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"The new edition of mathematical modeling, the survey text of choice for mathematical modeling courses, adds ample instructor support and online delivery for solutions manuals and software ancillaries.From genetic engineering to hurricane prediction, mathematical models guide much of the decision making in our society. If the assumptions and methods underlying the modeling are flawed, the outcome can be disastrously poor. With mathematical modeling growing rapidly in so many scientific and technical disciplines, mathematical modeling, fourth edition provides a rigorous treatment of the subject. The book explores a range of approaches including optimization models, dynamic models and probability models."

"The book has two aims, to introduce basic concepts of environmental modelling and to facilitate the application of the concepts using modern numerical tools such as MATLAB. MATLAB was chosen as the major computer tool for modeling, firstly because it is unique in it's capabilities, and secondly because it is available in most academic institutions, in all universities and in the research departments of many companies. Text and figures were adapted to the recent MATLAB® version. "

"Danau merupakan tempat bermuaranya segala jenis pencemaran.Penelitian ini menghitung dan mensimulasikan perkembangan nilai ekonomi dari setiap tipe penggunaan lahan, tingkat pencemaran serta menganalisis tingkat kerentanan sosial ekonomi masyarakat nagari.Studi ini mengungkapkan bahwa dari tipe penggunaan lahan yang memperlihatkan perkembangan ekonomi dan tingkat kerusakan yang tinggi adalah penggunaan lahan KJA. Pertumbuhan ekonomi KJA tahun 2014 mencapai 1,5 trilyun rupiah, sedangkan kondisi IMLP perairan danau tahun 2014 adalah 60,37 yang berarti Danau Maninjau dalam kondis tercemar sedang. Dilihat dari tingkat kerentanan sosial ekonomi masyarakat nagari yang ada di KDM ditemukan bahwa nagari yang termasuk rentan yaitu Nagari Tanjung sani, Nagari Sungai Batang, Nagari Bayur, Nagari Koto Malintang dan Nagari Maninjau. Alternatif kebijakan mitigasi dengan menggunakan analisis hierarki proses diajukan prioritas kebijakan mitigasi ekosistem danau maninjau berkelanjutan pada kawasan rentan yaitu mengembangkan pertanian lahan kering, menerapkan pertanian pada lahan basah, penguatan hukum adat dan nilai-nilai tradisi, membuat pakan organik yang ramah lingkungan, mengembangakan ekonomi kreatif.

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The lake is place boils down all kinds of pollution. This study calculate and simulate the development of economic value from each type land use, the level of pollution and to analyze the vulnerability of socioeconomic villages. This study revealed that from types of land use that demonstrate the economic development and a high level of damage is land use Floating Net Cages (FNC). FNC economic growth in 2014 reached 1.5 trillion IDR, while the condition of Water Qualityindex(WQI) of the lake in 2014 was 64,56, which means Maninjau Lake in polluted conditions being. Judging from the level of social and economic vulnerability village communities that exist in the lake area maninjau found sub-districts that are prone namely Tanjung sani, Sungai Batang, Bayur, Koto Malintang and Maninjau. Alternative mitigation policies by using analytical hierarchy process proposed priority mitigation policies lake ecosystems maninjau sustainable in areas vulnerable are developing dryland agriculture, agricultural implement on wetlands, strengthening of customary law and traditional values, making organic feed environmentally friendly, develop the creative economy."

