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"ABSTRAKMasyarakat perkotaan dengan berbagai dinamika kehidupan yang kompleks, menjadi ancaman bagi kesehatan ibu hamil yang cenderung mengikuti gaya hidup modern. Gaya hidup seperti mengkonsumsi makanan cepat saji, kurang aktivitas, merokok, alkohol, dan lainnya, berisiko mengganggu kesehatan ibu dan kualitas hidup janin salah satunya gangguan neurologi. Gangguan neurologi seperti serebral palsy selain menyerang koordinasi motorik, juga dapat menyebabkan gangguan pada sfingter esofagus bawah yang memicu terjadinya gastroesofagus refluks GER . Gastroesophageal refluks GER merupakan pengaliran kembali isi lambung ke dalam esofagus dan merupakan kondisi fisiologis yang terjadi hampir pada semua neonatus atau bayi. GER dapat menyebabkan terjadinya aspirasi, penurunan berat badan akibat muntah berulang. Jika tidak ditangani dengan baik, maka risiko kurang gizi bahkan kematian akibat aspirasi dapat terjadi. Salah satu intervensi keperawatan yang dilakukan pada klien adalah ldquo;upright position rdquo;. Hasil intervensi menunjukkan adanya pengurangan frekuensi muntah melalui intervensi keperawatan ldquo;upright position rdquo;. Kata kunci : Intervensi keperawatan, gastroesofagus refluks GER , upright position

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ABSTRACTUrban communities with various dynamics of complex life, becoming a threat for health of pregnant women who tend to follow modern lifestyle. Lifestyle such as eating fast food, inactivity, smoking, alcohol, and other risk disturbing the health of mothers and fetuses quality life, like a neurological disorders. Neurological disorders such as cerebral palsy than attacking the motor coordination, it can also cause disturbances in the lower esophageal sphincter which triggered the gastroesophageal reflukx GER . Gastroesophageal reflukx GER is the passage of gastric contents into the esophagus and is a physiological condition that occurs in virtually all neonates or infants. GER can cause aspiration, weight loss due to repeated vomiting. If not handled properly, then the risk of malnutrition and even death can occur due to aspiration. One of the nursing interventions performed on the client is ldquo uprigth position rdquo . Intervention results indicate a reduction in the frequency of vomiting through nuring interventions uprigth position rdquo . Keywords Nursing intervention, gastroesophageal reflux GER , upright position"

"ABSTRAKLingkungan multisensori dapat dimanfaatkan untuk terapi kemampuan indra berbagai penyakit, salah satunya cerebral palsy. Stimulasi yang dihadirkan lingkungan multisensori dapat melatih proses multisensori sekaligus menciptakan ruang yang nyaman untuk dieksplorasi penderita cerebral palsy dalam kekurangan indra dan motoriknya. Kebutuhan penderita cerebral palsy akan dianalisis dan diperbandingkan dengan stimulasi yang hadir pada dua kasus yang diambil: Mohawk College Multisensory Lab dan Sensory Space. Melalui analisis ini dapat dipahami bahwa stimulasi dari elemen ruang multisensori berupa suasana ruang terkontrol, pemicu interaksi dengan objek, dan rangkaian pengalaman mengindra dapat dimanfaatkan untuk relaksasi, melatih kemampuan indra, mengurangi seizure, dan melatih pemahaman sebab-akibat penderita cerebral palsy.

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ABSTRAKMultisensory environment can be utilised as a sensory therapy for people with disabilities, such as cerebral palsy. Stimulations emerged in a multisensory environment could train multisensory process as it also provide an accessible environment for people with cerebral palsy to explore within their sensory and motoric impairment. The needs of people with cerebral palsy will be analysed and compared with stimulations founded in two cases: Mohawk College Multisensory Lab and Sensory Space. From this analysis, it can be concluded that stimulations given from spatial elements of multisensory environment in form of controllable spatial atmosphere, triggering interaction with objects, and series of sensory experiences can be utilised for relaxation, training sensory ability, minimising chance of seizure, and train cause-effect understanding for people with cerebral palsy."

