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"[ABSTRAKAsaro valproat adalah satu dari banyak obat yang digunakan sebagai antiepilepsi dan memiliki banyak efek samping, sehingga direkomendasikan untuk menentukan konsentrasinya di dalam plasma. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memvalidasi metode analisis asam valproat setelah diderivatisasi dengan 2,4-dibromoasetofenon di dalam plasma in-vitro dan in-vivo, menggunakan kromatografi cair kinerja tinggi- Photo Diode Array.Asam valproat dan asam nonanoat sebagai baku dalam diekstraksi dari plasma dengan etil asetat. Supematan yang diperoleh dinetralkan dan diuapkan, kemudian residu kering direkonstitusi dengan larutan penderivat-katalis dalam asetonitril kemudian diderivatisasi pada suhu 75°C selama 25 menit. Pemisahan dilakukan menggunakan kolom C18 Sunfire ® (250 mm x 4,6, 5 Jlm) dengan elusi isokratik menggunakan fase gerak asetonitril-air (73 :27). Pengukuran dilakukan pada panjang gelombang 294 nm dengan kecepatan alir 1,5 mL/menit. Metode ini valid berdasarkan hasil LOQ 4,75 flg/mL, perolehan kembali relatif konsentrasi rendah, sedang dan tinggi berturut-turut 100,67%, 99,78%, dan 93,16%. Koefisien variasi intra dan inter day dan persen penyimpangan (SD) dari metode ini masuk dalam kriteria penerimaan, yaitu dibawah ± 15%. Kurva kalibrasi linier dalam plasma in-vitro (Y = 0,0123 + 0,0085X) pada konsentrasi 4,75-237,75 Jlg/mL dengan nilai r =0,9999. Metode yang dihasilkan dapat diaplikasikan untuk menetapkan kadar asam valproat dalam plasma setelah pemberian secara oral tablet natrium divalproat 500 mg.

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ABSTRACTValproic acid is one of mostly used antiepileptic drug which have side effects, so it is highly recommended to evaluate its plasma concentration The aim of the research was to validate a method for the determination valproic acid in plasma in-vitro and in-vivo after derivatization with 2,4-dibromasetofenon using high performance liquid chromatography-photo diode array. Valproic acid and internal standard nonanoic acid were extracted from plasma sample with ethyl acetate. Then supematan was neutralizatied and evaporated. dried residue reconsituted in derivate-catalyst solution then derivatized at 75°C for25 minutes. The resulting derivatives were separated on a Sunfire C18 (250 mm x 4.6, 5 Jlm) reverse phase column with acetonitrile-water (73:27) asmobile phase, were detected at 294 nm and analysis were tun at flow rate 1.5 mL/minute. The calibration curve in plasma in-vitro ( Y =0.0123 + 0.0085 x) presented good linier (r = 0.9999) between 4.75-237.75 Jlg/mL with LLOQ4.75 Jlg/mL. The mean of relative recovery at low concentration, middle concentration and high concentration are 100.67%, 99.78%, and 93.16 %, respectively. Intra- and inter- day coefficient of variation and percent error value of the assay method were all acceptable range ± 15%. The presented method was might be applied to the determine of the valproic acid concentration in plasma after oral administration of 500 mg sodium divalproate., Valproic acid is one of mostly used antiepileptic drug which have side effects, so it is highly recommended to evaluate its plasma concentration The aim of the research was to validate a method for the determination valproic acid in plasma in-vitro and in-vivo after derivatization with 2,4-dibromasetofenon using high performance liquid chromatography-photo diode array. Valproic acid and internal standard nonanoic acid were extracted from plasma sample with ethyl acetate. Then supematan was neutralizatied and evaporated. dried residue reconsituted in derivate-catalyst solution then derivatized at 75°C for25 minutes. The resulting derivatives were separated on a Sunfire C18 (250 mm x 4.6, 5 Jlm) reverse phase column with acetonitrile-water (73:27) asmobile phase, were detected at 294 nm and analysis were tun at flow rate 1.5 mL/minute. The calibration curve in plasma in-vitro ( Y =0.0123 + 0.0085 x) presented good linier (r = 0.9999) between 4.75-237.75 Jlg/mL with LLOQ4.75 Jlg/mL. The mean of relative recovery at low concentration, middle concentration and high concentration are 100.67%, 99.78%, and 93.16 %, respectively. Intra- and inter- day coefficient of variation and percent error value of the assay method were all acceptable range ± 15%. The presented method was might be applied to the determine of the valproic acid concentration in plasma after oral administration of 500 mg sodium divalproate.]"

