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"[Lapangan FTM sebagai lapangan minyak dan gas bumi. Pada lapangan FTM terdapat dua reservoir gas dan reservoir minyak, yaitu formasi Minahaki dan Formasi Tomori. Penelitian yang dilakukan pada formasi Tomori dengan litologi batuan karbonat dan merupakan reservoir minyak yang berumur Miocene Akhir. Stuktur ini terbentuk oleh sesar mendatar (Trust fault) dengan sudut kecil yang berarah NE-SW. Identifikasi hidrokarbon pada studi ini didasarkan pada hasil metode dekomposisi spektral. Metode dekomposisi spektral berbasis ISA dan CWT digunakan untukanalisa anomali frekuensi rendah. Anomali frekuensi rendah berasosiasi adanya hidrokarbon. Analisa petrofisika pada lapangan FTM pada daerah hidrokarbon mempunyai porositas yang bagus dan saturasi air yang kecil. Hasil dari pemetaan zona prospek hidrokarbon dan analisa petrofisika ini diharapkan bisa dilakukan delineasi zona prospek untuk kepentingan survey seismik lebih lanjut dan acuan untuk proses pemboran.

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FTM Field is one of the new fields as energy reserves in Indonesia as an oil and gas field. In the field there are two reservoirs FTM gas and oil reservoirs, namely the formation Minahaki and Tomori Formation. Research conducted on the formation lithology Tomori with carbonate rocks and an oil reservoir Late Miocene. This structure is formed by a horizontal fault (Trust fault) with a small angle of the NE - SW trending.

Hydrocarbon determination using spectral decomposition method, based spectral decomposition method is used for analysis ISA and CWT low frequency anomaly. Low frequency anomaly associated hydrocarbon indicator. Petrophysical analysis FTM field have good porosity and water saturation small on hydrocarbon area.

Results of mapping zones of hydrocarbon prospects and petro physical analysis is expected to be used for the benefit of the prospect delineation zone further seismic surveys and drilling of reference for the process;FTM Field is one of the new fields as energy reserves in Indonesia as an oil and gas field. In the field there are two reservoirs FTM gas and oil reservoirs, namely the formation Minahaki and Tomori Formation. Research conducted on the formation lithology Tomori with carbonate rocks and an oil reservoir Late Miocene. This structure is formed by a horizontal fault (Trust fault) with a small angle of the NE - SW trending. Hydrocarbon determination using spectral decomposition method, based spectral decomposition method is used for analysis ISA and CWT low frequency anomaly. Low frequency anomaly associated hydrocarbon indicator. Petrophysical analysis FTM field have good porosity and water saturation small on hydrocarbon area. Results of mapping zones of hydrocarbon prospects and petro physical analysis is expected to be used for the benefit of the prospect delineation zone further seismic

surveys and drilling of reference for the process., FTM Field is one of the new fields as energy reserves in Indonesia as an oil and

gas field. In the field there are two reservoirs FTM gas and oil reservoirs, namely

the formation Minahaki and Tomori Formation. Research conducted on the

formation lithology Tomori with carbonate rocks and an oil reservoir Late

Miocene. This structure is formed by a horizontal fault (Trust fault) with a small

angle of the NE - SW trending.

Hydrocarbon determination using spectral decomposition method, based spectral

decomposition method is used for analysis ISA and CWT low frequency anomaly.

Low frequency anomaly associated hydrocarbon indicator. Petrophysical analysis

FTM field have good porosity and water saturation small on hydrocarbon area.

