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"[ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Parameter ektubasi yang ada saat ini masih belum akurat sehingga terjadi kesulitan penyapihan ventilasi mekanis pada pasien pneumonia. Salah satu sistem penilaian untuk diagnosis dan evaluasi pneumonia adalah skor modified clinical pulmonary infection score (MCPIS). Skor ini menilai faktor suhu tubuh, hitung jenis dan jumlah leukosit, volume dan sifat sekret trakea, oksigenasi dan rontgen toraks. Pemantauan MCPIS diharapkan dapat menjadi alat bantu untuk penilaian keberhasilan penyapihan, prediktor ekstubasi, serta gambaran prognosis pasien pneumonia di UPI.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi kohort prospektif pada pasien UPI dengan diagnosis pneumonia dan penggunaan ventilasi mekanis di UPI RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo bulan Oktober 2014 sampai Februari 2015. Subjek dengan diagnosis pneumonia yang dirawat di UPI dengan ventilasi mekanis dinilai skor MCPIS pada awal dan setelah 72 jam perawatan. Tanggal pasien diekstubasi dicatat untuk mengetahui lama ventiasi mekanis subjek.Hasil: Sebanyak 48 subjek diikutsertakan dalam penelitian. Skor MCPIS awal (median 6) secara keseluruhan lebih tinggi dari pada skor MCPIS setelah 72 jam (median 5) dengan lama ventilasi mekanis berkisar 3-19 hari (median 7). Tidak didapatkan korelasi yang bermakna antara skor MCPIS awal dengan lama ventilasi mekanis (p=0,180; r=0,197). Terdapat korelasi yang bermakna antara skor MCPIS setelah 72 jam dengan lama ventilasi mekanis dengan kekuatan korelasi sedang dan arah korelasi positif (p=0,000; r=0,539).Simpulan: Terdapat korelasi bermakna antara skor MCPIS setelah 72 jam dengan lama ventilasi mekanis pada pasien pneumonia di UPI.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Extubation parameters that currently used is not accurate hence weaning from mechanical ventilation is difficult to perform in pneumonia patient so a scoring system is needed. One of scoring system for diagnosis and evaluation pneumonia is modified clinical pulmonary infection score (MCPIS) score. This score evaluates temperature, leucocyte count and differential count, volume and consistency tracheal secret, oxygenation and chest x-ray. MCPIS monitoring can be expected as tool for evaluating weaning process, extubation predictor and prognostic prediction for pneumonia patient in ICU.Methode: This is a prospective cohort study in ICU patient with pneumonia diagnosis and mechanical ventilation in Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital's ICU from October 2014 to February 2015. Subject diagnosed with pneumonia in ICU with mechanical ventilation was scored with early and after 72 hours MCPIS score. Date of extubation was recorded to find out mechanical ventilation duration.Result: A total of 48 subjects enrolled in this study. Early MCPIS score (median 6) was higher than MCPIS score after 72 hours (median 5) with mechanical ventilation duration 3-19 days (median 7). There was no significant correlation between early MCPIS score with mechanical ventilation duration (p=0,180; r=0,197). There was significant correlation between MCPIS score after 72 hours with mechanical ventilation duration. The strength of correlation was moderate and the direction of correlation was positive (p=0,000; r=0,539).Conclusion: There was significant correlation between MCPIS after 72 hours with mechanical ventilation duration in pneumonia patient in ICU.;Background: Extubation parameters that currently used is not accurate hence weaning from mechanical ventilation is difficult to perform in pneumonia patient so a scoring system is needed. One of scoring system for diagnosis and evaluation pneumonia is modified clinical pulmonary infection score (MCPIS) score. This score evaluates temperature, leucocyte count and differential count, volume and consistency tracheal secret, oxygenation and chest x-ray. MCPIS monitoring can be expected as tool for evaluating weaning process, extubation predictor and prognostic prediction for pneumonia patient in ICU. Methode: This is a prospective cohort study in ICU patient with pneumonia diagnosis and mechanical ventilation in Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital's ICU from October 2014 to February 2015. Subject diagnosed with pneumonia in ICU with mechanical ventilation was scored with early and after 72 hours MCPIS score. Date of extubation was recorded to find out mechanical ventilation duration. Result: A total of 48 subjects enrolled in this study. Early MCPIS score (median 6) was higher than MCPIS score after 72 hours (median 5) with mechanical ventilation duration 3-19 days (median 7). There was no significant correlation between early MCPIS score with mechanical ventilation duration (p=0,180; r=0,197). There was significant correlation between MCPIS score after 72 hours with mechanical ventilation duration. The strength of correlation was moderate and the direction of correlation was positive (p=0,000; r=0,539). Conclusion: There was significant correlation between MCPIS after 72 hours with mechanical ventilation duration in pneumonia patient in ICU., Background: Extubation parameters that currently used is not accurate hence weaning from mechanical ventilation is difficult to perform in pneumonia patient so a scoring system is needed. One of scoring system for diagnosis and evaluation pneumonia is modified clinical pulmonary infection score (MCPIS) score. This score evaluates temperature, leucocyte count and differential count, volume and consistency tracheal secret, oxygenation and chest x-ray. MCPIS monitoring can be expected as tool for evaluating weaning process, extubation predictor and prognostic prediction for pneumonia patient in ICU. Methode: This is a prospective cohort study in ICU patient with pneumonia diagnosis and mechanical ventilation in Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital's ICU from October 2014 to February 2015. Subject diagnosed with pneumonia in ICU with mechanical ventilation was scored with early and after 72 hours MCPIS score. Date of extubation was recorded to find out mechanical ventilation duration. Result: A total of 48 subjects enrolled in this study. Early MCPIS score (median 6) was higher than MCPIS score after 72 hours (median 5) with mechanical ventilation duration 3-19 days (median 7). There was no significant correlation between early MCPIS score with mechanical ventilation duration (p=0,180; r=0,197). There was significant correlation between MCPIS score after 72 hours with mechanical ventilation duration. The strength of correlation was moderate and the direction of correlation was positive (p=0,000; r=0,539). Conclusion: There was significant correlation between MCPIS after 72 hours with mechanical ventilation duration in pneumonia patient in ICU.]"