"Asam valproat adalah satu dari banyak obat yang digunakan sebagai antiepilepsi dan memiliki banyak efek samping, sehingga direkomendasikan untuk menentukan konsentrasinya di dalam plasma. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memvalidasi metode analisis asam valproat setelah diderivatisasi dengan 2,4-dibromoasetofenon di dalam plasma in-vitro dan in-vivo, menggunakan kromatografi cair kinerja tinggi- Photo Diode Array. Asam valproat dan asam nonanoat sebagai baku dalam diekstraksi dari plasma dengan etil asetat. Supernatan yang diperoleh dinetralkan dan diuapkan, kemudian residu kering direkonstitusi dengan larutan penderivatkatalis dalam asetonitril kemudian diderivatisasi pada suhu 75ºC selama 25 menit. Pemisahan dilakukan menggunakan kolom C18 Sunfire ® (250 mm x 4,6, 5 µm) dengan elusi isokratik menggunakan fase gerak asetonitril-air (73 :27). Pengukuran dilakukan pada panjang gelombang 294 nm dengan kecepatan alir 1,5 mL/menit. Metode ini valid berdasarkan hasil LOQ 4,75 µg/mL, perolehan kembali relatif konsentrasi rendah, sedang dan tinggi berturut-turut 100,67%, 99,78%, dan 93,16%. Koefisien variasi intra dan inter day dan persen penyimpangan (SD) dari metode ini masuk dalam kriteria penerimaan, yaitu dibawah ± 15%. Kurva kalibrasi linier dalam plasma in-vitro (Y = 0,0123 + 0,0085X) pada konsentrasi 4,75-237,75 µg/mL dengan nilai r = 0,9999. Metode yang dihasilkan dapat diaplikasikan untuk menetapkan kadar asam valproat dalam plasma setelah pemberian secara oral tablet natrium divalproat 500 mg.

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Valproic acid is one of mostly used antiepileptic drug which have side effects, so it is highly recommended to evaluate its plasma concentration The aim of the research was to validate a method for the determination valproic acid in plasma in-vitro and in-vivo after derivatization with 2,4-dibromasetofenon using high performance liquid chromatography-photo diode array. Valproic acid and internal standard nonanoic acid were extracted from plasma sample with ethyl acetate. Then supernatan was neutralizatied and evaporated. dried residue reconsituted in derivatecatalyst solution then derivatized at 75ºC for 25 minutes. The resulting derivatives were separated on a Sunfire C18 (250 mm x 4.6, 5 µm) reverse phase column with acetonitrile-water (73:27) as mobile phase , were detected at 294 nm and analysis were run at flow rate 1.5 mL/minute. The calibration curve in plasma in-vitro ( Y =0.0123 + 0.0085 x ) presented good linier (r = 0.9999) between 4.75-237.75 µg/mL with LLOQ 4.75 µg/mL. The mean of relative recovery at low concentration, middle concentration and high concentration are 100.67%, 99.78%, and 93.16 %, respectively. Intra- and inter- day coefficient of variation and percent error value of the assay method were all acceptable range ± 15%. The presented method was might be applied to the determine of the valproic acid concentration in plasma after oral administration of 500 mg sodium divalproate."

"Gabapentin, an anticonvulsant drug is used in the treatment of epilepsy, which has small dose therapeutic in blood plasma. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) needs sensitive and specific analytical method.The aim of this study was to obtaine optimized method for analytical gabapentine in plasma (in vitro) with High Performance Liquid Chromatography - fluorescence and validation the method. The method involves derivatization of the primary amine group of gabapentin with dansyl chloride produce flurescence agent and could be analyzed with high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence.In this research was used column Lichrosphere C18 ,10 μm, 250 x 10 μm, reverse phase with mobile phase 50 mmol/L sodium dihydrogen phosphate in 50 % acetonitrile. Flow rate of 1.7 mL/minutes, and fluorometric detection ( excitation and emission wavelength ; 318 nm and 510 nm ). For the range concentration of 0.1 ? 10 μg/mL have correlation coefficients of the calibration curves (r) is 0.9982 with a lower limit of quantification of gabapentin in 30 ng/mL. The results of validation method fulfilled for the given criterias."