Results of mapping zones of hydrocarbon prospects and petro physical analysis is

expected to be used for the benefit of the prospect delineation zone further seismic

surveys and drilling of reference for the process]"

"[Lapangan FTM sebagai lapangan minyak dan gas bumi. Pada lapangan FTMterdapat dua reservoir gas dan reservoir minyak, yaitu formasi Minahaki danFormasi Tomori. Penelitian yang dilakukan pada formasi Tomori dengan litologibatuan karbonat dan merupakan reservoir minyak yang berumur Miocene Akhir.Stuktur ini terbentuk oleh sesar mendatar (Trust fault) dengan sudut kecil yangberarah NE-SW.Identifikasi hidrokarbon pada studi ini didasarkan pada hasil metode dekomposisispektral. Metode dekomposisi spektral berbasis ISA dan CWT digunakan untukanalisa anomali frekuensi rendah. Anomali frekuensi rendah berasosiasi adanyahidrokarbon. Analisa petrofisika pada lapangan FTM pada daerah hidrokarbonmempunyai porositas yang bagus dan saturasi air yang kecil.Hasil dari pemetaan zona prospek hidrokarbon dan analisa petrofisika inidiharapkan bisa dilakukan delineasi zona prospek untuk kepentingan surveyseismik lebih lanjut dan acuan untuk proses pemboran.;FTM Field is one of the new fields as energy reserves in Indonesia as an oil andgas field. In the field there are two reservoirs FTM gas and oil reservoirs, namelythe formation Minahaki and Tomori Formation. Research conducted on theformation lithology Tomori with carbonate rocks and an oil reservoir LateMiocene. This structure is formed by a horizontal fault (Trust fault) with a smallangle of the NE - SW trending.Hydrocarbon determination using spectral decomposition method, based spectraldecomposition method is used for analysis ISA and CWT low frequency anomaly.Low frequency anomaly associated hydrocarbon indicator. Petrophysical analysisFTM field have good porosity and water saturation small on hydrocarbon area.Results of mapping zones of hydrocarbon prospects and petro physical analysis isexpected to be used for the benefit of the prospect delineation zone further seismicsurveys and drilling of reference for the process.;FTM Field is one of the new fields as energy reserves in Indonesia as an oil andgas field. In the field there are two reservoirs FTM gas and oil reservoirs, namelythe formation Minahaki and Tomori Formation. Research conducted on theformation lithology Tomori with carbonate rocks and an oil reservoir LateMiocene. This structure is formed by a horizontal fault (Trust fault) with a smallangle of the NE - SW trending.Hydrocarbon determination using spectral decomposition method, based spectraldecomposition method is used for analysis ISA and CWT low frequency anomaly.Low frequency anomaly associated hydrocarbon indicator. Petrophysical analysisFTM field have good porosity and water saturation small on hydrocarbon area.Results of mapping zones of hydrocarbon prospects and petro physical analysis isexpected to be used for the benefit of the prospect delineation zone further seismicsurveys and drilling of reference for the process.;FTM Field is one of the new fields as energy reserves in Indonesia as an oil andgas field. In the field there are two reservoirs FTM gas and oil reservoirs, namelythe formation Minahaki and Tomori Formation. Research conducted on theformation lithology Tomori with carbonate rocks and an oil reservoir LateMiocene. This structure is formed by a horizontal fault (Trust fault) with a smallangle of the NE - SW trending.Hydrocarbon determination using spectral decomposition method, based spectraldecomposition method is used for analysis ISA and CWT low frequency anomaly.Low frequency anomaly associated hydrocarbon indicator. Petrophysical analysisFTM field have good porosity and water saturation small on hydrocarbon area.Results of mapping zones of hydrocarbon prospects and petro physical analysis isexpected to be used for the benefit of the prospect delineation zone further seismicsurveys and drilling of reference for the process.;FTM Field is one of the new fields as energy reserves in Indonesia as an oil andgas field. In the field there are two reservoirs FTM gas and oil reservoirs, namelythe formation Minahaki and Tomori Formation. Research conducted on theformation lithology Tomori with carbonate rocks and an oil reservoir LateMiocene. This structure is formed by a horizontal fault (Trust fault) with a smallangle of the NE - SW trending.Hydrocarbon determination using spectral decomposition method, based spectraldecomposition method is used for analysis ISA and CWT low frequency anomaly.Low frequency anomaly associated hydrocarbon indicator. Petrophysical analysisFTM field have good porosity and water saturation small on hydrocarbon area.Results of mapping zones of hydrocarbon prospects and petro physical analysis isexpected to be used for the benefit of the prospect delineation zone further seismicsurveys and drilling of reference for the process.;FTM Field is one of the new fields as energy reserves in Indonesia as an oil andgas field. In the field there are two reservoirs FTM gas and oil reservoirs, namelythe formation Minahaki and Tomori Formation. Research conducted on theformation lithology Tomori with carbonate rocks and an oil reservoir LateMiocene. This structure is formed by a horizontal fault (Trust fault) with a smallangle of the NE - SW trending.Hydrocarbon determination using spectral decomposition method, based spectraldecomposition method is used for analysis ISA and CWT low frequency anomaly.Low frequency anomaly associated hydrocarbon indicator. Petrophysical analysisFTM field have good porosity and water saturation small on hydrocarbon area.Results of mapping zones of hydrocarbon prospects and petro physical analysis isexpected to be used for the benefit of the prospect delineation zone further seismicsurveys and drilling of reference for the process., FTM Field is one of the new fields as energy reserves in Indonesia as an oil andgas field. In the field there are two reservoirs FTM gas and oil reservoirs, namelythe formation Minahaki and Tomori Formation. Research conducted on theformation lithology Tomori with carbonate rocks and an oil reservoir LateMiocene. This structure is formed by a horizontal fault (Trust fault) with a smallangle of the NE - SW trending.Hydrocarbon determination using spectral decomposition method, based spectraldecomposition method is used for analysis ISA and CWT low frequency anomaly.Low frequency anomaly associated hydrocarbon indicator. Petrophysical analysisFTM field have good porosity and water saturation small on hydrocarbon area.Results of mapping zones of hydrocarbon prospects and petro physical analysis isexpected to be used for the benefit of the prospect delineation zone further seismicsurveys and drilling of reference for the process.]"