"Para difabel (different ability) sering tidak memiliki kesempatan untuk melakukan kegiatan layaknya individu lainnya akibat adanya stigma negatif, keterbatasan sarana, dan kelemahan penerapan kebijakan. Skripsi ini membahas mengenai keterbatasan fisik akibat Cerebral Palsy yang tidak menjadi penghalang mencapai cita-cita pada diri difabel. Melalui metode autoetnografi, penelitian ini menganalis pengalaman personal saat menjalani pendidikan, serta pengalaman berinteraksi dengan orang-orang di lingkungan sosial dalam perjalanan meraih cita-cita. Faktor penting untuk mencapai cita-cita adalah rasa percaya diri, serta dukungan pengelola pendidikan dalam menyiapkan sarana dalam proses pembelajaran. Terdapat beberapa penerapan kebijakan yang tidak mendukung kelancaran aktivitas para difabel.

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Difabel (people with different ability) often have no opportunity to do activities like other people due to negative stigmas, limited facilities, and the weakness of policies framework. This scription discusses on the physical limitations due to Cerebral Palsy which is not hindering the achievement of difabel’s future. Through auto-etnography method, this research analyses the personal experiences in educational environment and other social environments. The important factors which contribute to achieving goals future self-confidence as well as support from education managers in setting up facilities. There are some policies that do not favor the fluency of difabel’s activities."

"Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai tingkat kecerdasan pasien anak penyandang kelumpuhan otak (CP) di Yayasan pembinaan anak cacad (YPAC) Medan, dengan menghubungkan antara jenis CP, derajat retardasi mental, serta jenis kelamin. Penelitian dilaksanakan secara potong lintang, meliputi semua pasien dengan CP yang terdaftar dalam buku registrasi poliklinik YPAC Medan antara Juli 1987-Juni 1998. Semua di antara 74 pasien yang diikutsertakan dalam penelitian ini mempunyai IQ di bawah rata-rata dan 62% di antaranya berjenis perempuan. Jenis yang paling banyak ialah tipe spastik (65%), kemudian campuran (16%), diskinetik (11%) dan hipotonik (8%). Secara keseluruhan, golongan CP campuran mempunyai derajat retardasi mental paling berat. Secara statistik terdapat hubungan bermakna antara jenis CP dengan tingkat retardasi mental (P < 0.001), dan tak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara jenis CP dengan jenis kelamin. (Med J Indones 2002; 11: 242-5)

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Children with cerebral palsy has been investigated at YPAC (Yayasan Pembinaan Anak Cacat / Institute for Crippled Children) Medan to obtain the detailed description of patient?s intelligence level referring to cerebral palsy types and to determine the relationship between palsy types and mental retardation level as well as to relate cerebral palsy types and sex. The study is cross-sectionally conducted involving all cerebral palsy patients listed in registration book of YPAC Policlinic Medan from July 1987 to June 1998. Of 74 patients participated in the study, all had IQ under average and 62% them were female. The most common type is spastic (65%), followed by mixed (16%), dyskinetic (11%) and hypotonic (8%), respectively. Overall, the mixed type had severe mental retardation. Statistically, there is a significant relationship between cerebral palsy types and mental retardation level (p < 0.001). There is no significant relationship between cerebral palsy types and sex. (Med J Indones 2002; 11: 242-5)"

"Cerebral palsy (CP) merupakan kelainan motorik yang banyak ditemukan pada anakanak dan kejadiannya semakin meningkat setiap tahun. Secara umum, merawat cerebral palsy membebani secara fisik, mental, sosial dan ekonomi. Penelitian fenomenologi ini penting dilakukan untuk mengeksplorasi secara mendalam pengalaman keluarga dalam merawat anak CP. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 7 orang caregiver CP yang diambil dengan menggunakan metode Criterion sampling dipilih oleh peneliti. Tema yang teridentifikasi terkait pengalaman merawat anak CP berjumlah 10 tema, yaitu kemungkinan penyebab CP, tanda dan gejala yang diamati oleh keluarga, upaya mencari pertolongan terhadap masalah CP, perkembangan anak CP, perilaku yang mendukung dan belum mendukung perawatan anak CP, sumber dan bentuk dukungan, sumber dan bentuk hambatan, bentuk harapan dan kebutuhan, dan makna yang terungkap adalah menerima kondisi ?kekurangan? anak CP dan pengalaman merawat anak CP merupakan "trauma" bagi ibu. Perawat komunitas berperan dalam tiga level pencegahan, yaitu pencegahan primer, sekunder dan tersier baik itu bagi calon ibu, bagi ibu hamil, ibu dengan balita serta ibu yang memiliki anak CP.

