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"Pneumonia merupakan salah satu penyebab tingginya morbiditas dan mortalitas anak di Indonesia. Salah satu faktor risiko terjadinya pneumonia dan meningkatkan risiko anak untuk dirawat inap adalah kurang mampunya ibu merawat anak di rumah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh perencanaan pulang terhadap kemampuan ibu merawat anak pneumonia di rumah. Penelitian ini merupakan studi quasi-experiment dengan rancangan posttest only group design. Sampel penelitian adalah 26 responden di dua rumah sakit di Sulawesi Barat. Hasil posttest menggambarkan tingkat pengetahuan dan keterampilan masing-masing kelompok berbeda secara bermakna (p < 0,05), dan ibu pada kelompok intervensi mampu merawat anak pneumonia di rumah, berbeda secara bermakna dengan kelompok kontrol (p < 0,05). Perencanaan pulang perawatan anak dengan pneumonia hendaknya diberikan secara terstruktur guna mendukung terlaksananya konsep family centered care dalam asuhan keperawatan anak di rumah sakit.

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Pneumonia is one of the causes of high morbidity and mortality of children in Indonesia. One risk factor for pneumonia and increased risk for hospitalized children is the lack of maternal knowledge. The aims of this study was identify the effect of discharge planning for maternal ability in caring the child pneumonia at home. This research was a study of quasi-experiment with group posttest only design. Study sample was 26 respondents in two hospitals in West Sulawesi.

The result were describe the post-test level of knowledge and skills each group different significantly (p < 0,05), and mothers in the intervention group capable of caring for child pneumonia, significantly different to the control group (p < 0,05). Discharge planning about pneumonia in children should be administered structured to support the implementation of family centered care concept in pediatric nursing at hospital."

"Pemberian pendidikan kesehatan berkaitan erat dengan pengetahuan dan perilaku ibu merawat balita penderita pneumonia di rumah sakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan menggunakan media audiovisual terhadap pengetahuan dan perilaku ibu merawat balita penderita pneumonia di rumah sakit di provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat. Desain dalam penelitian ini menggunakan kuasi eksperimen pretest posttest design with non equivalent control group dengan 32 sampel di RSUP NTB dan RSUD Patut Patuh Patju Lombok Barat secara consecutive sampling. Analisis data menggunakan independent t test, menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan dalam aspek pengetahuan dan perilaku ibu merawat balita penderita pneumonia antara kelompok perlakuan dan kelompok kontrol (pengetahuan: p=0,000, α=0,05, Perilaku: p = 0,000, α=0,05). Rekomendasi dari penelitian ini adalah pendidikan kesehatan sebaiknya menggunakan media audiovisual.

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The provision of health education is closely related to the knowledge and behavior of mothers caring for children under five years with pneumonia in the hospital. The aim of this research was to identify the effect of health education using audiovisual media on mother?s knowledge and behavior of mothers caring for children under five years with pneumonia in the hospital in West Nusa Tenggara. This research used quasi experimental pretest posttest design with non equivalent control group. Data was collected from 32 respondents with consecutive sampling technique and was analized with independent t-test. The result showed significant differences between intervention and control groups (knowledge, p value = 0,000, α=0,05, behavior, p value = 0,000, α=0,05). This research recommendates the use of audiovisual media in providing health education."

