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"The book develops the classical Chebyshev's approach which gives analytical representation for the solution in terms of Riemann surfaces. The techniques born in the remote (at the first glance) branches of mathematics such as complex analysis, Riemann surfaces and Teichmüller theory, foliations, braids, topology are applied to approximation problems. The key feature of this book is the usage of beautiful ideas of contemporary mathematics for the solution of applied problems and their effective numerical realization. This is one of the few books where the computational aspects of the higher genus Riemann surfaces are illuminated. Effective work with the moduli spaces of algebraic curves provides wide opportunities for numerical experiments in mathematics and theoretical physics.​"

"This textbook presents a unified approach to compact and noncompact Riemann surfaces from the point of view of the so-called L2 $\bar{\delta}$-method. This method is a powerful technique from the theory of several complex variables, and provides for a unique approach to the fundamentally different characteristics of compact and noncompact riemann surfaces."

"Pada tugas akhir ini dibahas mengenai penurunan formula eksplisit polinomial Chebyshev dengan menggunakan komposisi fungsi pembangkit dan suatu fungsi yang disebut composita. Composita diperlukan untuk mencari koefisien-koefisien dari hasil komposisi fungsi pembangkit. Kemudian, dari koefisien-koefisien tersebut diperoleh bentuk umum formula eksplisit polinomial Chebyshev. Formula eksplisit polinomial Chebyshev jenis pertama diturunkan menggunakan komposisi dari fungsi pembangkit F(x,t)=2xt-t^(2 ) dan G(t)=1/(1-t) yang dikalikan dengan (1-xt). Formula eksplisit dari polinomial Chebyshev jenis kedua diturunkan dengan menggunakan komposisi dari fungsi pembangkit F(x,t)=2xt-t^(2 ) dan G(t)=1/(1-t). Sedangkan Formula eksplisit polinomial Chebyshev jenis ketiga dan keempat berturut-turut diturunkan menggunakan komposisi dari fungsi pembangkit F(x,t)=2xt-t^(2 ) dan G(t)=1/(1-t) yang dikalikan dengan (1-t) dan (1+t).

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In this skripsi, the way of deriving explicit formula of Chebyshev polynomials is carried out by using composition of generating functions and a function called composita. Composita is needed to find the coefficients of the composition of generating function. From the coefficients, the explicit formula of Chebyshev polynomials are obtained. Explicit formula of Chebyshev polynomials of the first kind is derived by multiplying (1-xt) to the composition of the generating function F(x,t)=2xt-t^(2 ) and G(t)=1/(1-t) . Explicit formula of Chebyshev polynomials of the second kind is derived by using the composition of the generating function F(x,t)=2xt-t^(2 ) and G(t)=1/(1-t). In addition, explicit formula of Chebyshev polynomials of the third kind is derived by multiplying (1-t) to the composition of the generating function F(x,t)=2xt-t^(2 ) and G(t)=1/(1-t) and fourth kind is derived by multiplying (1-t) to the composition of the generating function F(x,t)=2xt-t^(2 ) and G(t)=1/(1-t)."

"Suatu graf berarah dapat direpresentasikan dengan beberapa matriks representasi, seperti matriks adjacency, anti-adjacency, in-degree laplacian, dan out-degree aplacian. Dalam paper ini dibahas polinomial karakteristik dan nilai-nilai eigen dari matriks adjacency, anti-adjacency in-degree laplacian, dan out-degree Laplacian graf matahari berarah siklik. Bentuk umum polinomial karakteristik dari matriks adjacency graf matahari berarah siklik dapat diperoleh dengan menghitung jumlah nilai determinan matriks adjacency subgraf terinduksi siklik dari graf tersebut. Kemudian polinomial karakteristik dari matriks anti-adjacency dapat dicari dengan menghitung jumlah nilai determinan matriks anti-adjacency subgraf terinduksi siklik dan subgraf terinduksi asiklik dari graf matahari berarah siklik. Selanjutnya bentuk umum polinomial karakteristik dari matriks in-degree Laplacian dan out-degree Laplacian dicari dengan menggunakan ekspansi kofaktor matriks-matriks tersebut. Nilai-nilai eigen dari matriks adjacency, matriks anti-adjacency, matriks in-degree Laplacian dan matriks out-degree Laplacian dapat berupa bilangan riil dan bilangan kompleks yang dapat dicari dengan pemfaktoran polinomial karakteristik dengan menggunakan metode Horner ataupun dengan menggunakan bentuk eksponensial dari bilangan kompleks.

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A directed graph can be represented by several matrix representations, such as adjacency matrix, anti-adjacency matrix, in-degree Laplacian matrix, and out-degree Laplacian matrix. In this paper we discuss the general form of characteristic polynomials and eigenvalues of adjacency matrix, anti-adjacency matrix,  in-degree Laplacian matrix, and out-degree Laplacian of directed cyclic sun graph. The general form of the characteristic polynomials of adjacency matrix can be found out by counting the sum of the determinant of adjacency matrix of directed cyclic induced subgraphs from directed cyclic sun graph. Furthermore, the general form of the characteristic polynomials of anti-adjacency matrix can be found out by counting the sum of the determinant of anti-adjacency matrix of the directed cyclic induced subgraphs and the directed acyclic induced subgraphs from directed cyclic sun graph. Moreover, the general form of the characteristic polynomials of in-degree Laplacian and out-degree Laplacian matrix can be found by using the cofactor expansion of those matrices. The eigenvalues of the adjacency, anti-adjacency, in-degree Laplacian, and out-degree Laplacian can be real or complex numbers, which can be figured out by factoring the characteristic polynomials using horner method or the exponential form of the complex numbers."

"This book shows how to calculate arbitrarily high orders of derivatives of the Douglas energy defined on the infinite dimensional manifold of all surfaces spanning a contour, breaking new ground in the calculus of variations.The monograph begins with easy examples in either manifolds or complex analysis. This monograph requires only the most basic knowledge of analysis, complex analysis and topology."

"This book provides a comprehensive treatment of the theory of polynomials in a complex variable with matrix coefficients. Basic matrix theory can be viewed as the study of the special case of polynomials of first degree; the theory developed in Matrix Polynomials is a natural extension of this case to polynomials of higher degree. It has applications in many areas, such as differential equations, systems theory, the Wieneropf technique, mechanics and vibrations, and numerical analysis. Although there have been significant advances in some quarters, this work remains the only systematic development of the theory of matrix polynomials."

"In this brief the authors discuss some important subclasses of polynomial optimization models arising from various applications, with a focus on approximations algorithms with guaranteed worst case performance analysis. The brief presents a clear view of the basic ideas underlying the design of such algorithms and the benefits are highlighted by illustrative examples showing the possible applications."