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Cerebral palsy (CP) is a motoric impairment that found in many children and the incidence increasing every year. Generally, caring CP is thoughtfull by physic, mental, social and economy. Study of phenomenology is important to explore the family experience of caring children with CP deeply. The participants in this study are 7 caregiver of CP and taken by criterion sampling method. Ten themes idenfied from this study. The themes are the effect of CP cause, the sign that the parents see, the things that to search the help CP problem, the kids grow up CP, the kind of habbits thas support and not support of caring of CP, the source and supports, the source and not support, hope and need, and the meaning that will be accept is to accept the ?less? of Cp condition and the caring of children with CP is the "traumatic" even for mother. There are primary, secondary, and tertiary level of prevention. Not only for the woman who want to be a mother, pregnant, the mother with toddler but also for mother who have children with CP."

"ABSTRAKSkripsi ini membahas gambaran stress pada orang tua yang memiliki anak cerebral palsy di YPAC Jakarta dan bagaimana strategi coping dalam menghadapi stressor tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tahapan stres yang terjadi pada orang tua yang memiliki anak cerebral palsy, mengetahui strategi coping yang digunakan oleh orang tua, bagaimana bentuk perilaku coping yang digunakan, dan apa dampak perilaku coping tersebut bagi orang tua. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan metode wawancara mendalam terhadap 18 orang, 9 informan orang tua, 7 informan guru pendamping, dan 2 informan pengasuh. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan orang tua mengalami gejala stress secara fisik dan psikologis, strategi coping berorientasi pada penyelesaian masalah yang dihadapi (Problem focused coping), sedangkan bentuk perilaku coping yang muncul yaitu Planfull Problem Soving, assistance Seeking, dan suppression of competing activities yang termasuk dalam Problem focused coping dan turning to religion, mental disengangement, positive reinterpretation and growth, acceptance, dan denial yang termasuk dalam Emotion focused coping. Dampak dari perilaku coping yang dilakukan orang tua yaitu Exercised Caution.

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ABSTRACTThe focus of this study is a description of stress in cerebral palsy children?s parents in YPAC Jakarta and how coping strategies to deal with the stressor. The aim of this research is to find out stages of stress that occurs in cerebral palsy children?s parents, coping strategy orientation used by parent, how it works and what impact for the parent. This research is a qualitative in-depth interviews of 18 individuals, 9 informants parents, 7 informant teacher assistant, and 2 informants caregivers. The results show that parents experiencing symptoms of stress physically and psychologically, the coping orientation is on Problem Focused Coping, while coping behaviors are Planfull Problem Soving, assistance Seeking, dan suppression of competing activities which include in Problem Focused Coping, and then turning to religion, mental disengangement, positive reinterpretation and growth, acceptance, dan denial that included in Emotion Focused Coping. The impacts for the parent are Exercised Caution."

"SummaryA retrospective study of 13 Equinus feet of 10 patients ofCerebral Palsy that we were able to collect and review, betweenDecember 1985 and November 1988, has been done.Tendoachilles lengthening by the closed method for 5 feet of 3patients and open method for 8 feet of 7 cases in those patientshas been performed. The result in both methods are comparable. Although the number of cases of these· two methods were too smallfor statistical analysis the results find to inaicate that closed ·1method of Achil les Tendon Lengthening is a good procedure in childrenwith Cerebral Palsy.Achilles Tendon lengthening for Equi nus has been performed sinceAncient times using either an open or closed method.This is usually performed by an open Z or fractional lengthening ofthe tendon proper. In 1943, Whi te (5.7 ) was one of the firstproponents of · closed method. Nowadays, most of the surgeons havefound and consider the · sliding method of lengthening either by theWhite method or the Hoke method ( 1954} ··more controlled and verysatisfactory. However closed method is not a widely used method fortreatment of Equinus Contracture in Cerebral Pa1sy.This study reviews patients with C.P. who had closed or openmethod of Achi11es Tendon Lengthening in National University Hospitalbetween Cecember 1965 and November 1988."