"ABSTRAKIbu yang memiliki pengetahuan yang baik akan mendukung percepatan penyembuhan balita pneumonia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah teridentifikasinya dampak pemberian edukasi kesehatan menggunakan media audiovisual berbasis mobile phone terhadap pengetahuan dan sikap ibu merawat anak balita pneumonia. Desain penelitian menggunakan quasi-experimental design dengan jumlah sampel 46 orang. Pengambilan sampel melalui consecutive sampling. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner yang dianalisis dengan Fisher excat test. Ada perbedaan pengetahuan dan sikap ibu pada kelompok intervensi sebelum dan sesudah edukasi kesehatan pengetahuan: p=0,017; sikap: p=0,003. Namun pada kelompok kontrol hanya pengetahuan yang berbeda signikan p=0,030. Pengetahuan dan sikap pada kelompok intervensi dan kontrol memiliki nilai statistik yang berbeda setelah edukasi kesehatan pengetahuan: p=0,018; sikap: p=0,384. Ada hubungan antara pendidikan dan pengalaman ibu merawat balita pneumonia dengan pengetahuan tetapi tidak ada perbedaan terhadap sikap ibu. Usia, pendapatan keluarga, dan informasi tidak ada perbedaan terhadap pengetahuan dan sikap ibu. Peneliti merekomendasikan untuk menggunakan audiovisual dalam kegiatan edukasi kesehatan dalam upaya meningkatkan pengetahuan dan sikap ibu.

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ABSTRACTMother's good knowledge and attitude will support healing of children suffering from pneumonia. The aim of this study is the identification of health education effect using mobilephone based audiovisual media on the mother's knowledge and attitude to be caring under five children with pneumonia. The research design used quasi experimental design with 46 samples. The sample was chosen through consecutive sampling. Data collection using questionnaires analyzed with Fisher excat test. There were a difference of mother's knowledge and attitude in the intervention group before and after health education knowledge p 0.017 attitude p 0.003. However in the control group only knowledge was significantly different p 0.030. Knowledge and attitude in groups of intervention and control have different statistic value after health education knowledge p 0,018 attitude p 0,384. There were a relationship between education and experience of caregiving mother of pneumonia with mother's knowledge but no difference to mother's attitude. Age, family income, and information there were no difference to mother's knowledge and attitude. Researcher recommend to use audiovisual in health teaching activities in an effort to improve mother's knowledge and attitude."

"Puskesmas Sukaraja Kecamatan Telukbetung Selatan merupakan salah satu dari 27 puskesmas yang ada di Kota Bandar Lampung dengan cakupan kasus pneumonia yang tinggi dibandingkan dengan puskesmas lain yaitu tahun 2008 dari 5.661 seluruh kasus, sebanyak 32,56% terdapat di Puskesmas Sukaraja. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kondisi rumah meliputi Kelembaban, suhu, pencahayaan, ventilasi, kepadatan hunian kamar, penggunaan obat nyamuk bakar, jenis bahan bakar untuk masak, dan kebiasaan merokok dengan kejadian pneumonia pada balita di Puskesmas Sukaraja Kota Bandar Lampung dan pengaruh karakteristik balita antara lain jenis kelamin, status gizi, asi eksklusif, imunisasi dengan kejadian pneumonia pada balita di Puskesmas Sukaraja Kota Bandar Lampung. Disain penelitian kasus kontrol dengan jumlah responden 240 orang yang terdiri atas kasus 120 orang dan kontrol 120 orang. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh balita usia 12 - 59 bulan yang tinggal di wilayah Puskesmas Sukaraja dengan kriteria: Kriteria inklusi kasus dan kontrol sebagai berikut: Sampel tinggal di wilayah puskesmas Sukaraja dan dinyatakan menderita pneumonia sesuai dengan gejala demam, nafas cepat 40 kali per menit atau lebih dan tarikan dinding dada bagian bawah kedalam (TDDK), sampel memiliki KMS, responden mau bekerjasama dengan peneliti, kontrol merupakan balita yang rumahnya paling dekat dengan kasus dan tidak menderita pneumonia berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan tenaga kesehatan di Puskesmas Sukaraja. Kriteria ekslusi kasus dan kontrol: Sampel memiliki penyakit menahun atau kronik seperti tuberculosis dan asma, sampel menderita pneumonia namun tinggal di luar wilayah Puskesmas Sukaraja, sampel atau responden menolak untuk diwawancara. Variabel terikat kejadian pneumonia pada balita dan variabel bebas terdiri dari ventilasi, kepadatan hunian kamar, jenis bahan bakar, penggunaan obat nyamuk bakar, suhu, pencahayaan, kelembaban, jenis kelamin, status gizi, ASI eksklusif, dan imunisasi. Faktor risiko yang berpengaruh terhadap kejadian pneumonia pada balita yaitu jenis kelamin, status gizi, imunisasi, kepadatan hunian kamar dan kelembaban. Faktor yang paling dominan mempengaruhi kejadian pneumonia pada balita adalah variabel kelembaban. Upaya yang dilakukan adalah promosi dan sosialisasi kepada masyarakat tentang penyakit pneumonia, rumah sehat, status gizi balita dan imunisasi.