"Penurunan produktivitas reservoar migas adalah masalah yang dihadapi lapangan produksi minyak dan gas bumi. Enhanced Oil Recovery EOR dengan waterflooding merupakan salah satu cara yang dapat dilakukan sebagai solusi untuk mempertahankan produksi dengan menjaga tekanan reservoar. Pemodelan pore pressure yang akurat dapat membantu dalam melakukan upaya waterflooding. Tesis ini bertujuan untuk memodelkan geomekanika reservoar lapangan migas yang berada di Cekungan Sumatera Utara dengan melakukan proses pemfilteran data sumur sebagai langkah awal untuk membangun model pore pressure yang akurat. Wilayah studi penelitian ini adalah lapangan produksi tua di Cekungan Sumatra Utara. Lapangan ini memiliki banyak data sumur produksi. Data sumur tersebut harus dipilih yang masih cocok dengan data seismik yang tersedia untuk membangun model pore pressure yang akurat. Penggunaan pore pressure model memungkinkan semua informasi yang berkaitan dengan geomekanika pengeboran dan produksi dapat diamati. Data tekanan sumur yang diukur dalam reservoar telah disaring untuk membangun model. Dalam penelitian ini telah diintegrasikan data seismik tiga dimensi 3D dalam membangun distribusi model yang mencakup sebagian besar area lapangan. Penelitian ini menggunakan lebih dari 100 data sumur yang telah berproduksi lebih dari 40 tahun. Tahap filtering menghasilkan 43 sumur untuk membangun model log pore pressure satu dimensi. Model pore pressure tersebut didistribusikan dengan data seismik 3D yang disajikan dalam parameter akustik impedansi. Hasil model menunjukkan bahwa ada variasi parameter pore pressure di lapangan ini, yang merupakan sumber informasi penting dalam melakukan upaya waterflooding yang sukses di masa yang akan datang.

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Reservoir depletion is a problem faced by mature oil and gas production fields. Enhanced Oil Recovery EOR by waterflooding is one of solutions to maintain the reservoir pressure. An accurate pore pressure model can be helpful in performing a successful waterflooding. This thesis aims to model the geomechanics of oil and gas reservoir which is located in the North Sumatra Basin by performing well data filtering as a first step to build an accurate pore pressure model.

