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"Encompassing the entire spectrum of breast imaging and diagnostics, this acclaimed text provides a systematic and pragmatic guide for all clinicians involved in diagnosing breast disease. The new third edition has been fully updated to include advances in mammography, ultrasound, breast MRI, percutaneous interventions, and emerging technologies, with pros and cons and evidence-based approaches throughout. Special features of the third edition: Coverage of the field, with comprehensive sections on examination procedures and technical requirements; histologic, clinical, and radiologic appearance of a wide range of breast pathologies; results of international screening studies; and much more. Nearly 1,200 clear radiographic images showing normal findings, benign and malignant disorders, and post-traumatic, post-surgical, and post-therapeutic changes to the breast. Innovations in digital mammography, tomosynthesis, and computer assisted detection (CAD); new chapters on imaging of implants, lesions of uncertain malignant potential, developing technologies; and more. A systematic, highly reproducible methodology for detection, diagnosis, and assessment of findings. Easy-to-follow flowcharts for the diagnostic work-up of both typical and atypical cases. Written by world-renowned authorities with decades of clinical experience, this book provides a brilliant orientation to the multimodality diagnostic approach and therapeutic significance of breast imaging findings. It is an essential reference and board review for radiologists, residents and fellows, gynecologists, oncologists, surgeons, technologists, and any other interdisciplinary specialist working to improve outcomes in breast disease"

"Latar belakang: Kanker payudara pada wanita menjadi penyebab kejadian kanker tertinggi di dunia dengan jumlah kasus sebanyak 2,3 juta kasus dengan 685 ribu kematian. Sedangkan kejadian kanker pada wanita di Indonesia yang tertinggi adalah kanker payudara dengan prevalensi 42,1 per 100.000 penduduk dengan rata-rata kematian 17 per 100.000 penduduk. Oleh sebab itu, sangat diperlukan upaya pencegahan secara dini dengan melakukan pemeriksaan payudara sendiri (SADARI). Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan efikasi diri dengan perilaku pemeriksaan payudara sendiri pada mahasiswi. Metode: Metode kuantitatif dan desain cross-sectional. Sampel 257 mahasiswi S1 reguler di Universitas Indonesia. Hasil: Pada analisis univariat menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas mahasiswi melakukan SADARI, namun tidak melakukan secara rutin setiap bulan. Ada hubungan antara pengalaman keberhasilan, pengalaman orang lain, dukungan orang sekitar, keadaan fisiologis dan suasana hati, serta efikasi diri dengan perilaku SADARI. Variabel pengalaman keberhasilan tinggi 1,69x akan cenderung melakukan perilaku SADARI. Variabel pengalaman orang lain tinggi, 1,94x akan cenderung melakukan perilaku SADARI. Variabel dukungan orang sekitar tinggi 3,34x akan cenderung melakukan perilaku. Variabel keadaan fisiologis dan suasana hati memperlihatkan bahwa responden yang memiliki tingkat keadaan fisiologis dan suasana hati tinggi 3,32x akan cenderung melakukan perilaku SADARI. Variabel efikasi diri yang tinggi 7,65x akan cenderung melakukan perilaku SADARI

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Background: Breast cancer in women is the cause of the highest incidence of cancer in the world, with a total of 2.3 million cases and 685 thousand deaths. Meanwhile, breast cancer is the most common cancer in women in Indonesia, with a prevalence of 42.1 per 100,000 people and a death rate of 17 per 100,000 people. Therefore, early prevention efforts are needed through breast self-examination (BSE). Purpose: This study aims to determine the relationship between self-efficacy and breast self-examination behavior in female students. Methods: Quantitative method and cross-sectional design. A sample of 257 regular undergraduate students at the University of Indonesia. Results: According to the univariate analysis, the majority of female students took BSE but did not do so on a monthly basis. There is a relationship between the experience of success, the experiences of other people, the support of those around them, physiological states and moods, and self-efficacy with BSE behavior. The high success experience variable (1.69 times) is more likely to exhibit BSE behavior. Other people's variable experience is high; (1.94 times) more people will tend to do BSE behavior. The variable support of those around you is high, and they will tend to do the behavior (3.34 times). According to the physiological state and mood variables, respondents who have a high level of physiological state and mood (3.32 times) are more likely to engage in BSE behavior. A high self-efficacy variable (7.65 times) will tend to exhibit BSE behavior."

