah disuria (62,5%), frekuensi (55%), nokturia (52,5%), buang air kecil tidak lampias (47,5%), hematuria (35%), dan urgensi (15%). Pada analisis bivariate, posisi DJ stent berhubungan dengan timbulnya frekuensi (p <0,001), nokturia (<0,001), urgensi (p=0,002), buang air kecil tidak lampias (p=0,049), dysuria (p=0,030), hematuria (p=0,026) dan nyeri (p<0,001). Kesimpulan: Gejala berkemih sebelum dipasang DJ stent dan posisi DJ stentmerupakan faktor yang mempengaruhi timbulnya gejala berkemih dan nyeri pada pemasangan DJ stent.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Temporary drainage of upper urinary tract can be performed by ureteral stents. Stent discomfort can vary from one patient to another in an idiosyncratic manner. Purpose: To study factors that influence urinary symptoms and pain related to stented ureter Methode: This is prospectif study, from March 2014 to August 2014, to known factors that influence urinary symptoms and pain of patients with ureteral stent.All patients were inserted ureteral stent participated in this study. Exclusioncriteria were patients with malignancy, patients who had history of DJ stentplacement previously, and patients with bilateral DJ stents. All patients completed IPSS questionnaire before inserted stents. After 1 month, when removal DJ stents performed, all patients completed IPSS,USSQ and VAS. All data was analized with Chi square/fisher exact test, pearson/spearman correlation and Mann Whitney. Results: Fourty patients consist of 23 man (57.5%) and 17 women (42.5%)completed this study. The mean age was 44.92 years old and length of stentedureter was 38.22 days. There was significance correlation between IPSS of DJstent preinsertion and post insertion ( p<0.001; r = 0.628). Of the patients reporteddysuria (62.5%), frekuensi (55%), nocturia (52.5%), incomplete emptying(47.5%), hematuria (35%) and ugency (15%). On bivariate analysis, there wassignificance correlation between DJ stent position and frequency (p <0.001),nocturia (<0.001), urgency (p=0.002), incomplete emptying (p=0.049), dysuria(p=0.030), hematuria (p=0.026) and pain (p<0.001). Conclusion: Previous urinary symptoms and DJ stent position were factors that influence urinary symptoms and pain related ureteral stent insertion."