"Latar belakang: Trauma toraks memiliki spektrum klinis yang luas sehingga kemungkinan komplikasi dan lama rawat berbeda-beda. Lung Injury Score LIS dapat dipakai untuk menilai disfungsi respirasi yang terjadi sehingga dapat dijadikan prediksi mortalitas dan lama rawat. Metode: Penelitian dengan desain kohort retrospektif untuk menguji validitas LIS pada kasus trauma toraks baru le; 24 jam yang ditangani di RSCM pada periode Januari 2017 ndash; Maret 2018. Variabel-variabel LIS foto toraks, P/F rasio, PEEP, dan komplians paru dicatat dan dihitung skornya kemudian dihubungkan dengan luaran berupa mortalitas dan lama rawat, Pada uji statistik dihitung menggunakan Mann Whitney mortalitas dan Rank-Spearman Correlation lama rawat . Cut off point diukur menggunakan kurva ROC. Hasil: Didapatkan total 56 pasien yang memenuhi kriteria. Mortalitas pada 3 pasien. rata-rata LIS 1,52. Rata-rata lama rawat 10 hari. Tidak ada korelasi yang bermakna antara LIS dengan mortalitas p=0,52 , didapatkan korelasi yang bermakna antara LIS dengan lama rawat p < 0.001 . Dari kurva ROC, didapatkan cut off point LIS dengan mortalitas pada skor 2,25, namun tidak bermakna secara statistik, dan cut off point LIS terbaik untuk lama rawat 8 hari pada skor 1,25. Kesimpulan: LIS memiliki korelasi yang bermakna dengan lama rawat, namun tidak memiliki korelasi dengan mortalitas. LIS dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi lama rawat pada pasien yang tidak membutuhkan ventilator dengan Cut off point LIS terbaik pada skor 1,25 untuk lama rawat 8 hari.

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Introduction : Thoracic trauma has wide clinical spectrum, resulting in complications and different hospital length of stay. The Lung Injury Score LIS is assumed could be used for measuring degree of respiratory disfunction and degree of thoracic trauma and predicts mortality and length of stay.

Methods : Validity study was performed on 56 new trauma cases le; 24 jam treated in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from January 2017 ndash; March 2018 with cohort retrospective design. LIS rsquo; variables was measured thoracic X-ray, P/F ratio, PEEP and lung compliance and converted into LIS then connected with hospital length of stay and mortality as the outcome. Statistical analysis using Mann Whitney Whitney mortality dan Rank-Spearman Correlation length of stay . Cut off point measured using ROC.

Results : We have 56 patients, with 3 mortality cases, average of LIS is 1,52, average of length of stay are10 days. There is no significant correlation between LIS and mortality p=0,52 , but LIS has significant correlation with length of stay p < 0.001 Cut off point LIS-mortality was at 2,25 and cut off point LIS-8 days length of stay was at 1,25.

Conclusions : LIS has significant correlation with length of stay but not with mortality. LIS could be used to predict hospital length of stay in thoracic trauma patients without ventilators with cut off point 1.25."