"Mamografi merupakan pemeriksaan baku emas dan merupakan modalitas satu-satunya untuk skrining payudara perempuan. Namun efektivitas mamografi menurun terutama pada payudara berdensitas padat. Handheld ultrasonography (HHUS) sering diperlukan sebagai pelengkap mamografi dan dapat meningkatkan sensitivitas dan spesifisitas untuk deteksi kanker payudara berdensitas padat. Automated breast ultrasound (ABUS) merupakan modalitas relatif baru dengan beberapa kelebihan dibandingkan dengan HHUS antara lain reproducible, variabilitas yang rendah, waktu akuisisi lebih singkat dan konsisten, serta ukuran transduser yang lebar sehingga mencakup payudara lebih menyeluruh dan dapat melakukan karakterisasi lesi yang ukurannya melebihi lebar transduser HHUS dengan lebih baik. Saat ini penggunaan ABUS belum merata di rumah sakit di Indonesia, dan penelitian mengenai ABUS masih terbatas, sehingga perlu dilakukan penelitian mengenai ABUS dibandingkan dengan modalitas lain secara lebih obyektif. Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesesuaian temuan, morfologis, dan lokasi lesi di payudara berdasarkan densitas mamografi dan HHUS dengan densitas mamografi dan ABUS. Metode: Dilakukan pemeriksaan payudara menggunakan mamografi, HHUS GE tipe Logic S8 dengan transduser linear 7-12 MHz, dan ABUS GE Invenia dengan transduser konkaf linear 6-12 MHz. Seluruh pemeriksaan HHUS dan ABUS dilakukan sendiri oleh peneliti di Departemen Radiologi RSCM, dan dikonfirmasi oleh Dokter Spesialis Radiologi konsultan payudara bersertifikasi ABUS untuk menentukan ada atau tidaknya lesi, morfologis, dan lokasi lesi. Kesesuaian hasil pemeriksaan mamografi-ABUS dan mamografi HHUS dianalisis menggunakan uji Mc Nemar. Hasil: Terdapat 30 subyek penelitian dan diperoleh 48 sampel payudara, dengan rentang usia 36-66 tahun (rerata ± SD 51,4 ± 8,5 tahun). Dalam menentukan ada tidaknya lesi, pemeriksaan mamografi- HHUS dan mamografi-ABUS memiliki kesesuaian dengan level sedang (moderate agreement), nilai Kappa 0,43 dan 0,49 (p 0,002 dan p 0,001); dalam menentukan morfologis lesi memiliki kesesuaian dengan level sedang (moderate agreement) dengan nilai Kappa 0,51 dan 0,43 (p 0,000 dan 0,000); serta dalam menentukan lokasi lesi memiliki kesesuaian dengan level fair agreement dengan nilai Kappa 0,37 dan 0,36 (p 0,000 dan 0,000). Simpulan: Kombinasi mamografi-HHUS memiliki kesesuaian dengan level relatif setara dalam menentukan ada tidaknya lesi dan lokasi lesi, namun sedikit lebih tinggi dalam menilai morfologis lesi dibandingkan dengan kombinasi mamografi- ABUS.