The study area of this research is a mature production field in North Sumatra Basin that has been depleted for many years. This field has many production well data. These well data must be filtered based on the pressure changes from seismic data acquisition as a reference in order to construct an accurate pore pressure model. The use of pore pressure model allows all information related to geomechanics of drilling and production can be observed.

In this study, the pore pressure was distributed throughout the field that was guided by 3D seismic data. 100 productive wells that have been performed for more than 40 years of production are used, which was applied to the filtering. The filtering stage resulted in 43 wells to construct one dimensional pore pressure model, which was integrated to the 3D seismic data presented in acoustic impedance parameter. The model shows that there are variations of the geomechanical parameter on the field which is a helpful information in performing a successful waterflooding project in the future."

"ABSTRAKInversi seismik merupakan proses pengubahan suatu data seismik menjadi suatukuantitas Impedansi Akustik, sedangkan Dekomposisi Spektral merupakan prosespemisahan komponen spektrum frekuensi pada data seismik yang berguna dalammenentukan zona frekuensi rendah atau yang diistilahkan dengan low frequencyshadow zone. Kedua metode tersebut telah digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Inversiyang digunakan adalah model based, sedangkan dekomposisi spektralmenggunakan continues wavelet transform. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa keduametode tersebut secara konsisten menunjukkan bahwa lapangan CH pada formasikujung, Cekungan Jawa Timur terdapat area dengan nilai Impedansi Akustik yangrendah yang menunjukkan daerah-daerah reservoar dengan kandungan fluida gasyang ditunjukkan oleh anomali spektrum pada frekuensi 7 Hz.

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ABSTRACTSeismic Inversion is the process of converting seismic data into a quantity namedAcoustic Impedance, while Spectral Decomposition is the process of separatingthe components of the frequency spectrum on seismic data that is useful indetermining the zone of low frequency or which is termed the low frequencyshadow zone. Both of these methods have been used in this study. Inversionmethod used is a model-based, while the spectral decomposition using continueswavelet transform. The results showed that both methods have consistently shownthat CH field on the Kujung formation, East Java Basin there are areas with a lowAcoustic Impedance values that show areas of reservoir with gas content indicatedby anomalous spectrum at a frequency of 7 Hz."

"

Reservoir Intra Tarakan merupakan bagian dari Formasi Tarakan yang berumur Pliosen awal. Berdasarkan data pemboran, lapisan intra Tarakan merupakan reservoir batupasir dengan lingkungan pengendapan delta yang porinya terisi oleh fluida hidrokarbon dominan berupa gas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memetakan reservoir Intra Tarakan dan persebarannya di area penelitian dengan menggunakan data 3D seismik dan data sumur. Metode inversi simultan diaplikasikan untuk memperoleh indikator litologi dan fluida. Sedangkan proses pemisahan komponen spektrum frekuensi pada data seismik dengan berbasis transformasi wavelet kontinyu (CWT) digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi reservoir gas yang berasosiasi dengan zona frekuensi rendah. Dari hasil tes sensitivitas parameter diperoleh mu-rho sebagai indikator litologi dan lambda-rho sebagai indikator fluida, dimana batupasir memiliki nilai mu-rho 33-50 GPa*gr/cc dan batupasir tersaturasi gas memiliki nilai lambda-rho 2-20 GPa*gr/cc. Hasil dari inversi simultan ditransformasi menjadi volume lambda-rho dan mu-rho sehingga persebaran batupasir dan hidrokarbon gas pada lapisan intra Tarakan dapat dipetakan. Hasil dekomposisi spektral 25 Hz pada lapisan intra Tarakan memiliki kemiripan dengan peta persebaran litologi dari parameter mu-rho yang dapat memvisualisasikan fitur geologi berupa delta lobe, distributary channel, dan mouthbar. Sedangkan hasil dekomposisi spektral pada 5 Hz memiliki kemiripan dengan peta lambda-rho hasil inversi simultan yang memetakan persebaran hidrokarbon gas. Hasil integrasi antara inversi seismik simultan dan analisisi kualitatif dekomposisi spektral dapat membantu dalam mengkarakterisasi reservoar berdasarkan parameter yang dikontrol dari data sumur sehingga memberi tingkat keyakinan yang tinggi untuk merencanakan pengembangan lapangan.