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Sukaraja Public Health Center Kecamatan Telukbetung Selatan to from one of them for 27 Public Health Center which any in Bandar Lampung City with to seize problem pneumonia which high to equal with other Public Health Center such on 2008 for 5.661 all problem, to much 32,56% found in Public Health Center Sukaraja. This research done for to know the conditions influence of house such as dampness, temperature, lighting, ventilation, full room habitation, to use remedy against gnats, the kind fuel oil for cook, and smoking habitually with pneumonia happening for the baby in Sukaraja Public Health Center in Bandar Lampung City and characteristic influence the baby such as gender, nutritious statu, asi eksklusif, imunisasi with pneumonia influence for baby in Sukaraja Public Health Center Bandar Lampung City.

The research design case control with total respondent 240 people which to consist of 120 problem people and 120 control people. Sample with this research are all the babies age 12-59 months which live in Sukaraja Public Health Center district with criteria: problem inclusive criteria and as follow control: live sample in Sukaraja Public Health Center district and to make clear suffering pneumonia to match with fever indication, fast breath 40 time per minute or more and pull chest partition part of the bottom into deep, Sample have KMS, respondent wants to cooperate with researcher, to form control the baby who the house near with the problem and no pneumonia suffer the based on inspection result paramedic in Sukaraja Public Health Center. Problem exclusi ease and control: Have sample to stay for one year illness or chronic such as tuberculosis and asma, pneumonia suffer sample in spite of live in out Sukaraja Public Health Center district, sample or respondent reject for interview.

Bunch variable happenings pneumonia for the baby and free variable such as ventilation, full room habitation, the kind fuel oil, to use remedy against gnats, temperature, gender, nutritious status, asi eksklusif, imunisasi. Risk factor which influential towards pneumonia happenings for the baby that is gender, nutritious status imunisasi, full room habitation, dampness. The most dominated factor influence pneumonia happenings for the baby is dampness variable. The action which to do is promotion and socialization to public about pneumonia, healthy house, the baby nutritious status and imunisasi."

"Pneumonia merupakan penyakit mematikan nomor satu di dunia dengan prevalensi 44%. Di Indonesia, pneumonia balita merupakan penyebab kematian nomor dua setelah diare dengan proporsi 15,5%. Pneumonia merupakan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh virus dan bakteri yang dipengaruhi oleh pencemar fisik dan kimia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kualitas udara rumah dengan kejadian pneumonia balita dengan metode cross sectional. Hasil penelitian menunjukan hubungan signifikan terjadi pada PM10 dan PM2.5 (p < 0.05) dengan nilai risiko 4,40 dan 3,20. Hubungan tidak signifikan terjadi antara kepadatan hunian rumah dan kamar, ventilasi rumah dan lubang penghawaan dapur, perokok dalam rumah dan penggunaan obat nyamuk bakar, SO2, NO2 dan CO (p > 0.05) dengan pneumonia.

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Pneumonia is number one deadly disease in the world with the prevalance of 44%. In Indonesia, pneumonia in toodler is the leading cause of death after diarrhea with proportion of 15,5%. Pneumonia is a disease caused by a virus and bacteria that is influence by physical and chemical contaminants. Cross sectional method used in this research to analyze the indoor air quality and incidence of pneumonia. Significant correlation occur between PM10 and PM2.5 (p < 0.05) with odd ratio 4.40 and 3.24.