"ABSTRAK Latar belakang: Tesis ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui insidens retensio urin pasca rekonstruksi POP dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan.Retensio urinmerupakan komplikasi akut tindakan rekonstruksi dan banyak dijumpai padaprosedur operasi, termasuk operasi POP (POP). Untuk menghindari morbiditaslebih lanjut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui insidens rertensio urinpasca rekonstruksi POP faktor-faktor risiko yang berhubungan.Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kohort prospektif yang dilaksanakan diRS Cipto Mangunkusumo dan RS Fatmawati dengan mengikutsertakan wanitayang hendak mengalami rekonstruksi POP dalam rentang waktu April 2013hingga April 2015. Kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi subjek meliputi wanita denganPOP derajat 2,3 dan 4 tanpa riwayat retensio urin sebelumnya, konsumsi obatobatanyangdapat menyebabkan retensio urin dan tanpa cedera kandung kemih.Pasca rekonstruksi, subjek dilakukan pemasangan kateter urin selama 24 jam.Kemudian, enam jam pasca pelesapan kateter, dilakukan pengukuran residu urinpada kandung kemih. Retensio urin didefinisikan dengan didapatkannya residuurin >100 ml.Hasil: Dari 200 subjek, ditemukan 59 subjek (29,5%) mengalami retensio urin.Tidak ada hubungan antara faktor risiko umur, Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT),derajat POP, derajat sistokel, kejadian infeksi saluran kemih, dan durasi operasiterhadap retensio urin. Jenis prosedur total vagina hysterectomy + kolporafianterior + kolpoperineorafi + sacrospinous fixation dan durasi operasi > 130menit berhubungan dengan retensio urin dengan RR 3,66 95% IK 2,91-4,60p<0,001 dan 1,66 95%IK 1,07-2,59 p=0,02, berturut-turutKesimpulan: Insidens retensio urin cukup tinggi pasca rekonstruksi POP. Jenistindakan rekonstruksi tertentu dan semakin lamanya durasi rekonstruksiberhubungan dengan kejadian retensio urin.ABSTRACT Background: The objective of this study was to know the incidence of post operativeurinaryretention after pelvic organ prolapse surgery and associatedfactors.Post operative urinary retention (POUR) is considered as an acutecomplication after a surgey in many operative procedures, including pelvic organprolpase (POP) surgery. To avoid further morbidity, this study aimed to know theincidence of POUR after POP surgery and its risk factors. Methods: This is a prospective cohort study conducted in Cipto Mangunkusumohospital and Fatmawati Hospital from April 2013 to April 2015. Subjects werewomen who wanted to undergo POP surgery with two to four degree of POP.Subjects with history of urinary retention, drugs consumption that tend to causeurinary retention or bladder unjury were excluded. After the reconstruction,urinary catheter was placed for 24 hours. Then, after six hours, catheter wasremoved and residual urine was measured. Urinary retention was defined asresidual urine more than 100 ml. Results: Of 200 subjects recruited, 59 (29.5%) had POUR. There were noassociation between age, body mass index, degree of uterine POPe, degree ofcystocele, urinary tract infectionand POUR. Duration of surgery > 130 minute andTotal vagina hysterectomy +anterior colporraphy + colpoperineorraphy +sacrospinous fixation procedure and duration of surgery > 130 minute were associated with POUR (RR 3.66, 2.91-4.60 95% CI, p<0.001 and 1.66 , 072.5995%CI,p=0.02;respectively)Conclusion: POUR incidence after POP surgery was quite high. Type of theprocedure and duration of surgery were associated with POUR.;Background: The objective of this study was to know the incidence of post operativeurinaryretention after pelvic organ prolapse surgery and associatedfactors.Post operative urinary retention (POUR) is considered as an acutecomplication after a surgey in many operative procedures, including pelvic organprolpase (POP) surgery. To avoid further morbidity, this study aimed to know theincidence of POUR after POP surgery and its risk factors. Methods: This is a prospective cohort study conducted in Cipto Mangunkusumohospital and Fatmawati Hospital from April 2013 to April 2015. Subjects werewomen who wanted to undergo POP surgery with two to four degree of POP.Subjects with history of urinary retention, drugs consumption that tend to causeurinary retention or bladder unjury were excluded. After the reconstruction,urinary catheter was placed for 24 hours. Then, after six hours, catheter wasremoved and residual urine was measured. Urinary retention was defined asresidual urine more than 100 ml. Results: Of 200 subjects recruited, 59 (29.5%) had POUR. There were noassociation between age, body mass index, degree of uterine POPe, degree ofcystocele, urinary tract infectionand POUR. Duration of surgery > 130 minute andTotal vagina hysterectomy +anterior colporraphy + colpoperineorraphy +sacrospinous fixation procedure and duration of surgery > 130 minute were associated with POUR (RR 3.66, 2.91-4.60 95% CI, p<0.001 and 1.66 , 072.5995%CI,p=0.02;respectively)Conclusion: POUR incidence after POP surgery was quite high. Type of theprocedure and duration of surgery were associated with POUR.;Background: The objective of this study was to know the incidence of post operativeurinaryretention after pelvic organ prolapse surgery and associatedfactors.Post operative urinary retention (POUR) is considered as an acutecomplication after a surgey in many operative procedures, including pelvic organprolpase (POP) surgery. To avoid further morbidity, this study aimed to know theincidence of POUR after POP surgery and its risk factors. Methods: This is a prospective cohort study conducted in Cipto Mangunkusumohospital and Fatmawati Hospital from April 2013 to April 2015. Subjects werewomen who wanted to undergo POP surgery with two to four degree of POP.Subjects with history of urinary retention, drugs consumption that tend to causeurinary retention or bladder unjury were excluded. After the reconstruction,urinary catheter was placed for 24 hours. Then, after six hours, catheter wasremoved and residual urine was measured. Urinary retention was defined asresidual urine more than 100 ml. Results: Of 200 subjects recruited, 59 (29.5%) had POUR. There were noassociation between age, body mass index, degree of uterine POPe, degree ofcystocele, urinary tract infectionand POUR. Duration of surgery > 130 minute andTotal vagina hysterectomy +anterior colporraphy + colpoperineorraphy +sacrospinous fixation procedure and duration of surgery > 130 minute were associated with POUR (RR 3.66, 2.91-4.60 95% CI, p<0.001 and 1.66 , 072.5995%CI,p=0.02;respectively)Conclusion: POUR incidence after POP surgery was quite high. Type of theprocedure and duration of surgery were associated with POUR."

