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"Historians of the Middle East in the long nineteenth century have often considered empire-building the preserve of European powers. This book revises this picture by exploring how the Ottomans re-conquered and ruled large parts of present-day Yemen between 1849 and the end of World War I, after more than two centuries of independence under local dynasties. Drawing on a wide range of sources and on recent scholarship on empire and colonialism Empire, Islam, and Politics of Difference shows how the concepts and practices of Ottoman imperial rule were shaped through the encounters between Ottoman officials, their European rivals, and local communities. The result is a fresh look at the nature of governance in the late Ottoman Empire more generally."

"Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menjelaskan kebijakan Paku Alam VII selama memimpin Praja Pakualaman dan dampak yang dirasakan oleh masyarakat Pakualaman. Metode dan sumber yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode sejarah, yaitu: melalui tahap heuristik, kritik sumber, tahap interpretasi data, dan tahap terakhir adalah historiografi. Sumber yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa sumber arsip, koran dan majalah sejaman, jurnal ilmiah, serta buku sebagai sumber pendukung. Permasalah yang muncul akibat dari pengaruh kebijakan pemerintah kolonial Hindia Belanda serta proses modernisasi pada akhir abad ke-19 dan awal abad ke-20 di wilayah vorstenlanden, telah mendorong para pemimpin swapraja untuk melakukan berbagai upaya guna mengatasinya. Meskipun disatu sisi mereka tunduk kepada pemerintah kolonial Hindia Belanda, tetapi di lain sisi mereka juga berupaya untuk mengadaptasi kebijakan tersebut agar sejalan dengan kepentingan rakyat. Sebagai pemimpin Praja Pakualaman, Paku Alam VII berupaya membangun Praja Pakualaman melalui berbagai kebijakan selama masa pemerintahannya (1906-1937), meliputi tatanan birokrasi, pendidikan, agraria, dan pembangunan berbagai infrastruktur. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa dampak dari kebijakan Paku Alam telah dirasakan oleh masyarakat, seperti halnya penurunan angka buta huruf, pemberian hak kepemilikan tanah kepada rakyat yang berakibat pada penghapusan beban kerja wajib, dan modernisasi pendidikan yang mendorong lahirnya kaum pergerakan dari keluarga Pakualaman. Meskipun Praja Pakualaman hanya sebuah praja kecil, tetapi keberadaannya cukup diperhitungkan oleh pemerintah kolonial Hindia Belanda. Hal tersebut terbukti dari eksistensi yang telah dibangun oleh para trah Pakualaman dengan turut menjadi pelopor bagi perjuangan pergerakan ketika bangsa Indonesia berusaha mencapai kemerdekaan.

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The purpose of this research is to review the policies issued by Paku Alam VII over Praja Pakualaman and the impact to its people. The methods and sources used in this research is the historical approach, namely: through the stages of heuristic, criticism of sources to obtain historical facts are really close to the reality of events written. Furthermore, the data interpretation stage, and the last stage is historiography. Sources used by the author in this study are archival sources, newspapers and magazines contemporary, scientific journals, and books as a supportive source.

Problems occurred as the result of the Dutch East Indies Colonial government policy as well as the processes of modernization in the late 19th and early 20th century in the vorstenlanden region, has encouraged the leaders of the swapraja to make efforts to overcome them. Although, in one hand they were subject to the Dutch East Indies Colonial Government, but they were also trying to transform the policy into line with the interest of its people. As the leader of Praja Pakualaman, Paku Alam VII tried to build Praja Pakualaman through various policies issued during his reign (1906-1937), including bureaucracy, education, agriculture, and infrastructure development.

The result indicate that the impact of Paku Alam‟s policies had been precieved by the public, for examples, drecrease illiteracy, the granting land ownership rights to the people that resulted to the abolition of compulsory work load, and the modernization of education that led to the birth of movements of Pakualaman‟s family. Eventhough Pakualaman is only a small Praja, but its existence was considered by the Dutch East Indies Colonial Government. It was proven from the existence of which has been built by trah Pakualaman to also become one of the pioneers in the struggle movement when Indonesia people was trying to achieve independence."

