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"[ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh faktor keuangan yaitu rasio imbal hasil atas aset dan rasio perputaran aset, serta faktor non keuangan yaitu spesialisasi audit, struktur kepemilikan, dan perubahan abnormal jumlah karyawan terhadap probabilitas fraud. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis regresi logistik dengan sampel penelitian terdiri atas 39 perusahaan fraud yang dikenakan sanksi oleh Bapepam-LK dan 39 perusahaan non fraud pada periode 2004-2012. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, ditemukan bahwa rasio perputaran aset, kepemilikan institusional, dan perubahan abnormal jumlah karyawan merupakan faktor yang memengaruhi probabilitas fraud. Semakin besar rasio perputaran aset pada periode sebelum fraud maka semakin kecil kemungkinan perusahaan untuk melakukan fraud. Kepemilikan institusional ditemukan memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap probabilitas fraud, yaitu semakin besar proporsi kepemilikan saham oleh institusional pada periode sebelum fraud maka semakin tinggi probabilitas perusahaan untuk melakukan fraud. Semakin besar perubahan abnormal jumlah karyawan pada tahun fraud maka semakin kecil kemungkinan bahwa terdapat fraud dalam laporan keuangan. Sedangkan, rasio imbal hasil atas aset, spesialisasi audit, dan kepemilikan keluarga tidak berpengaruh terhadap probabilitas fraud.

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ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of financial factors which are return on asset ratio and total asset turnover ratio, and non financial factors which are auditor industry specialization, ownership structure, and abnormal employees change on the probability of fraud. This study use logistics regression to test it?s hypothesis with a sample consisted of 39 fraudulent companies that received sanction from Bapepam-LK and 39 non fraudulent companies in year 2004-2012. The result shows that total aset turnover, abnormal employees change, and institutional ownership have significant influence on probability of fraud. The higher total aset turnover ratio in the year preceding the year in which the fraud was reported to have occurred, the lesser the probability of firm to commit fraudulent financial statement. Institutional ownership has positive and significant effect on probability of fraudulent financial statement, that is the higher the proportion of institutional ownership in the year preceding the year in which the fraud was reported to have occurred, the higher the probability of firm to commit fraudulent financial statement. The higher abnormal employees change in the year of fraud, the lesser the probability of fraudulent financial statement. There is no significant effect of return on asset ratio, auditor industry specialization, and family ownership on probability of fraud., The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of financial factors which are return on asset ratio and total asset turnover ratio, and non financial factors which are auditor industry specialization, ownership structure, and abnormal employees change on the probability of fraud. This study use logistics regression to test it’s hypothesis with a sample consisted of 39 fraudulent companies that received sanction from Bapepam-LK and 39 non fraudulent companies in year 2004-2012. The result shows that total aset turnover, abnormal employees change, and institutional ownership have significant influence on probability of fraud. The higher total aset turnover ratio in the year preceding the year in which the fraud was reported to have occurred, the lesser the probability of firm to commit fraudulent financial statement. Institutional ownership has positive and significant effect on probability of fraudulent financial statement, that is the higher the proportion of institutional ownership in the year preceding the year in which the fraud was reported to have occurred, the higher the probability of firm to commit fraudulent financial statement. The higher abnormal employees change in the year of fraud, the lesser the probability of fraudulent financial statement. There is no significant effect of return on asset ratio, auditor industry specialization, and family ownership on probability of fraud.]"

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh fraud triangle yaitu pressure, opportunity dan rationalization terhadap kemungkinan terjadinya fraud pada laporan keuangan. Penelitian ini berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Skousen (2004). Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 16 perusahaan yang melakukan fraud pada laporan keuangan dan 16 perusahaan yang tidak melakukan fraud pada laporan keuangan selama kurun waktu 2000-2012. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode binary logistic. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel financial target dengan proksi ROA (pressure), organizational structure dengan proksi CEOTURN (opportunity) dan rationalization dengan proksi TATA (rationalization) berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kemungkinan terjadinya fraud pada laporan keuangan.