"Infeksi saluran kemih (ISK) merupakan infeksi yang cukup sering terjadi, terutama pada pasien-pasien anak dan geriatri, wanita, serta pasien-pasien rawat inap di rumah sakit. Walaupun ISK seringkali dapat diterapi dengan antibiotik, diketahui terdapat masalah resistensi kuman ISK yang cukup tinggi terhadap antibiotik ampisilin, kotrimoksazol, dan kloramfenikol di Indonesia serta di negara-negara berkembang lainnya. Dalam penelitian ini, dilakukan uji disc-diffusion untuk mengidentifikasi efek antibakterial ekstrak etanol 70% daun Delonix regia terhadap pertumbuhan dua spesies bakteri Gram-negatif yang paling sering menyebabkan ISK, Escherichia coli dan Proteus mirabilis. Daun Delonix regia yang telah dikeringkan diekstrak dengan pelarut etanol 70%. Kemudian, ekstrak diencerkan empat kali dalam brain-heart infusion, menghasilkan ekstrak cair dengan kandungan 64 mg/mL, 32 mg/mL, 16 mg/mL, dan 8 mg/mL dan diteteskan ke atas disc kosong. Selanjutnya, zona hambat yang terbentuk pada biakan-biakan Escherichia coli dan Proteus mirabilis dihitung dengan jangka sorong. Dilakukan pengulangan sebanyak tiga kali. Tidak terbentuk zona hambat di sekitar disc yang mengandung ekstrak daun Delonix regia. Dua faktor utama yang kemungkinan mempengaruhi hasil penelitian adalah jenis pelarut dan konsentrasi ekstrak yang digunakan. Selain itu, target molekular zat aktif yang diekspresikan oleh kedua spesies bakteri coba serta jenis produk Delonix regia yang digunakan mungkin turut berpengaruh pada hasil penelitian.

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Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common infections among children, geriatrics, women of all ages, and hospital inpatients. While UTIs can be successfully treated with antibiotics, it is currently known that there are high levels of antibiotic resistance to ampicillin, co-trimoxazole, and chloramphenicol among UTI pathogens in Indonesia and other developing countries. In this study, antimicrobial susceptibility testing using disc-diffusion method was performed to identify the antibacterial activity of 70% ethanolic extract of Delonix regia leaf against two common UTI pathogens, Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis. Dry Delonix regia leaves were extracted in 70% ethanolic solvent. It was then diluted four times in brain-heart infusion, giving four solutions with extract concentrations of 64 mg/mL, 32 mg/mL, 16 mg/mL, and 8 mg/mL. Afterward, the zones of inhibition formed on agar plates with Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis colonies were measured using vernier scale. This method was repeated three times. No evident zone of inhibition was formed around discs containing Delonix regia extract of all concentrations. Two main factors probably affecting the results of this study are extract solvent and concentrations used. Other factors, such as molecular targets expressed by both species of bacteria and products of Delonix regia likely play minor roles."

"Tujuan: Memperoleh data prevalensi perempuan dengan gejala saluran kemih bawah di RS Cipto Mangunkusumo, Indonesia. Metode: Studi deskriptif dan analitik dengan pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner. Subjek penelitian yakni perempuan yang berada di poliklinik Ginekologi RS Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta, menjalani wawancara menggunakan metode konvensional dan menggunakan International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire (ICIQ) Female LUTS long form yang divalidasi ke Bahasa Indonesia. Hasil: Metode konvensional hanya menanyakan sebuah pertanyaan tentang gangguan berkemih tanpa menanyakan gejala yang lebih detail, menghasilkan prevalensi LUTS yang rendah sebanyak 17.3%. Pada sisi lain, dengan menggunakan kuesioner yang terstruktur menggunakan ICIQ- FLUTS long form, luaran prevalensi LUTS total adalah 95.3% pada populasi penelitian. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa LUTS mempunyai prevalensi yang tinggi pada populasi studi dengan faktor resiko yang teridentifikasi berupa persalinan pervaginam. Kesimpulan: LUTS adalah kondisi yang dengan prevalensi tinggi pada populasi penelitian. Untuk mendapatkan prevalensi yang lebih akurat, metode skrining sangat penting. Penggunaan kuesioner terstruktur secara signifikan menapis LUTS lebih tinggi dari metode konvensional. Kuesioner ICIQ FLUTS long form adalah alat yang direkomendasikan untuk digunakan pada penelitian epidemiologi dan dan juga pada praktek klinik sehari- hari. Penelitian lanjutan dengan basis komunitas direkomendasikan untuk mendapatkan prevalensi nasional LUTS di Indonesia.

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Objective: To obtain the prevalence of women with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS) in Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital, Indonesia.

Method: Descriptive and analytic study with questionnaire- based data collection. All of the subjects were interviewed using the conventional method and International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire (ICIQ) Female LUTS long form validated in Indonesian language at Gynecology outpatient clinic in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital.

Results: The conventional method which pose only one single question of urination disturbance without asking the detailed symptoms, low prevalence of LUTS obtained i.e. 17.3%. On the other hand, with a well structured questionnaire using ICIQ- FLUTS long form, the prevalence of LUTS was 95.3% prevalence of LUTS. This result revealed that LUTS was a common condition among Indonesian women in the study population with identified risk factor of vaginal delivery.

Conclusion: LUTS is a frequent condition in this population. To obtain a more accurate prevalence, method of screening is important. A structured questionnaire screened LUTS significantly higher than the conventional method. The ICIQ FLUTS long form questionnaire validated in Indonesian language is a robust questionnaire that recommended to be used in epidemiological research as well as routine clinical practice. Further community based research is warranted to obtain the national prevalence of LUTS."