"Asam valproat merupakan salah satu obat antiepilepsi yang sering digunakan yang memiliki banyak efek samping sehingga perlu dilakukan pengukuran kadarnya dalam plasma. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan metode analisis asam valproat tanpa derivatisasi dalam plasma mulai dari kondisi kromatografi optimum, metode preparasi plasma optimum, validasi metode analisis, hingga aplikasi metode analisis tervalidasi. Kondisi kromatografi optimum adalah kolom C-8 Symmetry® (5 µm; 150 x 3,9 mm), suhu kolom 45oC; fase gerak dapar natrium dihidrogen fosfat 40 mM pH 3,5 – asetonitril (56 : 44 %v/v); laju alir 1,00 mL/menit; detektor photodiode array pada panjang gelombang 210 nm; dan asam nonanoat sebagai baku dalam. Metode preparasi optimum adalah metode ekstraksi cair-cair menggunakan asam fosfat dan n-heksana diekstraksi dengan 150 µL trietilamin 0,5%; pengocokan dengan vorteks selama 2 menit; dan pemutaran dengan sentrifugasi selama 10 menit. Hasil validasi terhadap metode analisis asam valproat yang dilakukan memenuhi persyaratan validasi berdasarkan EMEA Bioanalytical Guideline tahun 2011. Metode yang diperoleh linear pada rentang konsentrasi 2,0 – 200,0 µg/mL dengan r > 0,9992. Metode analisis yang valid ini berhasil diaplikasikan terhadap satu orang subjek sehat yang diberikan sediaan kaplet lepas lambat yang mengandung 500 mg asam valproat.

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Valproic acid is one of mostly used antiepileptic drug which has many side effects, therefore it is highly recommended to determine its plasma concentration. The aim of the research was to develop an analytical method of valproic acid without derivatization in human plasma from optimal chromatographic condition, optimal sample preparation, analytical method validation, until its application. The optimal chromatographic condition was obtained using : C-8 Symmetry® column (5 µm; 150 x 3,9 mm), temperature 45oC; the mobile phase contains buffer sodium dihydrogen phosphate 40 mM pH 3.5 – acetonitrile (56 : 44 %v/v); flow rate was 1.00 mL/min; which was detected by photodiode array detector at wavelength of 210 nm; and nonanoic acid as internal standard. The optimal sample preparation was carried out by liquid-liquid extraction method using phosphoric acid and n-hexane extracted using 150 µL triethylamine 0.5%; vortex-mixing for 2 minutes; and centrifugation for 10 minutes. The results of validation fulfilled the acceptance criteria of validation method based on EMEA Bioanalytical Guideline 2011. The method was linear at concentration range of 2.0 – 200.0 µg/mL with r > 0.9992. Validated method analysis was applied to determine valproic acid concentration in one healthy volunteer after oral administration of 500 mg valproic acid extended release caplet."

"Metode kromatografi cair kinerja tinggi yang sederhana dan reprodusibel telahdikembangkan untuk penentuan kadar sulfametoksazol (SMX) dan trimetoprim(TMP) secara simultan di dalam tablet dan plasma manusia secara in vitro. Sistemkromatografi terdiri dari kolom C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) dengan fase gerakasetonitril-air-trietilamin (20:80:0,1 v/v), pH 5,9 ± 0,1 diatur dengan NaOH 0,2 Ndan asam asetat 1%. Larutan dideteksi pada panjang gelombang UV 240 nm dananalisis dilakukan pada laju alir 1,0 mL/menit suhu ruang. Sebagai baku dalamdigunakan sulfadimidin. Pada validasi tablet, metode dinyatakan linear dengannilai koefisien korelasi (r) untuk trimetoprim dan sulfametoksazol berturut-turut0,9994 dan 0,9996; presisi dengan nilai koefisien variasi (KV) 0,85% dan 0,98%;serta akurat dengan nilai perolehan kembali untuk 3 konsentrasi sebesar 98% -102%. Proses ekstraksi plasma dilakukan dengan metode pengendapan proteinmenggunakan asetonitril kemudian divortex selama 40 detik dan disentrifugasipada kecepatan 12500 rpm selama 15 menit. Pada validasi plasma, nilai perolehankembali rata-rata untuk trimetoprim dan sulfametoksazol berturut-turut 94,95%dan 86,87% serta nilai LLOQ berturut-turut 0,15 μg/mL dan 0,75 μg/mL. Metodeini juga memenuhi kriteria akurasi dan presisi intra hari dan antar hari selama 5hari dengan % diff tidak melampaui ± 20% pada LLOQ dan ± 15% padakonsentrasi selain LLOQ. Pada uji stabilitas, kotrimoksazol dalam plasmadinyatakan tetap stabil selama 30 hari."

