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"Deepening the discussion of the relationship between Islamic law and human rights, this volume gathers leading experts in both fields to examine how each system protects and limits fundamental freedoms. From gender equality to freedom of religion the book explores the main flashpoints in the debate, examining the operation of the law in context."

"Peperangan pada masa Nabi Muhammad merupakan lembaran sejarah peperangan yang pertama kali mereformasi kode etik perang menjadi beradab dan berprikemanusiaan. Kaidah-kaidah perang yang pernah diterapkan oleh Nabi Muhammad, seperti Iarangan membunuh orang yang tidak aktif berperang (non-combatant), larangan menghancurkan sumber penghidupan dan anjuran memperlakukan tawanan dengan baik, setidaknya menjadi fakta betapa Nabi Muhammad menjunjung tinggi nllai-nilai kehormatan manusia (human dignity) meskipun dalam kondisi perang. Akan tetapi masih banyak dari kalangan orientalis yang memiiiki persepsi negatif terhadap bentuk peperangan dan operasi militer Nabi Muhammad.Tujuan dari penulisan ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana bentukbentuk perlindungan Hak Asasi Manusia dan aturan perang yang pernah diterapkan oleh Nabi Muhammad. Selanjutnya, penulis juga ingin mengetahui apakah kebijakan-kebijakan Nabi yang terkait dengan peperangannya bertentangan dengan pasal-pasal Konvensi Jenewa (1949) berikut dua protokol tambahannya (1977) dan Konvensi Den Haag (1929). Penulisan thesis ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan paradigma kontruktivism. Fenomena peperangan yang terjadi pada masa Nabi Muhammad akan penulis pahami dari perspektif luar (other perspective) berdasakan pasal-pasal yang terdapat dalam konvensi tersebut. Adapun kerangka pemikiran dibangun dengan menggunakan Teori Perang dan Damai, Hukum Humaniter Internasional, dan Hak Asasi Manusia. Agenda perjanjian gencatan senjata, pengiriman delegasi ke luar negeri dan strategi Nabi Muhammad di medan perang, mempunyai arti yuridis yang sangat berharga dan secara tidak Iangsung mendukung cita-cita Hukum Humaniter Internasional, yaitu untuk meminimalisir jatuhnya korban dan menghindari kerusakan yang tidak perlu. Peperangan Nabi Muhammad sesungguhnya merupakan respons terhadap tindakan-tindakan resisten yang dilancarkan oleh lawan-lawan politiknya atau tindakan untuk mempertahankan diri (self defence) dari segala bentuk serangan. Instrumen kekerasan dipakai oleh Nabi jika memang upaya rekonsiliasi dengan musuh manual kegagalan.Dari uraian singkat di atas, dapat disimpulkan bahwa bentuk-bentuk perlindungan Hak Asasi Manusia yang diterapkan Nabi Muhammad dalam kondisi perang sejalan dengan ide-ide kemanusiaan seperti yang dikehendaki oleh Hukum Humaniter Internasional. Pada gilirannya fakta tersebut lambat laun menepis image Orientalis tentang pribadi Muhammad yang garang dan lebih senang berperang daripada berunding.

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The history of war in the Prophet Muhammad era was the first reformation of the war ethic code to become more civilized and humanities. The principle of war that had ever been applied by the prophet Muhammad such as prohibition to kill non-combatant to destroy resources and suggestion to treat well a captivated people. At least these examples are becoming as a matter of facts that the prophet Muhammad glorified the principles of human dignity even in the battle. However. most of orientalists are still have a negative perception toward war formation and military operation at prophet Muhammad SAW.

The purpose of this thesis is know how the formations of protection of human rights and a rules of war which had been applied by the prophet Muhammad. Thus, I want to know that are the prophet policies have a contradiction with a clauses of Geneva Convention in 1949 and its two addition rules in 1977 and a Den Haag Convention dictates in 1929. This thesis uses a qualitative method with a constructive paradigm. I'd like to understand the war phenomenon that happened in Muhammad period from the other perspective relies on the clauses in that convention. Now, a frame work which is developed by using war and peace theory, International Humanitarian Law and Human rights. The agenda of truce agreement, dispatching a delegation to abroad and the prophet strategy in the battle have a priceless jurisdiction meaning and indirectly can be carry on the back of International Humanitarian Law-will. The mean to the minimize number of victim and avoid unnecessary destruction. Actually. war if the prophet Muhammad responded for resistant action from his political enemies or for self defense of any kind of attack. The violent instrument would be use by the prophet-lithe reconciliation effort to the enemy was failed.

The short or explanation above can be concluded. that the forms of Human Rights protection which had been applied by the prophet Muhammad in the war in compliance with humanity ideas as well orientalists image about Muhammad as a person who I fierce and prefer to wage war rather than to confer."

"Even though the concept of human rights mainstreaming is not new to publicinternational law, it has recently gained increased recognition as a practicalapproach for recognizing the linkages between human rights and other socialjustice issues such as environmental protection. A plenitude of literature havebeen generated on the need to recognize and enforce human rights standardsand norms in a wide range of issues including environment, health, gender,poverty, food, water and refugee protection to mention but a few. Despitethe rapid ascendancy of the human rights mainstreaming concept, muchattention have not been given to the scope of human rights mainstreamingand the practical aspects of human rights mainstreaming, particularlywhether institutions consisting of ?outsiders? to the human rights epistemiccommunity can interpret and enforce human rights obligation. Put simply, doenvironmentalists, scientists and outsiders to human rights have the capacityto mainstream human rights? This paper examines the scope and tenetsof human rights mainstreaming, it then discusses the practical aspects ofmainstreaming human rights into policy making, particularly how epistemicconcerns on human rights mainstreaming can be addressed in national andinternational policy design and implementation.There is virtually no aspect of our work that does not have a human rightsdimension. Whether we are talking about peace and security, development,humanitarian action, the struggle against terrorism, climate change, none ofthese challenges can be addressed in isolation from human rights."

"The concept of religious freedom is the modern human rights concept, with which the modern world hopes to tackle the phenomenon of religious pluralism, as our modern existence in an electronically shrinking globe comes to be increasingly characterised by this phenomenon. To begin with, the concept of religious freedom, as embodied in Article 18 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, seems self-evident in nature. It is the claim of this book, however, that although emblematic on the one hand, the concept is also problematic on the other, and the implications of the concept of religious freedom are far from self-evident, despite the ready acceptance the term receives as embodying a worthwhile goal. This book therefore problematizes the concept along legal, constitutional, ethical and theological lines, and especially from the perspective of religious studies, so that religious freedom in the world could be enlarged in a way which promotes human flourishing."

"Summary:Elgar Advanced Introductions are stimulating and thoughtful introductions to major fields in the social sciences and law, expertly written by the world's leading scholars."

"By offering a well-balanced analysis of a wide range of issues, and by suggesting further reading on each, this volume makes an excellent effort to provide a complete picture of human rights as a system. The volume will leave every reader with a more advanced understanding of human rights, and I give it my most sincere recommendation."