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The purpose of this research is to examine the influence the fraud triangle which is pressure, opportunity, and rationalization in the probability of financial statement fraud. This study is based on a research by Skousen (2004). The sample of this research consists of 16 companies which were committed in financial statement fraud and 16 companies which not committed in financial statement fraud during 2000-2012. This research using binary logistic as a method. The result of this research shows that variable financial target using ROA as proxy (pressure), organizational structure using CEOTURN as proxy (opportunity) and rationalization using TATA as proxy (rationalization) which significantly in detect the probability of financial statement fraud."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh manajemen laba, efektifitas board, dan kepemilikan institusional terhadap probabilita terjadinya fraud pada laporan keuangan. Pengujian hipotesis dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode regresi binary logistic dengan menggunakan data sanksi yang dikenakan pada perusahaan yang melakukan fraud yang diperoleh dari Bapepam-LK dari tahun 2007-2011. Manajemen laba (discretionary accrual) diukur dengan menggunakan model Kasznik. Efektivitas board diukur dengan kuesioner yang disusun oleh Hermawan (2009). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa efektifitas board berpengaruh negatif terhadap probabilita terjadinya fraud pada laporan keuangan, sementara manajemen laba dan kepemilikan institusional tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap probabilita terjadinya fraud pada laporan keuangan.

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The purpose of this research is to analyze the impact of earnings management, the board effectiveness, and institutional ownership on the fraud probability in financial statement. Hypothesis testing is carried out by using binary logistic regression model using fraud data from Bapepam LK year 2007 – 2011. Earnings management (discretionary accrual) measured by Kasznic model. The board effectiveness measured by checklist questionnaire developed by Hermawan (2009). The result of this research indicates that the board effectiveness has negatively influenced of the fraud probability in financial statement, while earnings management and institutional ownership have no influenced of the fraud probability in financial statement."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat perbedaan jumlah perusahaan yang masuk ke dalam kategori default pada masa sebelum pandemi dan saat pandemi COVID-19. Penelitian juga mempelajari apakah manajemen laba (earnings management) memiliki korelasi dengan probabilitas default saat pandemi COVID-19 khususnya perusahaan non keuangan di Indonesia. Data penelitian diperoleh dari Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2019 – 2021, probabilitas default dihitung dengan menggunakan KMV-Merton Model dan manajemen laba menggunakan metode Dechow F-Score (2011). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat peningkatan jumlah perusahaan yang masuk dalam kategori default pada masa pandemi COVID-19 dan hasil uji menunjukan bahwa manajemen laba tidak memiliki korelasi terhadap probabilitas default. Berdasarkan hasil uji, kedua model tidak dapat menggambarkan hubungan antar variabel dengan baik karena KMV-Merton melakukan perhitungan perubahan akun jangka panjang sementara Dechow F-Score memperhitungkan perubahan akun akrual jangka pendek.

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This study aims to see the difference in the number of companies that fall into the default category during the pre-pandemic period and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research also studies whether earnings management has a correlation with the probability of default during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially non-financial companies in Indonesia. The research data was obtained from the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2019 - 2021, the probability of default was calculated using the KMV-Merton Model and earnings management using the Dechow F-Score method (2011). The results showed that there was an increase in the number of companies in the default category during the COVID-19 pandemic and the test results showed that earnings management had no correlation with the probability of default. Based on the test results, both models cannot describe the relationship between variables well because KMV-Merton calculates long-term account changes while Dechow F-Score takes into account short-term accrual account changes.

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"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh spesialisasi industri auditor, ukuran KAP, prediksi kebangkrutan, dan ketidakstabilan profitabilitas terhadap kemungkinan terjadinya fraud pada laporan keuangan. Kemungkinan terjadinya fraud diukur dengan menggunakan M-Score (Beneish, 1999; Beneish, Lee, and Nichols, 2013). Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 120 perusahaan yang diduga melakukan fraud dan 120 perusahaan yang diduga tidak melakukan fraud. Pemilihian sampel menggunakan metode matching sample berdasarkan ukuran perusahaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemungkinan terjadinya fraud lebih rendah pada perusahaan yang diaudit oleh auditor spesialis dan/atau KAP Big 4. Sebaliknya, kemungkinan terjadinya fraud ditemukan lebih tinggi ketika kemungkinan perusahaan mengalami kebangkrutan juga tinggi dan ketika profitabilitas perusahaan tidak stabil.