The results of this research showing absence of the relation between the density of a dwelling house and room, ventilation in the house and in the kitchen, smokers in the house and the use of mosquito coil, SO2, NO2 and CO (p > 0.05) with pneumonia."

"Penderita pneumonia yang dirawat di Rumah Sakit Cibabat Cimahi selama periode 2000-2003 sebanyak 1.559 orang, 120 orang diantaranya meninggal dunia CFR=7,71%, sedangkan di Rumah Sakit Hasan Sadikin Bandung selama periode yang sama telah merawat sebanyak 1.792 orang, 112 orang diantaranya meninggal dunia CFR=6,63%.Tingginya CFR penderita pneumonia di kedua rumah sakit tersebut menarik penulis untuk mengadakan penelitian, terutama pada balita yang cukup banyak penderitanya. Studi awal diketahui bahwa pada penderita pneumonia yang tidak meninggal di Rumah Sakit Cibabat terdapat sebanyak 36,5% memiliki gejala tambahan yang tidak lain sebagai penyakit penyerta pneumonia. Bagaimana dengan balita yang meninggal dunia?. Untuk itu penelitian yang penulis lakukan ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penyakit penyerta terhadap kematian balita akibat pneumonia di Rumah Sakit Cibabat Cimahi dan Rumah Sakit Hasan Sadikin Bandung. Desain penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah kasus kontrol, dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 170 balita, yang terdiri 85 balita sebagai kasus dan 85 balita sebagai kontrol. Variabelvariabel yang diteliti adalah kematian balita penderita pneumonia sebagai variabel terikat, sedangkan sebagai variabel bebas adalah penyakit penyerta, sianosis, umur, jenis kelamin, status gizi, status imunisasi, status rujukan, kelas perawatan, dan lokasi tempat tinggal. Seluruh variabel yang diteliti bersumber dari data rekam medik di kedua rmah sakit tersebut sejak Januari 2000 sampai bulan Juni 2004.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh penyakit penyerta terhadap kematian balita penderita pneumonia di Rumah Sakit Cibabat Cimahi dan Rumah Sakit Masan Sadikin Bandung. Balita penderita pneumonia disertai penyakit penyerta berisiko 3,38 kali dibandingkan dengan balita tanpa disertai penyakit penyerta. (p=0,00, OR=3,38, 95%CI=1,68--6,85). Ada pengaruh sianosis terhadap kematian balita akibat pneumonia, balita penderita pneumonia dengan gejala umum sianosis berisiko 7,42 kali meninggal dunia akibat dibandingkan balita tanpa gejala umum sianosis. (p=0,00, OR=7,42 95%CI=2,97-19,13).Melihat hasil penelitian diatas disarankan dalam menangani balita penderita pneumonia di Rumah Sakit agar lebih mewaspadai adanya penyakit penyerta dan gejala umum sianosis.Daftar Kepustakaan : 57 (1991-2004)

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South-East Asia Region World Health Organization (SEARO-WHO) reported that communicable diseases have caused 40% of 10.5 million of deaths among children under-five year olds in the world. In the 6 SEARO-countries, including Indonesia, it was estimated that about 9 of 10 deaths were caused by pneumonia, diarrhea, measles and malnutrition.

Based on an extrapolation of a result of Household Health Survey in 1992, the mortality rate of pneumonia among under-five children in Indonesia is about 6 per 1,000 under-five children. Therefore it is estimated that among under-five children, 150.000 deaths occur every year due to pneumonia. It means that pneumonia has significantly contributes on death among children, especially in the under-five group.

Cibabat Hospital in Cimahi has treated about 1,559 pneumonia cases during the period of 2000-2003, and among all those cases, 120 patient died (CFR=7.71%). Hasan Sadikin General Hospital in Bandung during the same period has managed 1,792 pneumonia cases with 112 deaths among the treated cases (CFR 6,63%).

There are several factors influencing pneumonia caused mortality, such as a) age (< 2 months), b) socio-economic status, c) malnutrition, d) low birth weight, e) low mother education, f) low health care coverage, g) high house density, h) inadequate immunization, i) contracting chronic diseases.