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Reservoir Intra Tarakan is a part of Tarakan Formation that deposited in early Pliocene. Based on drilling data, Intra Tarakan layer is gas bearing sands reservoir with deltaic deposition environment. This research goal is to map the intra Tarakan reservoir character and its distribution in the study area using 3D seismic and wells data. Simultaneous inversion method is applied to obtain lithology and fluid indicator. While the process of separating the frequency spectrum components in seismic data based on a continuous wavelet transform (CWT) is used to identify the gas reservoir associated with low frequency zone. From sensitivity analysis, mu-rho is sensitive to lithological change and lambda-rho is sensitive to water saturation, sandstone value of mu-rho is 33-50 GPa*gr/cc and gas saturated sandstone value of lambda-rho is 2-20 GPa*gr/cc. The result of simultaneous inversion is transformed into lambda-rho and mu-rho volume so that sandstone and gas saturated sandstone can be mapped. Spectral decomposition result at 25 Hz in intra Tarakan layer shows similarity to lithology map derived from mu-rho volume that able to improve the geological feature visualization such as delta lobe, distributary channel, and mouthbar. While the result of spectral decomposition at 5 Hz in intra Tarakan layer have similarity with lambda-rho slice from the seismic simultaneous inversion result that inferred as gas distribution map. Integration result between seismic simultaneous inversion and qualitative analysis of spectral decomposition able to assist the reservoir characterization that controlled by well data that give higher confidence level to plan the field development.

"

"ABSTRAKHasil dekomposisi spektral dengan menggunakan metode Smoothed Pseudo Wigner-VilleDistribution (SPWVD) digunakan untuk mengestimasi nilai atenuasi pada data seismik.Tujuan tugas akhir ini adalah untuk mengkarakterisasi reservoar shale pada formasiGumai yang terletak di Lapangan Abiyoso yang berada di sub cekungan Jambi, cekunganSumatera Selatan dengan menggunakan dekomposisi spektral. Tahapan pertama yangdilakukan adalah analisis petrofisika dan analisis crossplot untuk mengarakterisasi lapisanreservoar shale. Karakterisasi lebih lanjut dilakukan dengan overlay kurva DlogR dankurva Transit time sonik. Dari ketiga zona shale yang diprediksi, diperlihatkan bahwalapisan batuan lempung pada zona Shale 1 merupakan lapisan batuan lempung yangdiduga reservoar. Hasil tersebut didukung pula oleh estimasi nilai atenuasi daridekomposisi spektral. Selanjutnya dekomposisi spektral diteruskan untuk data seismiksecara keseluruhan sehingga didapatkan estimasi persebaran reservoar lapisan batuanlempung pada data seismik.

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ABSTRACTThe results of spectral decomposition using Smoothed Pseudo Wigner-Ville Distribution(SPWVD) is used to estimate the value of attenuation on seismic data. The purpose of thisthesis is to characterize shale reservoir in Gumai Formation at Abiyoso Field in JambiSub Basin, South Sumatera Basin. The first stage,it is carried out petrophysical analysisand crossplot analysis to characterize shale reservoir layer. Further characterization isdone by overlaying DlogR and Sonic transit time curve. Based on the three predictedshale zone, it is shown that shale layer at Shale zone 1 is estimated the layer of shalereservoir. These results are confirmed also by the estimated value of the attenuation ofspectral decomposition. Further spectral decomposition is applied to seismic data set tomap distribution of shale reservoir."