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ABSTRACTThe purpose of this research is to examine the effect of auditor industry specialization, CPA firms size, company?s bankruptcy prediction, and instability of profitability on the probability of fraudulent financial reporting. The probability of fraudulent financial reporting is measured by using M-Score (Beneish, 1999; Beneish, Lee, and Nichols, 2013). The research is conducted by using samples of 120 companies suspected of committing fraud and 120 companies which allegedly did not commit fraud. The samples are matched based on company size. The results show that the probability of fraudulent financial reporting is lower when a company uses industry specialist auditors and/or auditors of Big 4 as its independent auditor. On the other hand, the probability of fraudulent financial reporting is found to be higher when the probability of bankruptcy is also higher and if the profitability is unstable."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh indikator non keuangan yaitu jumlah cabang, layanan electronic banking serta pangsa pasar/market share dan indikator keuangan yaitu: Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), Biaya Operasional dan Pendapatan Operasional (BOPO), Net Interest Margin (NIM) dan Non Performing Loan (NPL) terhadap Return On Asset (ROA) sebagai proksi dari kinerja keuangan perusahaan perbankan umum konvensional yang tercatat di Bank Indonesia periode 2007 hingga 2011. Data utama yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini diperolah dari Laporan Keuangan Publikasi Triwulanan Perusahaan Perbankan yang tercatat di Bank Indonesia periode Desember 2007 hingga Desember 2011. Pengujian hipotesis dilakukan dengan menggunakan model regresi berganda, serta ukuran sampel dengan jumlah perusahaan observasi sebanyak 538 selama tahun 2007-2011.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa indikator non keuangan yang diwakili oleh variabel jumlah cabang dan market share berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap ROA. Variabel electronic banking berpengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap ROA. Untuk indikator keuangan, variabel CAR dan NIM berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap ROA, sementara variabel BOPO berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap ROA. Variabel LDR dan NPL menunjukkan pengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap ROA.

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The objective of this research is to analyze the effect of non-financial indicators, namely the number of branches, electronic banking services as well as market share and financial indicators, namely Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), Operating Expenses and Operating Income (BOPO), Net Interest Margin (NIM) and Non-Performing Loan (NPL) on Return On Assets (ROA) as a proxy of conventional bank financial performances that registered in Bank Indonesia for period 2007 to 2011. The main data used in this research were generated from the Bank Publication of Quarterly Financial Statements that recorded in Bank Indonesia from December 2007 to December 2011. Hypothesis testing is done by using multiple regression models, with 538 number of observed banks during 2007 to 2011.The results showed that non-financial indicators that represented by number of branches and market share have negative and significant influence to ROA. Variable electronic banking showed a weak influence on ROA. In other side, financial indicators that represented by variable CAR and NIM have positive and significant influence on ROA, while the BOPO variable have negatif and significant influence to ROA. Variable LDR and NPL showed not significant influence ROA."

"Penelitian ini menguji pengaruh probabilitas perilaku direksi yang ada di dalam elemen Fraud Hexagon terhadap indikasi terjadinya Fraud Laporan Keuangan (FLK), serta menguji peran komite audit dalam memperlemah pengaruh perilaku direksi tersebut. Model analisis yang digunakan adalah regresi logit logistik dengan data seluruh perusahaan non-keuangan di Indonesia tahun 2016-2020. Penelitian ini juga melakukan uji sensitivitas dengna melakukan uji beda koefisien yang didasarkan pada seberapa banyak komponen laporan keuangan yang dimanipulasi menggunakan Overall Manipulation Index. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa probabilitas direksi melakukan FLK semakin tinggi ketika direksi memiliki stimulus yang tinggi, peluang memanfaatkan kecurangan yang besar, serta kapabilitas yang tinggi untuk mengeksekusi kecurangan tersebut. Sebaliknya, direksi yang terindikasi melakukan FLK tidak mempertimbangkan rasionalisasi atas kecurangan yang dilakukan serta tidak memanfaatkan jaringan kolusi yang dimiliki. Menariknya, direksi yang berego tinggi justru cenderung untuk tidak melakukan FLK. Temuan lainnya dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa komite audit mampu meminimalisir kecenderungan direksi melakukan FLK apabila direksi memiliki stimulus yang tinggi, peluang yang besar, serta kapabilitas yang tinggi. Sebaliknya, komite audit tidak mampu meminimalisir probabilitas direksi dalam melakukan FLK apabila direksi memiliki rasionalisasi dan ego yang tinggi, serta jaringan kolusi yang besar.