The objective of this study was to know the effect of underlying diseases on under-five child mortality due to pneumonia in Cibabat Hospital in Cimahi and in Hasan Sadikin General Hospital in Bandung.

The study results showed that there was an effect of underlying diseases on the under-five child mortality caused by pneumonia in both hospitals. An under-five pneumonia case with underlying disease(s) was 3.38 times more likely to cause death as compared to under-five pneumonia case without underlying disease(s). It was also found that cyanosis, as one of the common signs of emergency in pneumonia, also increased the risk of death. A pneumonia case with cyanosis was 7,42 times at risk to cause death than the case without cyanosis.

Based on our study, it is recommended that the medical staffs in the hospitals to be aware of the existing underlying diseases and to conduct integrated case management The medical staffs, as well as the mothers are also suggested to pay attention on the sign of cyanosis. This sign is actually not so difficult to be recognized, although it was frequently ignored. This common sign of cyanosis is important in pneumonia treatment in the field, using several case management approaches, including oxygenation.

The Ministry of Health and its relevant structures are also encouraged to establish the Integrated Management Program of the Under-five Child Sickness, especially related to pneumonia, by providing sufficient health) medical facilities (such as oxygen contractor) in the community health centers and the hospitals.

References: 57 (1991 - 2004)"

"ABSTRAKPneumonia di Indonesia masih menjadi masalah utama dan angka kematian karenapneumonia masih tinggi. Salah satu masalah keperawatan pada pneumonia adalah gangguanbersihan jalan napas. Inhalasi nebuliser merupakan salah satu pengobatan untukmembersihkan jalan napas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor yangberhubungan dengan efektivitas proses unhalasi nebuliser. Desain yang digunakan adalahcross sectional dengan 142 sampel. Hasil penelitian dengan regresi logistik didapatkan 2faktor yang berhubungan signifikan yaitu dukungan keluarga (p=0,000) dan caring perawat(p=0,000). Rekomendasi untuk penelitian selanjutnya melihat efektivitas proses terapinebuliser pada pneumonia berdasarkan jenis alat yang digunakan dan dosis obat yangdiberikan.

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ABSTRACTPneumonia is still a major problem and mortality due to pneumonia is still high in Indonesia.One of the nursing problems in pneumonia is a disorder airway clearance. Inhalationnebulizer is one of treatment to clear the airway. This study aim to know factors related to theof the inhalation nebulizer therapy. The design used a cross sectional study with 142 samples.Logistic regression analysis of data found that 2 significant factors related with familysupport (p = 0.000) and caring (p = 0.000). Recommendations for future research look at theeffectiveness of the nebulizer therapy in pneumonia based on the type of equipment used and the doseof drug administered"

"Secara global setiap tahunnya pneumonia menyebabkan kematian hampir sebanyak 1 juta pada anak usia dibawah 5 tahun. Populasi yang rentan terserang pneumonia adalah anak-anak usia kurang dari 2 tahun (Baduta). Period prevalence pneumonia pada anak Baduta berdasarkan data Riskesdas 2013 sebesar 1,7%.Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah mengetahui gambaran faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian pneumonia pada anak baduta di Indonesia dengan menggunakan data Riskesdas tahun 2013. Desain penelitian ini adalah cross-sectional. Analisis univariat digunakan untuk mendeskripsikan masingmasing variabel yang diteliti, dan analisis bivariat digunakan untuk melihat hubungan antara variabel independen dengan variabel dependen.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan berhubungan secara statistik dengan kejadian pneumonia pada baduta: umur 13-23 bulan berisiko 1,7 dibandingkan umur 0-12 bulan, tidak diberikan kolostrum (OR=1,742; 95% CI= 1,140-2,664), belum diberikan imunisasi campak karena umur anak (OR= 0,548; 95% CI= 0,388-0,773), tinggal di perdesaan (OR=1,448; 95% CI= 1,093-1,919), ada asap hasil pembakaran (OR=1,511; 95% CI= 1,142-1,998), ventilasi ruangan masak/dapur kurang (OR=1,829; 95% CI= 1,279-2,614), dan status sosial ekonomi rendah (OR=1,807). Belum dapat disimpulkan hubungan yang pasti bermakna secara statistik karena analisis dilakukan sampai bivariat, perlu dilakukan analisis multivariat.