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Background: Mammography is the gold standard and well known to be a powerful screening tool in the detection of breast cancer. However its sensitivity is reduced in women with dense breasts. Additionally, women with dense breasts have an increased risk of developing breast cancer while mammography has a lower sensitivity. Handheld ultrasonography (HHUS) is often needed as a adjunction to mammography, can increase sensitivity and specificity for detection of cancer in dense breast breasts. Automated breast ultrasound (ABUS) is a relative new modality with several advantages compared to HHUS including reproducible, low variability, shorter and consistent acquisition time, and a wide transducer size that covers the breast more thoroughly and can characterize lesions whose size exceeds the width of the transducer HHUS better. At present the use of ABUS is not evenly distributed in hospitals in Indonesia, and research on ABUS is still limited, so it is necessary to conduct research on ABUS compared to other modalities more objectively. Objective : This study aims to determine the alternative selection of HHUS and ABUS examination to detect abnormalities in the breast based on mammographic density. Method: Breast examination using mammography, HHUS GE Logic S8 with 7-12 MHz linear transducer, and GE Invenia ABUS with 6-12 MHz linear concave transducer. All HHUS and ABUS examinations are carried out solely by researchers in the Radiology Department of the RSCM, and are confirmed by an ABUS certified breast consultant radiologist to determine the presence, morphology, and location of the lesion. The suitability of ABUS mammography and HHUS mammography results were analyzed using the Mc Nemar test. Result: There were 30 subjects and 48 breast samples were obtained, with an age range of 36-66 years (mean ± SD 51.4 ± 8.5 years). In determining the presence or absence of lesions, examination of mammography- HHUS and mammography-ABUS is in accordance with moderate agreement and Kappa values 0.43 and 0.49 (p 0.002 and p 0.001); in determining the morphology of the lesion is in accordance with moderate agreement and Kappa value 0.51 and 0.43 (p 0,000 and 0,000); and in determining the location of the lesion is in accordance with fair agreement and Kappa values of 0.37 and 0.36 (p 0,000 and 0,000). Conclusion : The mammographic-HHUS combination is compatible with a relatively equal level in determining the presence or absence of the lesion and location of the lesion, but is slightly higher in assessing the morphology of the lesion compared with the mammographic- ABUS combination. "

"Tujuan:Memperoleh masukan untuk meningkatkan pelayanan pemeriksaan mamografi dan atau USG payudara di Departemen Radiologi FKUI/RSUPN- Cipto MangunkusumoMetode:Penelitian ini studi deskriptif analitik, menggunakan data sekunder untuk menilai akurasi hasil pemeriksaan mamografi dan atau USG payudara terhadap hasil pemeriksaan histopatologis dalam mendiagnosis kelainan payudara.Hasil dan diskusi :Hasil uji diagnostik perbandingan hasil pemeriksaan USG payudara dengan hasil pemeriksaan histopatologis akurasi diagnostik tinggi. Hasil pemeriksaan mamografi dan pemeriksaan kombinasi dibandingkan dengan hasil pemeriksaan histopatologis didapatkan asumsi akurasi rendah. Hasil pemeriksaan klinis dibanding dengan hasil pemeriksaan histopatologis didapatkan akurasi diagnostik yang tinggi.Kesimpulan:Pemeriksaan USG payudara dengan hasil pemeriksaan histopatologis didapatkan akurasi diagnostik yang tinggi.

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Objective:

To get The evaluated hope can be increase examination mammography and ultrasound in departemenof radiology RSUPN-Cipto Mangunkusumo.

Methods :

This study is a descriptive analytic study assessment process using secondary data to assess the accuracy of the results of the examination / expertise mammography or breast ultrasound and the results of histopathologic examination in the diagnosis of breast abnormalities.

Results :

Diagnostic test results comparing breast ultrasound examination results with the results of histopathologic examination found a high diagnostic accuracy. The results of examination of the combination of mammography and compared with histopathologic examination results obtained assuming a low accuracy. The results of the clinical examination compared with the results of histopathologic examination found a high diagnostic accuracy.

Conclusion :

Ultrasound examination of the breast with histopathologic examination found a high diagnostic accuracy."

"A practical approach to the early detection and management of breast cancer. This lavishly illustrated atlas provides radiologists with essential information for the differential diagnosis of breast diseases on the basis of clinical presentation, mammography, and ultrasound. The book begins with chapters on tumor biology, prognostic factors, and histology. The authors then provide a thorough evaluation of various methods for early detection and accurate diagnosis, including analog and digital mammography, ultrasound, MR imaging, PET/​CT, and interventional procedures. They discuss in detail the strengths and limitations of each imaging modality, aspects of quality control, test intervals, peri- and postoperative management principles, and follow-up care.Highlights:- Presentation of difficult cases that effectively demonstrate the diagnostic hurdles and forensic pitfalls in breast diagnosis- Special sections on breast cancer in men and young women, with discussion of women who are pregnant or lactating- Color-coded practical tips and clinical notes for optimal comprehension of the material- Extensive Q&​A sections for self-testing in two major chapters"