"Latar Belakang: Penyakit kardiovaskular adalah penyebab kematian yang paling sering pada pasien AR dengan laju1,5-1,6 kali lebih tinggi dari populasi non AR. Prevalensi gagal jantung pada AR dua kali lipat dibanding non AR. Karakteristik pasien AR Indonesia berbeda dibanding pasien di Negara Barat. Masih sedikit penelitian yang melihat korelasi faktor resiko non tradisional dengan disfungsi diastolik. Tujuan: Mengetahui apakah ada korelasi faktor resiko non tradisional yaitu lama menderita penyakit, derajat aktivitas penyakit dan skor disabilitas dengan disfungsi diastolik pada wanita penderita AR. Metode: Desain penelitian adalah potong lintang pada wanita penderita AR yang berobat ke poli Rematologi RSCM dari Oktober 2015-Januari 2016.Sampel penelitian belum pernah dinyatakan menderita penyakit jantung sebelumnya.Disfungsi diastolik dinilai secara ekhokardiografi. Lama menderita sakit diperoleh dengan wawancara langsung, sementara aktivitas penyakit dan tingkat disabilitas dinilai dengan menghitung skor DAS28 dan skor HAQ-DI. Hasil: Disfungsi diastolik dijumpai pada 30,8 % partisipan ( masing-masing 13,5% tingkat ringan dan sedang, dan berat sebesar 3,8% ). Rerata lama menderita AR 26,5 bulan (rentang 2-240), rerata DAS28-CRP 2,69±1,11 sementara DAS28-LED 3,65 (rentang 1,13-7,5), rerata skor HAQ-DI 0,29 (rentang 0-2,38). Hipertropi LV dijumpai pada 34,6% partisipan, rerata EF 66,7±5,76%. Kelainan katup dijumpai pada 34,6% partisipan. Korelasi antara lama sakit, DAS28-CRP, DAS28-LED and skor HAQDI dengan E/A secara berurutan adalah (r= - 0,065; p=0,89), (r=0,393; p=0,38), (r=0,357; p=0,43), (r=0,630; p=0,12) ; sementara dengan E/E? secara berurutan adalah (r=0,136; p=0,77), (r= - 0,536; p=0,21), (r= - 0,393; p=0,38), (r=0,374; p=0,41). Simpulan: Lama menderita sakit, derajat aktivitas penyakit dan derajat disabilitas, tidak memiliki korelasi yang bermakna secara statistik dengan disfungsi diastolik. Angka hipertropi jantung juga cukup tinggi, dan kelainan katup yang paling sering di jumpai adalah regurgitasi ringan.Dengan tingginya angka proporsi disfungsi diastolik pada penelitian ini maka diusulkan agar dirumuskan strategi penatalaksanaan jantung pada pasien-pasien AR untuk mencegah progresifitasnya.

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Background: Cardiovascular is the main cause of death in RA, with the rate of 1.5-1.6 times higher than non RA population .The prevalence of HF in RA is 2 times fold of non RA. RA patients characteristics in Indonesia is different from the ones in western. There are only few studies about correlation between non traditional risk factor and diastolic dysfunction in RA patients.

Objective: To study the correlation between each of the non traditional risk factors including disease duration,disease activity and disability score with the diastolic dysfunction in women with RA.

Methods: A cross-sectional, consecutive sampling study conducted to 52 RA women without any previous history of cardiovascular disease. All participants underwent an echocardiography to asses the diastolic dysfunction and other findings associated. Duration of disease is assesed by direct interview, while the disease activity by calculating DAS28 and disability sore by HAQ-DI.

Results: Diastolic dysfunction was found in 30.8 % of study participants ( 13.5 % for each low and moderate grade, while severe was 3.8% ). Mean of disease duration was 26.5 months (range 2-240), mean DAS28-CRP 2.69±1.11 while mean DAS28-ESR 3.65 (range 1.13-7.5), HAQ-DI score 0.29 (range 0-2.38). LV hypertrophy was found in 34.61% participants. Mean EF 66.7±5.76%. Valve abnormality was found in 34.6% study participants. Correlation between duration of disease, DAS28-CRP, DAS28-ESR and HAQDI score with E/A in sequence was (r= - 0.065; p=0.89), (r=0.393; p=0.38), (r=0.357; p=0.43), (r=0.630; p=0.12) ; while with E/E? in sequence was (r=0.136; p=0.77), (r= - 0.536; p=0.21), (r= - 0.393; p=0.38), (r=0.374; p=0.41).

Conclusions; Duration of the disease, the disease activity score and disability score in our RA study participants had no correlation with diastolic dysfunction. The most valvular abnormality findings was mild regurgitation. Since there was a big proportion of participants with diastolic dysfunction, it is encouraged to make a stepwise approach of cardiovascular management in patients with RA."