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Globally each year, pneumonia causes almost 1 million deaths in children under 5 years of age. Populations susceptible to pneumonia are children aged less than 2 years. Period prevalence of pneumonia in children under two years based on data Riskesdas 2013 by 1.7%.

The aim of this study is to reveal the factors associated with the incidence of pneumonia in children under two years in Indonesia using data Riskesdas 2013. The study design was cross-sectional. Univariate analysis is used to describe each of the variables studied, and bivariate analysis is used to examine the relationship between the dependent and independent variables.

The results showed statistically associated with the incidence of pneumonia in children under two years old: age 13-23 months of age at risk of 1.7 compared to 0-12 months, not given colostrum (OR = 1.742; 95% CI = 1.140 to 2.664), not given measles immunization for the child's age (OR = 0.548; 95% CI = .388 to .773), live in rural areas (OR = 1.448; 95% CI = 1.093 to 1.919), there was the smoke of burning (OR = 1.511; 95% CI = 1.142 -1.998), ventilate the room cookware / kitchen less (OR = 1.829; 95% CI = 1.279 to 2.614), and lower socioeconomic status (OR = 1.807). Can not be concluded definite relationship was statistically significant due to the bivariate analyzes were performed, multivariate analysis is needed."

"ABSTRAKPneumonia adalah radang paru-para dengan diagnosa nafas ccpat dan sesak sertaadanya tarikan dinding dada bagian bawah ke daiam. Pneumonia disebabkan olehmilcroorganisme patogen (bakteri, virus, mikoplasma), aspirasi bahan atau produkberbahaya Pneumonia dipengaruhi antara lain faktor linglcungan tisik rumah dankaralcteristik anak. Pneumonia masih menjadi masalah di Indonesia khususnya di KotaTasikmalaya. Diperkirakan proporsi penyakit pneumonia penyebab keniatian pada bayisebesar l6,4%, sedangkan proporsi penyakit pneumonia pada balita sebesar 25%.Tujuan penelitian ini adaiah untuk mengetahui hubungan kcjadian pneumonia padabalita dengan faktor lingkungan Esik kamar tidur dan karakteristik anak.' Desain penelitian case control dengan pendekatan retrospektifl Sampel sebanyak300 responden terdiri dari 150 orang kasus dan _150 orang kontrol. Hasil analisis datadiperoleh hasil yaitu dari sepuluh variabel diteliti, yang mempunyai hubungan bermaknadengan kejadian pneumonia yaitu hanya delapan variabel terdizi dari jenis kelamin(p=0,00l;OR=2,3), status imunisasi (p=0,009;OR=1,9l), status gizi (p=0,013;OR=5,04), pembeiian ASI(p=0,028;OR=0,58), ventilasi (p=0,003;OR=0,48),pencahayaan (p=0,022,0R=0,55), kepadatan hunian (p=o,oo9;oR=o,s) dan asap obatnyamuk bakar (p=0,003; OR=2,l ). -Dari hasil uji multivariat tanpa interaksi, faktor dominan yang mempengaruhikejadian penyalcit pneumonia pada anak balita adalah status gizi dengan nilai B 1,799dan OR = 6,041 (CI 95%=l,607-22,713). Scdangkan hasil uji multivariat denganintemksi diperoleh' hasil bahwa faktor dominan yang mempengaruhi kejadianpneumonia anak balita adalah interaksi antara asap obat nyamuk dengan status gizidengan nilai B 1,040 dan OR-2,828 (CI 95%=1,66?7-4,7988). Pada perhitunganprobabiiitas didapatkan hasii bahwa balita yang menderita pneumonia memilikiprobabililas adds 15,6 kali punya riwayat status imunisasi tidak Iengkap (DPT danCampak), status gizi kurang dan ada asap obat nyamuk bakar di dalam kamar tidurdibanding balita yang tidak menderita pneumonia Dari hasil penelitian ini disarankan agar anak balita diimunisasi Iengkap (DPTdan Carnpak), diberi asupan makanan dengan gizi seimbang, dan tidak menggunakanobat anti nyamuk bakar di dalam kamar tidur, serta perlu disosialisasikan faktor-faktor'yang berhubungan dengan kcjadian pneumonia pada balita.