"Latar Belakang : Penggunaan terapi hormon memiliki efek samping pada payudara yang dapat terdeteksi pada ultrasonografi (USG) berupa peningkatan ketebalan jaringan fibroglandular yang berhubungan dengan peningkatan risiko kanker payudara. Hingga saat ini masih terdapat kontroversi mengenai efek samping terapi hormon tibolone terhadap payudara. Tujuan Penelitian : Mengetahui perubahan ketebalan jaringan fibroglandular payudara setelah terapi hormon tibolone. Metode : Penelitian ini berlangsung dari bulan Desember 2013 hingga Agustus 2015 di Departemen Radiologi RSUPN dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo dengan desain penelitian berupa studi kuasi eksperimental dengan amandemen berupa pengambilan data USG payudara sebelum dan sesudah terapi hormone tibolon. Pengukuran dengan USG payudara dilakukan di empat regio (superior, inferior, medial dan lateral) yang kemudian dilakukan analisis terhadap rerata perubahan ketebalan jaringan fibroglandular sebelum dan sesudah terapi hormon tibolone. Hasil : Dari 40 subjek yang dianalisis, terdapat 36 subjek yang mengalami peningkatan ketebalan jaringan fibroglandular. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p<0,001) pada ketebalan jaringan fibroglandular payudara sebelum dan sesudah 3 bulan pemberian tibolon. Indeks massa tubuh (p = 0,020) dan riwayat kontrasepsi hormonal (p=0,015) merupakan faktor yang memengaruhi peningkatan ketebalan jaringan fibroglandular payudara sesudah terapi hormon tibolon. Sedangkan paritas, usia melahirkan anak pertama, riwayat menyusui, usia menarke, usia menopause dan riwayat kontrasepsi hormonal tidak berhubungan. Kesimpulan : Terdapat peningkatan ketebalan jaringan fibroglandular berdasarkan pemeriksaan USG payudara perempuan menopause yang mendapat terapi hormon tibolone.

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Background : The use of hormone therapy has side effects in the breast which detected on ultrasound by increasing the thickness of breast fibroglandular tissue associated with increased risk of breast cancer. Until now there is still controversy regarding the side effects of tibolone on the breast tissue.

Purpose : This study aims to determine the thickness changes of the fibroglandular tissue due to tibolone hormone therapy.

Methods : This research was done between December 2013 untill August 2015 in Department of Radiology, dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Design of this research is a quasi-experimental study with the amendment in the form of data retrieval breast ultrasound before and after tibolon hormone therapy. Measurements with breast ultrasound was done in four regions (superior, inferior, medial and lateral) then the average change in fibroglandular thickness was analyzed.

Results : Of the 40 subjects were analyzed, there were 36 subjects showed significant increase (p <0.001) of breast fibroglandular tissue thickness after 3 months of tibolone hormone therapy. The body mass index (p = 0.02) and a history of hormonal contraception (p = 0,01) were factors that influence the increase of fibroglandular thickness post tibolone hormone therapy. While parity, age of first child, history of breastfeeding, age of menarche, age of menopause and history of hormonal contraception were not related.

Conclusions : There is an increase of fibroglandular tissue thickness by breast ultrasound examination of menopausal woman who received tibolone hormone theraphy."

"This book is the one of the few textbooks that summarizes the latest information dated to inflammatory breast cancer. The uniqueness of this book is that it has summarized the latest molecular and mechanistic findings, which may lead to novel diagnostic tool or therapeutic approach to fight this deadly disease."