"Latar Belakang: Infeksi HAP oleh bakteri multidrug-resistant (MDR) menyebabkan mortalitas yang tinggi, lama rawat yang memanjang dan biaya perawatan yang tinggi. Karena itu perlu diketahui gambaran faktor risiko terjadinya infeksi bakteri MDR pada pasien HAP. Tujuan: Mengetahui gambaran faktor risiko terjadinya infeksi bakteri MDR pada pasien HAP di RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo. Metode: Penelitian dengan desain Kohort retrospektif menggunakan rekam medik pasien HAP yang memiliki hasil kultur sputum di RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo tahun 2015-2016 dengan metode total sampling. Pasien HAP diklasifikasikan menjadi terinfeksi bakteri MDR dan terinfeksi bakteri bukan MDR berdasarkan kategori resistensi isolat yang paling resisten pada sputum yang pertama kali didiagnosis MDR. Evaluasi gambaran faktor risiko dilakukan kepada semua subjek. Seluruh analisis dilakukan menggunakan program Microsoft Excel. Hasil: Proporsi HAP selama tahun 2015 dan 2016 berturut-turut adalah 6,12 dan 6,15/1000 admisi. Proporsi pasien HAP yang terinfeksi bakteri MDR selama tahun 2015 dan 2016 berturut-turut adalah 95% dan 82,1%. Gambaran proporsi faktor risiko infeksi bakteri MDR pada pasien HAP RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo tahun 2015-2016 mulai dari yang paling tinggi ke yang paling rendah berturut-turut adalah riwayat pemakaian antibiotik 90 hari sebelum diagnosis (100%), albumin <2.5 g/dL (100%), Charlson Comorbidity index≥3 (95,9%), usia> 60 (95,2%), lama rawat> 5 hari (92,5%), riwayat pemasangan NGT (92,1%), riwayat perawatan ICU/HCU sebelumnya (81,8%) dan penggunaan steroid setara prednison>10 mg/hari atau ekivalen selama>14 hari (28,6%). Simpulan: Proporsi infeksi bakteri MDR pada pasien HAP RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo tahun 2015 dan 2016 berturut-turut adalah 95% dan 82,1% dengan proporsi faktor risiko infeksi bakteri MDR yang paling tinggi adalah pada pasien dengan riwayat pemakaian antibiotik 90 hari sebelum diagnosis dan albumin <2.5 g/dL.>

Background: Multi-drug Resistant (MDR) Hospital-acquired Pneumonia (HAP) is associated with high mortality, prolonged hospital stay and high cost. Therefore, it is important to have description risk factors distribution for MDR HAP.

Aim: To have description of risk factors proportion for infection with MDR bacteria in HAP patients hospitalized in Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital.

Methods: A Cohort retrospective study with total sampling methode was conducted to collect medical records of HAP patients hospitalized in 2015-2016. Patients were classified as infected with MDR bacteria and infected with non-MDR bacteria based on the most resistant category of the sputum firstly diagnosed infected with multidrug-resistant bacteria. Risk factors evaluation were conducted to all subjects. All analysis was done using Microsoft Excel.

Results: Proportion of HAP during 2015 and 2016 respectively were 6.12 per 1000 admission and 6.15 per 1000 admission. Proportion of HAP patients infected with MDR bacteria in 2015 and 2016 were 95% and 82,1% respectively. MDR bacteria in 2015 and 2016 were 95% and 82,1% respectively. Description of risk factors proportion for infection with MDR bacteria from the highest to lowest respectively were prior antibiotic use 90 days before diagnosis (100%), albumin level <2.5 g/dL (100%), Charlson Comorbidity index≥3 (95,9%), age >60 years (95,2%), hospitalization>5 days (92,5%), NGT insertion (92,1%), prior ICU/HCU hospitalization in the last 90 days (81,8%) and prior steroid use equivalent to prednisone >10 mg/day for >14 days (28,6%).

Conclusion: Proportion of HAP patients infected with MDR bacteria in 2015 and 2016 were 95% and 82,1% respectively with the highest risk factors proportion for infection with multidrug-resistant bacteria were prior antibiotic use in 90 days before diagnosis and albumin <2,5 g/dL."