"[ABSTRAKPenelitian ini dilakukan untuk untuk menentukan kemampuan baru rantai pasok di Pageo berdasarkan evaluasi faktor-faktor internal dan eksternal yang mempengaruhi strategi rantai pasok, dengan menggunakan kerangka pikir rantai pasok Dittmann (2013). Pageo, salah satu perusahaan jasa di industri hulu minyak dan gas menghadapi tantangan internal dan eksternal yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bisnisnya. Penentuan kemampuan baru rantai pasok diawali dengan menganalisa masukan dari pelanggan Pageo, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan penilaian internal terhadap sistem rantai pasok yang ada di Pageo saat ini, lalu dilanjutkan dengan evaluasi terhadap external megatrends yang mempengaruhi rantai pasok Pageo, dilanjutkan dengan analisis situasi kompetisi yang dihadapi Pageo, kemudian evaluasi teknologi yang digunakan Pageo dan evaluasi teknologi yang ada di pasar, dan kemudian dilanjutkan dengan analisa resiko yang dapat mempengaruhi bisnis Pageo. Dengan mempertimbangkan dan menganalisa faktor-faktor yang disebutkan diatas, Pageo perlu menentukan kemampuan baru rantai pasok yang diperlukan untuk mengelola sumber daya dan aktivitas perusahaan secara terintegrasi untuk memastikan keberhasilan pemenuhan order dari pelanggan melalui implementasi berbasis proyek sesuai dengan waktu, biaya yang optimal dan kebutuhan spesifikasi yang ditetapkan, dan fleksibel (one stop services) dengan dukungan pemasok dan rekanan yang handal. Pageo juga memerlukan aplikasi sumber daya manusia yang terintegrasi secara kesisteman, termasuk sistem pengembangan karyawan, sistem penilaian karyawan dan sistem kompensasi karyawan untuk mengembangkan dan mempertahankan karyawan terbaik dalam perusahaan Pageo.

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ABSTRACTThis thesis discusses about the determination of the new supply chain capability in Pageo by evaluating the internal and external factors that influence the supply chain strategy using the supply chain framework introduced by Dittmann (2013). Pageo, as one of the upstream oil and gas service company, faced internal and external challenges that may defer and inhibit its growth. The step for determining the new supply chain capability is initiated by analyzing the inputs from Pageo customers, then assessing internal supply chain system, progress to evaluating the external megatrends that influence the supply chain, assessing the competition environment, evaluating the technology used within the company and the technology available in the market then followed by appraising the risks that may impact the business. Taking into consideration all the above foundation elements and analyzing them, Pageo needs to determine the new capability to manage and track the company resources and activities with integrative way to ensure the successful order fulfillment through project based implementation that meet the required time, the optimized cost and the specification required, and flexible (one stop services) with the support of the reliable supplier/partner. Integrated with the system, Pageo also requires an HR application that incorporate the employee development system, employee appraisal system and compensation system to develop and retain the best personnel within Pageo;This thesis discusses about the determination of the new supply chain capability in Pageo by evaluating the internal and external factors that influence the supply chain strategy using the supply chain framework introduced by Dittmann (2013). Pageo, as one of the upstream oil and gas service company, faced internal and external challenges that may defer and inhibit its growth. The step for determining the new supply chain capability is initiated by analyzing the inputs from Pageo customers, then assessing internal supply chain system, progress to evaluating the external megatrends that influence the supply chain, assessing the competition environment, evaluating the technology used within the company and the technology available in the market then followed by appraising the risks that may impact the business. Taking into consideration all the above foundation elements and analyzing them, Pageo needs to determine the new capability to manage and track the company resources and activities with integrative way to ensure the successful order fulfillment through project based implementation that meet the required time, the optimized cost and the specification required, and flexible (one stop services) with the support of the reliable supplier/partner. Integrated with the system, Pageo also requires an HR application that incorporate the employee development system, employee appraisal system and compensation system to develop and retain the best personnel within Pageo, This thesis discusses about the determination of the new supply chain capability in Pageo by evaluating the internal and external factors that influence the supply chain strategy using the supply chain framework introduced by Dittmann (2013). Pageo, as one of the upstream oil and gas service company, faced internal and external challenges that may defer and inhibit its growth. The step for determining the new supply chain capability is initiated by analyzing the inputs from Pageo customers, then assessing internal supply chain system, progress to evaluating the external megatrends that influence the supply chain, assessing the competition environment, evaluating the technology used within the company and the technology available in the market then followed by appraising the risks that may impact the business. Taking into consideration all the above foundation elements and analyzing them, Pageo needs to determine the new capability to manage and track the company resources and activities with integrative way to ensure the successful order fulfillment through project based implementation that meet the required time, the optimized cost and the specification required, and flexible (one stop services) with the support of the reliable supplier/partner. Integrated with the system, Pageo also requires an HR application that incorporate the employee development system, employee appraisal system and compensation system to develop and retain the best personnel within Pageo]"

