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"The studies described in this volume serve as a starting point to familiarize one self with the multifarious differences in epigenetic designs that orchestrate the progression of developing blood cells. They also may serve as a general paradigm for the mechanisms that underpin the control of eukaryotic gene expression. "

"Fueled by the expertise of a team of international specialist authors, this first reference on the booming topic covers everything a drug researcher needs to know about targeting epigenetic mechanisms of disease. The first part of the book surveys current methodologies for finding and validating drug candidates that act via epigenetic mechanisms. The second part systematically surveys known and suspected drug targets within the epigenetic machinery, including the discovery and development of vorinostat, the first marketed epigenetic drug."

"Epigenetics in psychiatry covers all major areas of psychiatry in which extensive epigenetic research has been performed, fully encompassing a diverse and maturing field, including drug addiction, bipolar disorder, epidemiology, cognitive disorders, and the uses of putative epigenetic-based psychotropic drugs. Uniquely, each chapter correlates epigenetics with relevant advances across genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics. The book acts as a catalyst for further research in this potentially very important and useful area of psychiatry.The elucidation of basic principles of epigenetic biology points to the creation of more optimal and effective therapies for major classes of psychiatric disease. In this regard, epigenetic therapy, the use of drugs to correct epigenetic defects, may help in the pharmacotherapy of patients with these disorders. With time, such advances may eventually point to replacements for psychotropic drugs presently of symptomatic value and low efficacy. Moreover, there is evidence to suggest that other forms of treatment commonly used in the management of psychiatric disorders, like psychotherapy and electroconvulsive therapy, may also act by epigenetic mechanisms."

"Precise regulation of gene expression in both time and space is vital to plant growth, development and adaptation to biotic and abiotic stress conditions. This is achieved by multiple mechanisms, with perhaps the most important control being exerted at the level of transcription. However, with the recent discovery of microRNAs another ubiquitous mode of gene regulation that occurs at the post-transcriptional level has been identified. MicroRNAs can silence gene expression by targeting complementary or partially complementary mRNAs for degradation or translational inhibition. Recent studies have revealed that microRNAs play fundamental roles in plant growth and development, as well as in adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses. This book highlights the roles of individual miRNAs that control and regulate diverse aspects of plant processes."

"Kura-kura rote leher ular (Chelodina mccordi) merupakan spesies endemik dari Pulau Rote, yang tergolong Critivally Endangered-Possibly Extinc in the Wild (CRPEW) berdasarkan IUCN. Rendahnya kepadatan C. mccordi menjadi tantangan dalam pemantauan secara visual, sehingga dibutuhkan pendekatan molekuler sebagai metode alternatif. Namun, primer spesifik untuk C. mccordi belum pernah dikembangkan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengembangkan markah genetik yang menargetkan gen ND2 mtDNA pada sampel eDNA dari air melalui metode qPCRHRM, serta menguji sensitivitas dan spesifisitas primer. Bahan uji yang digunakan adalah air kolam C. mccordi, C. expansa, campuran (C. mccordi dan C. expansa), dan air keran. Hasil perancangan primer didapat panjang produk 179 bp dengan menganalisis basa unik yang hanya diekspresikan oleh C. mccordi. Analisis kualitatif dengan PCR dan visualisasi elektroforesis, serta validasi dengan sekuensing menunjukkan primer memiliki spesifisitas yang tinggi terhadap C. mccordi. Primer yang dirancang hanya mampu mengamplifikasi hingga dilusi 3 tingkat dengan faktor dilusi 10x. Efisiensi primer tergolong baik dengan nilai 100%, dan persamaan regresi linear (y= -3,32x + 34,127), serta R2 sebesar 0,9801. Analisis HRM dilakukan untuk mendeterminasi C. mccordi berdasarkan suhu luruh (80—81˚C). Hasil pengujian sensitivitas dan spesifisitas sebesar 81,25% dan 62,5% menunjukkan bahwa primer tidak direkomendasikan untuk analisis kuantitatif dengan qPCR-HRM. Pengembangan desain primer spesifik-spesies perlu dirancang kembali dengan gen target lain seperti COI dan Cyt-b untuk pendeteksian C. mccordi melalui eDNA. Meskipun demikian, primer yang dirancang tetap bisa digunakan untuk analisis kualitatif.

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The Roti Island Snake-necked Turtle (Chelodina mccordi) is an endemic species of Roti Island, classified as Critically Endangered-Possibly Extinct in the Wild (CRPEW) according to the IUCN. The low density of C. mccordi poses a challenge for visual monitoring, necessitating a molecular approach as an alternative method. However, specific primers for C. mccordi have not been developed. The research involved the development of genetic marker targeting the ND2 mtDNA gene in eDNA samples from water using the qPCR-HRM method and testing the sensitivity and specificity of the primers. Test materials included water from C. mccordi, C. expansa, a mixture (C. mccordi and C. expansa), and tap water. The designed primer obtained a product length of 179-bp by analyzing unique bases specific to C. mccordi. Qualitative analysis with PCR and electrophoresis visualization, then validated by sequencing, showed high primer specificity for C. mccordi. The designed primers could only amplify up to a 3-level dilution with a 10x dilution factor. The qPCR reaction efficiency was considered good at 100%, with a linear regression equation (y = -3.32x + 34.127) and an R2 of 0.9801. HRM analysis was carried out to determine C. mccordi based on the melting temperature (80—81˚C). Sensitivity and specificity test results of 81.25% and 62.5% indicated that the primers are not recommended for quantitative analysis with qPCR-HRM. The redesign of species-specific primer with other target genes such as COI and Cyt-b for C. mccordi detection via eDNA is needed. Nevertheless, the designed primers can still be used for qualitative analysis."

"Fifteen rhizopus oligosporus isolated were isolated from a number of tempeh samples obtained from Mataramm Jember an d Bogor Indonesia;...."

"The relationships among allium L. species remain complex. Certain species belonging to the genus allium are medically and economically important and as such merit phylogenetic analysis...."