"Latar Belakang: Chronic Limb Threatening Ischemia (CLTI) adalah bentuk terberat dari penyakit arteri perifer kronis . Sekitar 25% dari pasien dengan CLTI akan berisiko mengalami amputasi tungkai mayor dalam 1 tahun. Sistem skoring Wound, Ischemia, and foot Infection (WIfI) dipakai untuk memprediksi angka amputasi selama 1 tahun. Tindakan revaskularisasi adalah suatu tindakan yang dilakukan untuk pemulihan perfusi pada bagian tubuh atau organ yang mengalami iskemia baik dengan cara bedah terbuka atau secara endovaskularTujuan: Untuk mengetahui korelasi antara tindakan revaskularisasi dengan perubahan amputation rate pada pasien CLTI dengan skor WIfIMetode: Desain yang digunakan adalah desain kohort retrospektif. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Divisi Bedah Vaskuler dan Endovaskuler Departemen Medik Ilmu Bedah dan Unit Rekam Medik RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo selama periode Oktober hingga Desember 2020 dengan mengumpulkan data seluruh pasien CLTI yang menjalani perawatan dan tata laksana selama tahun 2009-2019.Hasil: Total sampel 312, sampel terbanyak berjenis kelamin pria 182 (58,3%) sedangkan wanita sebanyak 130 (41,7%) dengan rerata usia 58 tahun. Komorbid yang tersering adalah diabetes (82,1%). Sebaran skor WIfI derajat sangat rendah, rendah, sedang dan tinggi secara berurutan adalah 20 (6,4%), 30 (9,6%), 112 (35,9%), 150 (48,1%). Sebaran tatalaksana adalah amputasi mayor 147 (47,1%), revaskularisasi 80 (25,6%), amputasi minor 42 (13,5%), debridement 28 (9%) dan perawatan luka 15 (5%). Terdapat korelasi bermakna (p<0,001; RR 0.029 (0.004-0.207)) antara tindakan revaskularisasi terhadap perubahan amputation rate selama 1 tahun pada pasien CLTI. Terdapat korelasi yang bermakna (p=0,001; RR 0.061 (0.008-0.44)) antara tindakan revaskularisasi dengan penurunan amputation rate pada pasien CLTI dengan skor WIfI derajat sedang.Simpulan: Tindakan revaskularisasi menurunkan amputation rate pada pasien CLTI dengan skor WIfI derajat sedang.

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Background: Chronic Limb Threatening Ischemia (CLTI) is the most severe form of peripheral arterial disease. Approximately 25% of patients with CLTI will be at risk of having a major limb amputation within 1 year. The Wound, Ischemia, and Foot Infection (WIfI) scoring system was used to predict the amputation rate for 1 year. Revascularization is an action performed to restore perfusion to parts of the body or organs that experience ischemia either by open surgery or endovascular.

Objective: To determine the correlation between revascularization measures and changes in amputation rate in CLTI patients with WIfI score.

Method: The design used was a retrospective cohort design. This research was conducted in the Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Division of the Department of Medical Surgery and the Medical Records Unit of Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital during the period from October to December 2020 by collecting data on all CLTI patients who underwent treatment and management during 2009-2019.

Results: Total sample was 312, most samples were male 182 (58.3%), while female as much as 130 (41.7%) with an average age of 58 years. The most common comorbid was diabetes (82.1%). The distribution of the WIfI score of very low, low, medium and high degrees was 20 (6.4%), 30 (9.6%), 112 (35.9%), 150 (48.1%), respectively. The treatment distribution was major amputation 147 (47.1%), revascularization 80 (25.6%), minor amputation 42 (13.5%), debridement 28 (9%) and wound care 15 (5%). There was a significant correlation (p <0.001; RR 0.029 (0.004-0.207)) between revascularization measures and changes in amputation rate for 1 year in CLTI patients. There was a significant correlation (p = 0.001; RR 0.061 (0.008-0.44)) between revascularization measures and a decrease in amputation rate in CLTI patients with moderate WIfI scores.

Conclusion: Revascularization reduces the amputation rate in CLTI patients with moderate WIfI score."

"Latar Belakang: Angka kematian pasien penyakit ginjal tahap akhir (PGTA) akibat penyakit kardiovaskular (PKV) sangat tinggi, khususnya pada pasien hemodialisis kronik (HDK), PKV juga dipengaruhi oleh kondisi malnutrisi dan inflamasi. Malnutrition Inflammation Score (MIS) dipakai sebagai prediktor morbiditas dan mortalitas pasien HDK. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) dan symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) adalah hasil dari proteolisis protein termetilasi yang merupakan penanda inflamasi dan malnutrisi dan ditemukan meningkat pada pasien hemodialisis.Tujuan: Mencari korelasi rasio ADMA/SDMA terhadap MIS pada pasien Penyakit ginjal kronik (PGK) yang menjalani HDK 2x seminggu. Metode: Penelitian dengan desain potong lintang yang dikerjakan pada bulan Juli 2022 pada pasien HDK > 3 bulan. Kadar ADMA, SDMA, dan MIS diambil dan dicatat saat sebelum pasien memulai sesi hemodialisis. Analisis bivariat dilakukan dengan analisis Spearman dan Mann – Whitney dan analisis multivariat dengan regresi linier.Hasil: Sebanyak 23 sampel adalah laki-laki (48,9%) dengan rerata usia 51,2 tahun. Median Albumin adalah 4,0 g/dl dan median TIBC adalah 220 mcg/dl. Median ADMA adalah 82ng/ml, median SDMA 599 ng/ml, rasio ADMA/SDMA 0,14, dan skor MIS 4 (3-6). Skor MIS >5 adalah sebesar 34% dengan <5 sebesar 66%. Dalam analisis bivariat dan multivariat setelah dikontrol penggunaan penghambat ACE, tidak ditemukan hubungan antara rasio ADMA/SDMA dengan MIS (p=0,154).Simpulan: Tidak ditemukan korelasi antara rasio ADMA/SDMA terhadap MIS pada pasien PGK yang menjalani HDK 2x seminggu. 