"Cost recovery merupakan hak Kontraktor Kontrak Kerja Sama ldquo;KKKS rdquo; dan merupakan biaya operasi yang tercantum di dalam work plan and budget WP B yang diajukan tiap tahunnya kepada badan pelaksana sekarang SKK Migas . Cost recovery dalam WP B merupakan bagian dari Kontrak Bagi Hasil ldquo;KBH rdquo; . Pemerintah Indonesia, dalam hal ini diwakili oleh SKK Migas, merupakan pihak dalam KBH tersebut. Di dalam KBH, terdapat ketentuan bahwa KBH tidak dapat diubah dalam segala hal kecuali dengan persetujuan tertulis dari masing-masing pihak. Namun, berdasarkan PP No.79/2010, pemerintah Indonesia mewajibkan KKKS untuk melakukan penyesuaian biaya-biaya operasional yang tecantum di dalam KBH ketentuan terkait WP B. Hal inilah yang menimbulkan permasalahan bahwa terlihat adanya ketidaktaatan terhadap azas pacta sunt servanda di dalam KBH yang telah dibuat. Dalam meneliti permasalahan tersebut, penulis menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan historis. Berdasarkan penelitian tersebut, penulis mengetahui bahwa i pengaturan terkait cost recovery terdapat di dalam KBH. Untuk mengatur biaya yang dimasukan sebagai cost recovery, Pemerintah Indonesia menerbitkan Permen ESDM No.22/2008 dan PP No.79/2010; ii penerapan azas pacta sunt servanda dalam KBH tidak terlaksana dengan baik karena ada kewajiban secara sepihak oleh Pemerintah Indonesia kepada KKKS untuk menyesuaikan KBH berdasarkan PP No. 79/2010; dan iii kebijakan mengenai cost recovery yang ada di dalam KBH dan peraturan perundang-undangan merupakan kebijakan yang ideal di industri migas saat ini.

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Cost recovery is the right of the Contractor of Cooperation Contract KKKS and represents the operating costs listed in the work plan and budget WP B which is submitted annually to the implementing body currently called as SKK Migas . Cost recovery in WP B is part of Production Sharing Contract KBH . The Government of Indonesia, in this event represented by SKK Migas, is a party in KBH. In KBH, there is a provision that KBH can not be changed in any way except with the written consent of each party. However, pursuant to PP No.79 2010, the Government of Indonesia required KKKS to adjust the operational costs listed in KBH WP B provision. This matter arose the problem that it seems like there was the disobedience to the principle of pacta sunt servanda in the KBH which has been made.

The author used normative legal research methods with legislation and historical approaches for examining these problem. Based on the research, the author knew that i the arrangement of cost recovery is contained in KBH. The Government of Indonesia issued Permen ESDM No.22 2008 and PP No.79 2010 to manage the expenditure included as cost recovery ii the application of the principle of pacta sunt servanda in KBH is not well implemented due to there is an unilateral obligation by the Government of Indonesia to KKKS to adjust KBH based on PP No. 79 2010 and iii the policy on cost recovery which was in the KBH and law and regulation is currently an ideal policy in oil and gas industry. "