"Esomeprazol merupakan salah satu obat penghambat pompa proton yang efektif untuk mempertahankan pH lambung. Esomeprazol dibuat dalam bentuk tablet salut selaput sehingga termasuk obat wajib Uji Bioekivalensi menurut Peraturan Kepala Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Republik Indonesia tentang Obat Wajib Uji Ekivalensi. Uji Bioekivalensi obat harus menggunakan metode bioanalisis yang tervalidasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan metode analisis esomeprazol dalam plasma mulai dari kondisi kromatografi optimum, metode preparasi plasma optimum, hingga validasi metode analisis. Kondisi kromatografi optimum adalah kolom C-18 (Waters, SunfireTM 5 µm; 250 x 4,6 mm), suhu kolom 40°C; fase gerak asetonitril - dapar fosfat pH 7,6 (40 : 60 %v/v); laju alir 1,00 mL/menit; detektor photodiode array pada panjang gelombang 300 nm; dan lansoprazol sebagai baku dalam. Preparasi sampel menggunakan metode ekstraksi cair-cair dengan pelarut diklorometan lalu dikeringkan dengan gas nitrogen pada suhu 40°C selama 30 menit; dan direkonstitusi dengan fase gerak sebanyak 100 µL. Hasil validasi terhadap metode analisis esomeprazol yang dilakukan memenuhi persyaratan validasi berdasarkan EMEA Bioanalytical Guideline tahun 2011. Metode yang diperoleh linear pada rentang konsentrasi 5,0 - 450,0 ng/mL dengan r > 0,9997.

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Esomeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor drug that is effective to maintain the pH of the stomach. Esomeprazole was formulated as film coated tablet that includes mandatory drug testing bioequivalence according to Regulation Head of National Agency of Drug and Food of the Republic of Indonesia about Mandatory Drug Testing equivalences. Drug bioequivalence trials should use validated bioanalytical method. This research aimed to develop analytical methods esomeprazole in human plasma from optimum chromatographic conditions, the optimum plasma preparation method, until the validation of analytical methods. The optimum chromatographic condition was obtain using C-18 column (Waters, Sunfire? 5 μm; 250 x 4.6 mm), column temperature 40°C; mobile phase acetonitrile - phosphate buffer pH 7.6 (40: 60% v/v); a flow rate of 1.00 mL/min; photodiode array detector at a wavelength of 300 nm; and lansoprazole as internal standard. Sample preparation using liquid-liquid extraction with dichloromethane as solvent and then dried with nitrogen gas at a temperature of 40°C for 30 minutes; and reconstituted with mobile phase of 100 mL. The results of validation fulfilled the acceptance criteria of validation method based on EMEA Bioanalytical Guideline 2011. The method was linear at concentration range of 5.0 to 450.0 ng / mL with r > 0.9997."

"Glukosamin HCl merupakan obat yang digunakan dalam pengobatan osteoarthritis. Saat ini semakin banyak penggunaan obat Glukosamin HCl secara transdermal, dimana obat ini akan melewati sirkulasi sistemik, sehingga kadarnya di dalam darah perlu dipantau. Metode analisis menggunakan Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Tinggi (KCKT) dengan detektor fluorosensi telah dikembangkan dan dioptimasi untuk analisis glukosamin HCl dalam plasma manusia in vitro. Glukosamin HCl harus diderivatisasi terlebih dahulu dengan orto-ftalaldehida/ 2- merkaptoetanol untuk mendapatkan gugus kromofor sehingga dapat terdeteksi pada detektor fluorosensi. Glukosamin HCl diekstraksi dari plasma dengan menggunakan asetonitril. Kromatografi dilaksanakan menggunakan kolom faseterbalik Lichrospher® 100 RP-18 (5μm, Merck), fase gerak asetonitril-air yang mengandung 0,25% tetrahidrofuran (11:89) pada kecepatan alir 1,0 mL/menit dan dideteksi pada panjang gelombang eksitasi 335 nm dan emisi 445 nm. Kondisi optimum ini membutuhkan waktu analisis 19.948 menit. Pada rentang konsentrasi 0,0502-10,0400 μg/ml dihasilkan kurva kalibrasi yang linier dengan koefisien korelasi (r) 0,9997. Akurasi (% diff) dari metode ini antara -3,72 hingga 4,39 % dengan presisi (KV) antara 2,23 hingga 3,09%, dan uji perolehan kembali relatif antara 96,28% sampai 104,39%.

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Glucosamine HCl is a drug which is used in osteoarthritis treatment. Recently the use of transdermal?s Glucosamine HCl is increasing, wether glucosamine HCl will pass the systemic circulation, thereby monitoring the blood drug level is necessary. A method using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorosence detector has been developed for analysis of glucosamine HCl in human plasma in vitro. Before Glucosamine HCl can be detected by fluorosence detector, it must be derivatived with orthophtalaldehyde/2-mercaptoethanol, in order to get chromophore group. Glucosamine HCl was extracted from plasma using acetonitrile. The chromatography was carried out by a reversed-phase Lichrospher® 100 RP-18 (5μm, Merck) with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-water containing tetrahydrofuran 0,25% (11:89) at flow rate 1,0 mL/minute and detection was performed at excitation wavelength of 335 nm and emission wavelength of 445nm. This optimum condition was take 19.948 minutes for analysis. Linearity was established for range concentration of 0,0502-10 μg/ml with coefficient correlation (r) was 0,9997. Accuracy (% diff) ranged from -3,72 to 4,39 % , precision (CV) ranged."