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Background: The mortality rate of patients with nd tageidney isease (ESKD) due to cardiovascular disease (CVD) is very high, especially in chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients. CVD is also affected by malnutrition and inflammatory conditions. Malnutrition Inflammation Score (MIS) is used as a predictor of morbidity and mortality in HD patients. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) are the results of proteolysis of methylated proteins which are markers of inflammation and malnutrition and are found to be increased in hemodialysis patients.

Objective: To find a correlation between the ratio of ADMA/SDMA to MIS in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients who underwent HD 2x a week.

Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted in July 2022 in HD patients > 3 months. ADMA, SDMA, and MIS levels were taken and recorded before the patient started the hemodialysis session. Bivariate analysis was performed using Spearman and Mann-Whitney analysis and multivariate analysis using linear regression.

Results: A total of 23 samples were male (48.9%) with an average age of 51.2 years. The median Albumin is 4.0 g/dl and the median TIBC is 220 mcg/dl. The median ADMA was 82 ng/ml, the median SDMA was 599 ng/ml, the ADMA/SDMA ratio was 0.14, and the MIS score was 4 (3-6). MIS score > 5 is 34% with < 5 is 66%. In bivariate and multivariate analysis after adjusted for the use of ACE inhibitors, no relations were found between the ADMA/SDMA ratio and MIS (p=0.154).

Conclusion: No correlation was found between the ratio of ADMA/SDMA to MIS in CKD patients who underwent HD 2x a week."

"Penyapihan ventilasi mekanik dapat didefinisikan sebagai proses pelepasan ventilator baik secara langsung maupun bertahap. Indikasi penyapihan ventilasi mekanik dapat dilihat dari beberapa parameter antara lain proses penyakit, PaO2, PEEP, FiO2, pH, Hb, kesadaran, suhu tubuh, fungsi jantung, fungsi paru, jalan nafas, obat-obatan agen sedativ atau agen paralisis, serta psikologi pasien. Faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan kegagalan penyapihan dipengaruhi oleh pusat pengendali pernafasan, kekuatan otot pernafasan, dan beban pada otot pernafasan. Mengingat begitu kompleksnya proses penyapihan dan keberhasilan penyapihan seorang pasien dari ketergantungan ventilasi mekanik, maka pengetahuan semua klinisi khususnya para perawat ICU menjadi sangatlah penting dalam hal ini. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran pengetahuan perawat, khususnya perawat ICU dewasa RS Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta dalam upaya proses penyapihan pasien dari bantuan ventilasi mekanik. Sample penelitian adalah para perawat ICU dewasa, ICU PJT, ICU Kencana, ICU IGD, dan ICU ULB yang merawat pasien dewasa. Jenis penelitian adalah deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross sectonal terhadap 107 responden yang diambil dengan teknik propotional random sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa perawat ICU RS. Cipto Mangunkusumo memiliki tingkat pengetahuan baik 84 dan sedang 15,9. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi tentang pengetahuan perawat tentang proses penyapihan pasien dari bantuan ventilasi mekanik yang bermanfaat dalam pelayanan kesehatan.

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The weaning of mechanical ventilation could be defined as the process to let the ventilator off directly or in stage. The indication from weaning process weaning could be decide by several parameter such as disease processes, PaO2, PEEP, FiO2, pH, Hb, awareness, body temperature, cardiac function, lung function, drugs sedative agent or paralysis agent, and psychologic status of patient. Weaning process could be failure which affected by respiratory control center, respiratory muscle strength, and respiratory muscles load. The complexity and successful of weaning process in patient could depend on the knowledge of clinicians, especially the ICU nurses.

The focus of this descriptive study is to describe the description of the Nurses knowledge about weaning process in mechanic ventilation, especially ICU nurses in RS. Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta. The sample of this study was nurses who works in adult ICU such as ICU PJT, ICU Kencana, ICU IGD, and ICU ULB. This study design is using cross sectional which involved 107 respondents with propotional random sampling technique.

The results showed that 84 nurses in ICU RS. Cipto Mangunkusumo had a good knowledge level and 15,9 in moderate level. This study is expected to give the nurses scientific update about weaning process of mechanic ventilator in patient and useful information for health services."