"Timbal (Pb) merupakan logam berat dengan nomor atom 82 dan massa atom 207,2. Timbal bersumber dari alam, industri, serta transportasi. Timbal dari industri berasal dari industri baterai, industri kimia, industri bahan bakar, dan industri peleburan aki bekas serta dari transportasi berasal dari bahan bakar kendaraan bermotor. Sumber-sumber logam timbal ini dapat menyebabkan pajanan timbal ke dalam lingkungan sehingga mengakibatkan terjadinya pencemaran udara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat risiko kesehatan (Risk Quotient) akibat pajanan timbal pada masyarakat lingkungan di sekitar Kawasan Industri Manis, Banten. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan April-Juli tahun 2019 menggunakan metode penelitian Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan (ARKL). Metode penelitian ini untuk menghitung atau memprakirakan risiko pada kesehatan manusia. Nilai RQ dinyatakan berisiko jika RQ>1. Nilai pengukuran timbal (Pb) didapat dari dua titik sampling uji udara ambien di sekitar Kawasan Industri Manis yaitu 1,58 μg/Nm3 pada titik 1 dan 0,23 μg/Nm3 pada titik 2. Nilai rata-rata pengukuran timbal (Pb) dari kedua titik adalah 0,905 μg/Nm3. Hasil pengukuran tersebut masih dibawah Baku Mutu Udara Ambien yang ditetapkan dalam PP Nomor 41 Tahun 1999. Nilai jumlah asupan pada penelitian ini dihitung secara real time dan life span. Nilai jumlah asupan pajanan timbal (Pb) dengan durasi pajanan real time yaitu 2,2038x10-4 mg/kg/hari. Sedangkan nilai jumlah asupan dengan durasi pajanan life span adalah 2,8746x10-4 mg/kg/hari. Nilai tingkat risiko dihitung dengan membandingkan antara nilai asupan (intake) dengan nilai default RfC. Nilai RfC didapatkan dari IRIS US-EPA yaitu 4,93x10-4 mg/kg/hari. Nilai tingkat risiko dihitung berdasarkan beberapa durasi pajanan mencakup real time dan life span (1, 10, 23, 30, 60, dan 100 tahun). Nilai tingkat risiko (RQ) akibat pajanan timbal (Pb) yang didapatkan adalah 0,0388; 0,194; 0,447; 0,583; 1,166; dan 1,943.

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Lead (Pb) is a heavy metal with an atomic number of 82 and an atomic mass of 207.2. Lead is sourced from nature, industry, and transportation. Lead from industry comes from the battery industry, chemical industry, fuel industry, and used battery smelting industries as well as from transportation derived from motor vehicle fuel. These sources of lead metal can cause lead exposure into the environment resulting in air pollution. This study aims to determine the level of health risk (Risk Quotient) due to lead exposure to the neighborhood community of Manis Industrial Zone, Banten. This research was conducted in April-July 2019 using the method of research Environmental Health Risk Analysis (ARKL). This research method is to calculate or predict risks to human health. RQ value is stated as risk if RQ >1. The measurement value of lead (Pb) was obtained from two ambient air tes sampling points around the Manis Industrial Zone was 1.58 μg/Nm3 at the first point and 0.23 μg/Nm3 at the second point. The average value of lead (Pb) measurement from both points is 0.905 μg/Nm3. The results of these measurements are still below the Ambient Air Quality Standard according to PP No. 41 Tahun 1999. The amount of intake in this study is calculated in real time and life span. The value of lead (Pb) exposure intake with real time exposure duration was 2.2038 x10-4 mg/kg/day. While the value of the amount of intake with the duration of life span exposure is 2.8746x10-4 mg/kg/day. The value of the risk level is calculated by comparing the value of the intake with the default value of the RfC. The RfC value was obtained from IRIS US-EPA which was 4.93x10-4 mg/kg/day. Risk level values are calculated based on several exposures including real time and life span (1, 10, 23, 30, 60, and 100 years). The value of risk level (RQ) due to lea exposure (Pb) obtained is 0.0388; 0.194; 0.447; 0,583; 1,166; and 1,943."

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ABSTRACTThe second edition evolves from the first by providing additional emphasis and material for those students wishing to specialize in environmental modelling. This edition: Focuses on simplifying complex environmental systems. Reviews current software, tools and techniques for modelling. Gives practical examples from a wide variety of disciplines, e.g. climatology, ecology, hydrology, geomorphology and engineering. Has an associated website containing colour images, links to WWW resources and chapter support pages, including data sets relating to case studies, exercises and model animations. This book is suitable for final year undergraduates and postgraduates in environmental modelling, environmental science, civil engineering and biology who will already be familiar with the subject and are moving on to specialize in the field. It is also designed to appeal to professionals interested in the environmental sciences, including environmental consultants, government employees, civil engineers, geographers, ecologists, meteorologists, and geochemists."