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"Morphemes combined with the Arabic noun are clearly described in the literature, but their interpretation can be somewhat nebulous, and a unified scholarly analysis does not as yet exist. This book proposes a new and unified perspective regarding these morphemes, analyzing them as copulae, and the constructions in which they occur as instances of predication. Analyzing morphemes combined with the Arabic noun as copulae explains many of their puzzling properties (rise and loss of declension, proteiform nature of nunation, etc.). Emphasis is placed on data previously marginalized in the description of these morphemes, from pre-Classical Arabic transmitted by Arab Grammarians, Semitic languages that contributed to the emergence of Arabic through language contact, and roughly 30 languages genetically unrelated to Arabic"

"This study aims at describing syntactic behavior of congruence and rection in Arabic by examining the syntactic element attached to them. This study also aims at determining types of congruence and rection in Arabic that have not been revealed so far.

Syntactic element that is involved in the process of congruence and rection is the secondary category such as person, number, gender, definiteness, case, mood, and aspect. Both of congruence and rection focused on relation between constituents in one construction. The two term can be distinguished by looking at the category involved.

Congruence focuses on the relation between constituents in one construction that is marked by the appearance of the same category, for example, the category of person, number, and gender play an important role in the relation between a subject and its verbal predicate, while rection focuses on relation that is marked by the appearance of a certain category resulted from the relation between one constituent and another constituent, for example, accusative case in the objective function is a result of relation between an object and its predicate.

This study concludes that in Arabic, congruence and rection can be found at the clause and phrase level."

"ABSTRACTArtikel ini menyajikan kerangka berpikir linguistik kognitif (LK) untuk menganalisis struktur semantis nomina spasial bahasa Arab, fawqa dengan menggunakan Model Polisemi Berprinsip (MPB) dari Tyler dan Evans (2003). Ancangan MPB dapat mengubah pandangan para ahli LK tentang variasi semantis konsep fisik-geometris sebuah preposisi. Sebagai sebuah leksem polisemis, fawqa digunakan oleh penutur jati bahasa Arab untuk mengungkapkan beragam makna baik relasi spasial maupun relasi nonspasial. Telaah tentang makna-makna leksem fawqa didasarkan pada korpus linguistik corpus.kacst.edu.sa dan memanfaatkan lima langkah dari MPB. Dengan ancangan MPB, penggunaan fawqa yang menyatakan makna-makna perluasan dapat dipastikan tetap berada dalam jejaring semantisnya. Studi ini mengungkapkan bahwa struktur makna fawqa dalam beragam situasi dan kasus, yang dicermati dengan mengandalkan ancangan kognitif, memperlihatkan relasi spasial non-updown dan nonfisik, yang tetap merujuk pada maknaprimernya."

"Buku ini berisi tentang ilmu lexikografi."