"Penyapihan ventilasi mekanik dapat didefinisikan sebagai proses pelepasan ventilator baik secara langsung maupun bertahap. Indikasi penyapihan ventilasi mekanik dapat dilihat dari beberapa parameter antara lain proses penyakit, PaO2, PEEP, FiO2, pH, Hb, kesadaran, suhu tubuh, fungsi jantung, fungsi paru, jalan nafas, obat ndash; obatan agen sedativ atau agen paralisis, serta psikologi pasien. Faktor ndash; faktor yang menyebabkan kegagalan penyapihan dipengaruhi oleh pusat pengendali pernafasan, kekuatan otot pernafasan, dan beban pada otot pernafasan. Mengingat begitu kompleksnya proses penyapihan dan keberhasilan penyapihan seorang pasien dari ketergantungan ventilasi mekanik, maka pengetahuan semua klinisi khususnya para perawat ICU menjadi sangatlah penting dalam hal ini. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran pengetahuan perawat, khususnya perawat ICU dewasa RS Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta dalam upaya proses penyapihan pasien dari bantuan ventilasi mekanik. Sample penelitian adalah para perawat ICU dewasa, ICU PJT, ICU Kencana, ICU IGD, dan ICU ULB yang merawat pasien dewasa. Jenis penelitian adalah deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross sectonal terhadap 107 responden yang diambil dengan teknik propotional random sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa perawat ICU RS. Cipto Mangunkusumo memiliki tingkat pengetahuan baik 84 dan sedang 15,9. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi tentang pengetahuan perawat tentang proses penyapihan pasien dari bantuan ventilasi mekanik yang bermanfaat dalam pelayanan kesehatan.

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The weaning of mechanical ventilation could be defined as the process to let the ventilator off directly or in stage. The indication from weaning process weaning could be decide by several parameter such as disease processes, PaO2, PEEP, FiO2, pH, Hb, awareness, body temperature, cardiac function, lung function, drugs sedative agent or paralysis agent, and psychologic status of patient. Weaning process could be failure which affected by respiratory control center, respiratory muscle strength, and respiratory muscles load. The complexity and successful of weaning process in patient could depend on the knowledge of clinicians, especially the ICU nurses. The focus of this descriptive study is to describe the description of the Nurses rsquo s knowledge about weaning process in mechanic ventilation, especially ICU nurses in RS. Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta. The sample of this study was nurses who works in adult ICU such as ICU PJT, ICU Kencana, ICU IGD, and ICU ULB. This study design is using cross sectional which involved 107 respondents with propotional random sampling technique. The results showed that 84 nurses in ICU RS. Cipto Mangunkusumo had a good knowledge level and 15,9 in moderate level. This study is expected to give the nurses scientific update about weaning process of mechanic ventilator in patient and useful information for health services."

"Latar Belakang: Chronic limb threatening ischemia (CLTI) merupakan bentuk paling parah dari peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Sebanyak 25% pasien CLTI memiliki risiko amputasi tungkai mayor dan 25% lainnya akan meninggal karena penyakit kardiovaskular dalam 1 tahun. Risiko amputasi ini dapat diprediksi menggunakan sistem skoring Wound, Ischemia, and foot Infection (WIfI). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan profil amputasi menggunakan skor Wound, Ischemia, foot Infection pada subjek chronic limb threatening ischemia di Rumah Sakit dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM).Metode: Pengambilan data retrospektif dari data registrasi divisi bedah vaskular dan rekam medis pada subjek dengan CLTI di RSCM berupa profil subjek, skor WIfI, dan status amputasi mayor dalam 1 tahun pasca diagnosis CLTI ditegakkan. Data selanjutnya dimasukkan ke program SPSS, dan dilakukan analisa data. Hasil analisa lalu dipaparkan dalam bentuk narasi dan tabel.Hasil: Pada penelitian ini usia rerata subjek adalah 58,1 ± 12,9 tahun dengan predominasi jenis kelamin laki-laki (58,3%). Komorbid pada subjek dari yang tersering adalah diabetes (82,1%), hipertensi (67,9%), gagal ginjal kronis (51,3%), dan penyakit jantung (33%). Derajat skor WIfI dengan derajat sangat rendah, rendah, sedang, dan tinggi secara berurutan adalah 6,4%, 9,6%, 35,9%, dan 48,1%. Angka amputasi mayor yang sesungguhnya pada subjek CLTI di RSCM untuk skor WIfI derajat sangat rendah, rendah, sedang, dan tinggi adalah 5%, 7%, 35%, dan 70%, sedangkan pada kepustakaan adalah 3%, 8%, 25%, dan 50%.

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Background: Chronic limb threatening ischemia (CLTI) is the most severe form of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). As many as 25% of CLTI patients have a risk of major limb amputations and 25% will die due to cardiovascular event within 1 year. The risk of this major amputation can be predicted using the Wound, Ischemia, and foot Infection (WIfI) scoring system. This study aims to compare the amputation profile using Wound, Ischemia, foot Infection scores in chronic limb threatening ischemia patients at the RSCM.