"Penyakit kanker payudara menjadi penyebab angka kematian tertinggi untuk perempuan. Teknologi pencitraan medis yang dapat mendiagnosis kanker payudara saat ini beberapa telah dikembangkan. Namun masih memiliki kekurangan dari segi keamanan dan tingkat akurasinya. Salah satu teknologi pencitraan yang dapat digunakan untuk mengatasi kekurangan teknologi yang ada yaitu dengan teknik pencitraan Terahertz. Pencitraan kanker payudara dengan Terahertz dapat menjadi lebih efektif untuk mendiagnosis kanker pada jaringan yang lunak, karena dapat memberikan informasi spatial dan spektral dari kanker yang dicitrakan secara bersamaan. Kualitas resolusi spatial bergantung pada beamwidth antena dan scan density. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan antena dengan beamwidth yang sempit dan gain yang lebih tinggi agar mendapatkan kualitas gambar yang diinginkan.Dalam penelitian ini dirancang antena mikrostrip array 2x2 dan 2x3 yang bekerja pada frekuensi 0,312 THz untuk mengetahui pengaruh beamwidth pada hasil pencitraan untuk deteksi kanker payudara. Antena array 2x2 memiliki beamwidth horizontal 46,4 derajat dan vertikal 33,0 derajat dengan gain 9,0 dB, bandwidth 53 GHz, pola radiasi directional, dan polarisasi linear. Antena array 2x3 memiliki beamwidth horizontal 39,0 derajat dan vertikal 22,8 derajat dengan gain 8,8 dB, bandwidth 11 GHz, pola radiasi directional, dan polarisasi linear. Objek yang dicitrakan yaitu phantom jaringan payudara yang berbentuk balok dengan dimensi panjang 2 mm, lebar 2 mm, dan ketebalan 1 mm. Model phantom terdiri dari jaringan fat (  = 2,41), fibrous ( = 2,80), dan tumor (  = 3,15). Pencitraan Terahertz dilakukan dengan metode pemindaian translasi dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak CST Microwave Studio. Terdapat dua skema pencitraan Terahertz, yaitu dengan variasi beamwidth dengan menggunakan kedua antena dan variasi jarak masing-masing antena. Pada hasil simulasi pencitraan Terahertz variasi beamwidth menghasilkan gambar yang lebih baik pada antena array 2x3 karena beamwidth antena tersebut lebih sempit. Pada hasil simulasi pencitraan Terahertz dengan variasi jarak memiliki hasil citra yang ideal pada jarak 7,5 mm untuk kedua antena secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif.

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Breast cancer is the leading cause of death for women. Medical imaging technologies that can diagnose breast cancer are currently being developed. But it still has disadvantages in terms of security and level of accuracy. One of imaging technology that can be used to overcome the shortage of existing technologies is Terahertz imaging techniques. Terahertz imaging of breast cancer can be more effective in diagnosing cancer for soft tissue, because it can provide spatial and spectral information from cancer simultaneously. The quality of resolution depends on beamwidth of antenna and scan density. Therefore, an antenna with a narrow beamwidth and higher gain is needed to get the desired image quality.

In this study, 2x2 and 2x3 microstrip array antenna was designed at a frequency of 0.312 THz to find out the affect of beamwidth to the imaging results for breast cancer detection. 2x2 array antenna has horizontal beamwidth of 46.4 degrees and vertical beamwidth of 33.0 degrees with gain of 9 dB, bandwidth of 53 GHz, directional radiation patterns, and linear polarization. 2x3 array antenna has horizontal beamwidth of 39.0 degrees and vertical beamwidth of 22.8 degrees with gain of 8.8 dB, bandwidth of 11 GHz, directional radiation patterns, and linear polarization. The object that is imaged is phantom breast tissue in the block shape with total dimensions of 2 mm in length, 2 mm in width, and 1 mm in thickness. The phantom model consists of tissue fat (  = 2.41), fibrous (  = 2.80), and tumor (  = 3.15).

Terahertz imaging is done by the translation scanning method using CST Microwave Studio software. There are two Terahertz imaging schemes, with variation of beamwidth using both antennas and variation in the distance of each antenna. In the imaging simulation results, the variation in beamwidth produces a better image on the 2x3 antenna because the antenna beamwidth is narrower. The results of Terahertz imaging simulation with distance variations have ideal image results at distance of 7.5 mm for both of antennas qualitatively and quantitatively."

"Frozen section library : breast provides an easy reference and pocket book about the nuances of adequately handling breast specimens in a fashion that meets the increasingly complex environment of breast pathology. The pros and cons of frozen section versus use of touch imprint as well as related quality assurance requirements are addressed. Other less common uses of intraoperative evaluation, such as diagnosis and margin evaluation are described. The volume includes recommended guidelines for evaluation and documentation of specific gross pathologic features, in conjunction with radiological imaging. Techniques and protocols for such examinations are illustrated. The volume closes with an overview of the newly published guidelines for handling a variety of breast specimens, which are intended to be used for assessment of predictive factors."