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This study examines the effect of the probability of the behavior of directors in the Fraud Hexagon element on the indications of Fraud Financial Statements (FLK). It also examines the audit committee's role in weakening the influence of the behavior of the directors. The analytical model used is logistic logit regression with data on all non-financial companies in Indonesia in 2016-2020. This study also conducted a sensitivity test by conducting a different coefficient test based on how many components of the financial statements were manipulated using the Overall Manipulation Index. The findings of this study indicate that the probability of directors committing FLK is higher when the directors have a high stimulus, ample opportunities to take advantage of fraud, and a high capability to execute the fraud. On the other hand, directors indicated to have committed FLK do not consider the rationalization of the fraud committed and do not take advantage of the collusion network they have. Interestingly, directors with high egos tend not to do FLK. Other findings in this study indicate that the audit committee can minimize the tendency of directors to conduct FLK if the directors have high stimulus, great opportunities, and high capabilities. On the other hand, the audit committee cannot minimize the probability of the board of directors performing FLK if the board of directors has high rationalization and ego and an extensive network of collusion."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji dan memeroleh bukti empiris mengenai pengaruh komponen tata kelola perusahaan dan komponen pendukung eksternal perusahaan terhadap probabilita terjadinya fraud pada laporan keuangan. Proksi kemungkinan terjadinya fraud pada penelitian ini menggunakan dasar model M-Score. Sampel penelitian adalah 285 perusahaan publik non-keuangan selama tahun 2012-2016. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepemilikan terkonsentrasi, proporsi komisaris independen, efektivitas komite audit, dan penggunaan KAP big four terbukti mengurangi probabilita terjadinya fraud pada laporan keuangan. Penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa kepemilikan pemerintah dan regulasi industri yang lebih ketat meningkatkan probabilita terjadinya fraud pada laporan keuangan. Sebaliknya, usia terdaftarnya perusahaan sebagai perusahaan publik tidak terbukti berpengaruh terhadap probabilita terjadinya fraud pada laporan keuangan.

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The purpose of this study is to test and obtain empirical evidence about the effects of corporate governance components and external supporting components to probability of financial statement fraud. The proxy used in measuring the probability of financial statement fraud is by M Score model. The sample of this study is the 285 non financial public companies during 2012 2016. The result showing that the concentrated ownership, independent director proportion, audit committee effectiveness, and the using of big four accounting firm can reduce the probability of financial statement fraud otherwise the state ownership and restricted industry regulation in firms surprisingly increases the probability of financial statement fraud. However the length of year listed in the stock exchange do not influence the probability of financial statement fraud."

"Penelitian ini menggunakan sebanyak 53 sampel perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia pada rentang waktu tahun 2008 sampai 2010. Fraud merupakan perbuatan dalam memanipulasi informasi pada laporan keuangan dimana perusahaan yang sedang dalam kondisis keuangan yang sulit dapat terlihat baik. Tenure yang lama antara auditor dengan klien dapat saja menekan faktor yang dapat menyebabkan fraud, karena semakin lama hubungan justru dapat meningkatkan kualitas audit. Namun, dari hasil penelitian ini kedua faktor tersebut tidak berpengaruh signifikan. Hal tersebut diduga karena model MSCORE Beneish yang digunakan adalah untuk memprediksi fraud pada laporan keuangan, sedangkan di Indonesia fraud yang terjadi lebih banyak berupa pencurian aset dan korupsi. Kemudian perusahaan telah menerapkan pengendalian internal yang baik sehingga dapat mencegah fraud.

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This research is to examine the impact of Audit Firm tenure and the prediction of bankruptcy with the possibility of fraud in the manufacture’s financial reports using the Beneish MSCORE model. The research has 53 sampels of manufacture companies which listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange from 2008 until 2010. Fraud is a act to manipulating the information in financial reports whereas if the companies is in the bad financial condition, but they looks good. The long tenure between the auditor and their clients may preventing the factor of causing fraud, because the long relationship can improve the quality of audit. But, from the results of this research both of the factors don’t have a signifikan elationship. It may expected because the Beneish MSCORE Model is to predict the possibility of fraud in financial report, but the fraud in Indonesia is more occure as misappropriation of assets and corruptions. Then the companies have implemented a good internal control, so it can prevent the fraud."