Methods: Retrospective data collection from registry in vascular surgery division and medical records for patients with CLTI in RSCM were take, that is a patient profile, the comorbid disease, WIfI score, and the patient's major amputation status within 1 year after diagnosis of CLTI was established. The data then inputed to the SPSS program, and data analysis is performed. The results of the analysis are then presented in the form of narratives and tables.

Result: The mean age of the subjects in this study was 58,1 ± 12,9 years with male as gender predominance (58,3%). The comorbids in the subjects were diabetes (82,1%), hypertension (67,9%), chronic kidney failure (51,3%), heart disease (33%). The WIfI scores with very low, low, medium, and high degrees are 6,4%, 9,6%, 35,9%, and 48,1% respectively. The major amputation rates in for WIfI scores with very low, low, medium, and high degrees are 5%, 7%, 35%, and 70%, while in the literature are 3%, 8%, 25%, and 50%."

"Latar Belakang: Prevalensi infeksi yang disebabkan oleh multidrugs resistent microorganism (MDRO), terutama bakteri Enterobacteriaceae penghasil enzim extended-spectum beta-lactamase (ESBL) semakin meningkat. Identifikasi yang cepat dan pemberian antibiotik yang tepat, terutama untuk pasien intensive care unit (ICU), dibutuhkan untuk menurunkan lama rawat dan menurunkan angka mortalitas. Duke clinical score merupakan suatu instrumen stratifikasi risiko untuk memprediksi infeksi bakteri Enterobactericeae penghasil ESBL. Duke clinical score pernah diteliti untuk memprediksi infeksi yang didapat dari komunitas, namun belum pernah diteliti untuk pasien ICU.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan uji diagnostik dengan design kohort prospektif. Subjek penelitian merupakan pasien ICU RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM) yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi selama bulan Januari-Maret 2022. Skrining dengan swab rektum untuk melihat adanya infeksi bakteri Enterobacteriaceae penghasil enzim ESBL dilakukan dalam 24 jam pertama perawatan pasien di ICU. Kultur klinis dilakukan sesuai indikasi. Duke clinical score diperiksa pada awal perawatan pasien di ICU. Pasien yang tidak terinfeksi bakteri Enterobacteriaceae penghasil enzim ESBL di awal perawatan di ICU akan diobservasi dan diambil kembali swab rektum pada akhir perawatan di ICU. Penelitian akan menilai sensitivitas, spesifisitas, positive dan negative predictive value (PPV, NPV), area under curve (AUC) receiver operating characteristic (ROC) Duke clinical score.Hasil: Dari 105 pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi, 55% pasien memiliki swab rektum atau kultur klinis yang positif dengan bakteri Enterobacteriaceae penghasil enzim ESBL dalam 24 jam perawatan pertama di ICU sehingga dieksklusi. Total subjek penelitian 47 pasien yang tidak terinfeksi bakteri Enterobacteriaceae penghasil ESBL pada awal perawatan di ICU. Pada nilai cut-off ≥ 8.5, Duke clinical score memiliki sensitivitas 32%, spesifisitas 89%, PPV 67%, NPV 66%. AUC ROC 0.652.Kesimpulan: Duke clinical score tidak valid sebagai prediktor infeksi bakteri Enterobacteriaceae penghasil enzim ESBL pada pasien ICU RSCM.

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Background: The prevalence of infections caused by multidrugs resistant microorganisms, especially extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae, is increasing. Rapid identification and proper administration of antibiotics, especially for intensive care unit (ICU) patients, are needed to reduce length of stay and lower mortality rates. Duke clinical score is a risk stratification instrument for predicting infection caused by ESBL-producing Enterobactericeae. Duke clinical scores have been studied to predict community-acquired infections, but have never been studied for ICU patients.

Methods: This study was a diagnostic test with a prospective cohort design. The subjects were patients of ICU Cipto Mangunkusumo general teaching hospital (RSCM) during January-March 2022 who met the inclusion criterias. Screening with a rectal swab to see the presence of infection with the ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae was carried out within the first 24 hours of admission in ICU. Clinical culture was carried out according to indications. Duke clinical score was examined at the beginning of the patient's treatment in the ICU. Patients who were not infected with the ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae at the beginning of treatment in the ICU would be observed and rectal swab would be taken at the end of treatment in the ICU. The study would assess the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value (PPV, NPV), area under curve (AUC) receiver operating characteristic (ROC) Duke clinical score.

Results: Of the 105 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 55% of them had a positive rectal swab and/or clinical cultures with ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae within the first 24 hours of treatment in the ICU. A total of 47 subjects were identified as patients who were not infected with ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae at the beginning of treatment in the ICU. At a cut-off value ≥ 8.5, Duke clinical score have sensitivity 32%, specificity of 89%, PPV of 67%, NPV of 66%. AUC ROC 0.652.

Conclusions: Duke clinical score is invalid as a predictor of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae infection in ICU RSCM patients.

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