"SynopsisIn this updated and expanded edition of his 2003 work, Somel (Ottoman history, Bilkent Univ., Turkey) charts the rise and decline of the Ottoman Empire. He opens with a chronology of events from 1040 to 1924 and a 30-plus-page introduction highlighting major happenings. The alphabetically arranged entries that follow cover historical, political, and cultural events and people in a readable manner. Finally, Somel offers a bibliography divided into subject areas such as "Foreign Relations and War," "Ottoman Classical Period," "Religion," and "Cultural Life," recognizing many sources published since the release of the first edition. These include Stephen Turnbull's The Ottoman Empire 1326-1699 (Routledge, 2003), which Somel recommends as a useful tool for English-speaking high school students, and Jason Goodwin's Lords of the Horizons: A History of the Ottoman Empire (Holt, 1999), which he suggests as "an easy start." The exhaustive bibliography includes a listing of sources in French, German, and Turkish, so scholars and readers at all levels and backgrounds should find something of interest. VERDICT While the entries are brief, this volume provides adequate explanation and coverage of each subtopic. Libraries that serve advanced high school students as well as larger public and academic collections should consider it. Library Journal Somel's volume provides a remarkable resource for a period of history and a portion of the world lightly addressed in nonspecialized courses and books in history...Ultimately the volume clearly has value for university, college, and major public libraries as well as those of secondary schools with relevant populations, along with those scholars and general readers whose interests lie in the geographic areas and time periods covered. American Reference Books Annual"

"In Islamic law the world was made up of the House of Islam and the House of War with the Ottoman Sultan--the perceived successor to the Caliphs--supreme ruler of the Islamic world. However, Suraiya Faroqhi demonstrates that there was no iron curtain between the Ottoman and other worlds but rather a long-established network of diplomatic, financial, cultural and religious connections. These extended to the empires of Asia and the modern states of Europe ... Based on a huge study of original and early modern sources, including diplomatic records, travel and geographical writing, as well as personal accounts."

"ABSTRACTSkripsi ini membahas tentang kebijakan-kebijakan luar negeri kesultanan Ottoman pada masa pemerintahan Sultan Suleyman I (1520-1566) dan apa yang menjadi justifikasi Suleyman atas kebijakan-kebijkan tersebut. Penelitian ini terbatas pada kebijakan-kebijakan yang juga melibatkan negara-negara besar lain abad pertengahan sehingga memiliki signifikansi atas situasi politik dan militer dunia pada saat itu. Metode yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini adalah metode sejarah yang merekonstruksi kejadian masa lalu lewat studi kepustakaan. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif, yaitu mendeskripsikan gejala, peristiwa, dan kejadian pada waktu tertentu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memberi gambaran mengenai apa ideologi dan legitimasi Suleyman I sebagai penguasa universal yang kemudian dia proyeksikan dalam kebijakan-kebijakan luar negeri yang diambilnya. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk menggambarkan kebijakan-kebijakan itu sendiri.

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ABSTRACTThe focus of this research are Foreign Policies of Ottoman Empire in the reign of Sultan Suleyman I (1520-1566) and Suleymans justifications for these policies. This research is limited to Foreign Policies that are involved with other major medieval countries so that they had significance to the worlds political and military situation at that time. The method used in this research is historical method that reconstructs past events through library studies. This is a descriptive research which describe phenomenon and events at a certain time. The purpose of this research is to provide an overview of the ideology and legitimacy of Suleyman I as a universal ruler which then he projected in his Foreign Policies. Other purpose of this research is to review Suleymans Foreign Policies themselves."

"At the turn of the nineteenth century, the Ottoman Empire straddled three continents and encompassed extraordinary ethnic and cultural diversity among the estimated thirty million people living within its borders. It was perhaps the most cosmopolitan state in the world--and possibly the most volatile. A Brief History of the Late Ottoman Empire now gives scholars and general readers a concise history of the late empire between 1789 and 1918, turbulent years marked by incredible social change. Moving past standard treatments of the subject, M. S©ơkr©ơ Hanioglu emphasizes broad historical trends an."