"Pada tahun 2017 Pemerintah Indonesia melakukan perubahan terhadap sistem Kontrak Bagi Hasil Migas (KBH), dari KBH cost recovery menjadi KBH gross split. Perubahan KBH dengan skema gross split diharapkan menjadi solusi atas menurunnya tingkat investasi hulu migas serta meningkatkan pendapatan negara. Melalui Permen ESDM No. 8/2017 gross split diberlakukan. Perubahan mendasar pada KBH gross split adalah tidak adanya cost recovery, adanya base split dan komponen variable dan komponen progresif sebagai penyesuaian bagi hasil, pengadaan barang dan jasa dilakukan sendiri oleh Kontraktor tanpa persetujuan SKK Migas, serta persetujuan Plan Of Development (POD) yang tidak lebih dari 1 bulan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kepastian hukum dalam pemberlakuan KBH gross split yang bersifat lintas sektor dan implementasinya terhadap investasi, dengan menggunakan metode penelitian normatif melalui library research dan wawancara kepada pelaku usaha. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa kepastian hukum dalam KBH gross split sudah ada namun masih terdapat kendala-kendala, dan terhadap investasi KBH gross split terbukti dapat menaikan investasi hulu migas namun belum dapat memperbaiki iklim investasi hulu migas secara keseluruhan.

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In early 2017, Indonesia establish a new form of Production Sharing Contract (PSC), from PSC cost recovery to PSC gross split. PSC gross split is expected to be a solution to the decline upstream oil and gas investment level, and to increase state revenues. Through ESDM Regulation No. 8/2017 PSC gross split was applied. The basic term by PSC gross split are there’s no cost recovery, base split, component variable and component progresif as a compliance of profit sharing adjustments, self procurement by the contractor without SKK Migas approval, and Plan Of Development (POD) approval less than one month.

This study aims to determine the legal certainty in the implementation of KBH gross split which is cross-sectoral and its implementation of investment, using normative research methods through library research and interviews with business actors.

From the research results it is known that legal certainty in the KBH gross split already exists but there are still constraints, and the KBH gross split investment is proven to be able to increase the upstream oil and gas investment but has not been able to improve the overall upstream oil and gas investment climate."

"Terdapat tiga permasalahan dalam penelitian ini. Pertama, bagaimana konsep sistem konsesi dalam pertambangan minyak dan gas bumi (migas) di Indonesia. Kedua, bagaimana konsep Kontrak Bagi Hasil (KBH) dalam pertambangan migas di Indonesia. Terakhir, bagaimana bentuk kontrak yang sesuai untuk diterapkan di Indonesia dengan membandingkan antara sitem konsesi dengan KBH. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui konsep sistem konsesi dan KBH yang pernah diterapkan di Indonesia. Kemudian, untuk mengetahui sistem yang lebih menguntungkan untuk diterapkan di Indonesia dengan membandingkan sistem konsesi dengan KBH. Dalam penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan melakukan penelitian lapangan dan studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem KBH lebih menguntungkan untuk diterapkan di Indonesia dibandingkan dengan sistem konsesi yang pernah diterapkan sebelumnya. Hal tersebut berkaitan juga dengan Pasal 33 UUD 1945 yang menghendaki penguasaan negara atas kekayaan alam. Kesimpulannya, sistem KBH lebih menguntungkan untuk diterapkan di Indonesia. Hal tersebut karena dengan menerapkan sistem KBH, negara memiliki posisi yang kuat terhadap kontraktor.

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AbstractThis research is mainly discussed about three problems. First, how the concept of concession system in Indonesian?s oil and gas upstream business works'. Second, how the concept of Production Sharing Contract in Indonesian's oil and gas upstream business works'. And last, how to form the appropriate contract to be implemented in Indonesia by comparing the concession system with Production Sharing Contract. The first objective of this study is not only to describe the concept of concession system and production sharing contract that have been applied in Indonesia, but also to find which one that is more profitable to be implemented in Indonesia by comparing the concession system with the Production Sharing Contract. In this study, the author is using normative legal research method by conducting field research and literature studies. The results showed that production sharing contract more profitable to be applied in Indonesia as compared with the concession system that had applied previously. This is also related with Article 33 Constitutional Law 1945 which requires state control over natural wealth. In conclusion, the Production Sharing Contract is more profitable to be applied in Indonesia than the concession system because by applying production sharing contract, the state has a strong position against the contractor. "