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ABSTRACTPneumonia is implementation of lengs with fast breath and short - windeddiagnosis and existence of chest wall with drawal at down part move inside. Pneumoniais caused of pathogen microorganism (bacterium, virus, rnicoplasma), materialsaspiration or dangerous product Pneumonia is aifected by the factors of house physicalenvironment and children characteristics. Pneumonia still become serious problem inIndonesia especially at T asikmalaya City. It was predicted that proportion of pneumoniadisease caused to the death of baby is l6,4%, while proportion of pneumonia desease ofchlidren imder Eve is 25%. The objective of this research was to lcnow the relationbetween pneumonia case of children under tive years with physical environment factorof badroom and child characteristic.The research design was case control design and retrospective approach. Thesamples were 300 respondents consist of 150 and 150 controls. The result of dataanalysis was got : fiom ten variables studied, the variables that have significant relationave 8 varables consisted of sex (p=0,00l,OR=2,3), immunization status (p=0,009,OR=l,9l), nutrition status (p=0,0l3,0R=5,04), giving ASI (p=0,027,0R=0,58),ventilation (p=0,022,0R=0,48), lighting (p=0,22,0R=0,55), bed room density(p=0,009,0R=0,5), smoke of medicine for fighting mosquito (p=0,003,0R=2,l). Frommultivariate test result without interaction was indicated that dominant factors whichaffected on pneumonia disease occurrence of children under live years old werenutrition status by B-value = l,799 and OR-value == 6,041 CI 95% = 1,607-22,7l3,whereas multivariate test by interaction was obtained a result that dominant factorswhich affected on pneumonia occurrence of children gander five years old wereinteraction between smoke of medicine for fighting mosquito and nutrition status by B-value = 1,040 and OR~value = 2,828 Cl 95% = 1,667-4,7988. At probability calculation,it was got the result that children under tive years old who suliered from pneumonia hadodd probability 15,6 times of having incomplete immunization status (DPT andMeasles), less nutrition statins and there were smoke of bumed mosquito repellent in the bed room compared to chlidren under tive years who suffered from pneumonia. Fromthe result ol' research, it was suggested that children under five years old should beimmunized completely (DPT and Measles immunization) it must be given thc lbodsuply with ballanced nutrient and don't use burned mosquito repellent in bad room and itneed to be sosialized the factors which have relation with pneumonia cases of childrenunder five years old.

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"Salah satu gangguan sistem pernapasan yang umum ditemukan pada bayi dan anak-anak yaitu pneumonia karena bayi belum memiliki sistem kekebalan tubuh yang matang, sehingga mudah terpapar patogen penyebab pneumonia. Masalah keperawatan utama yang dapat terjadi yaitu bersihan jalan napas tidak efektif karena kondisi pneumonia membuat alveoli diisi dengan sputum yang sulit dikeluarkan, sehingga terasa sakit saat bernapas dan membatasi asupan oksigen. Karya ilmiah ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas penerapan terapi fisioterapi dada terhadap perbaikan status pernapasan pada bayi dengan pneumonia. By. Ny. R lahir secara sectio caesarea pada usia gestasi 36-37 minggu atas indikasi hidramnion, kondisi bayi terdengar ronkhi (+/+), gelisah dan rewel, sesak napas (+), retraksi dada (+), frekuensi napas 41x/menit, saturasi oksigen rendah yaitu 80% on high flow nasal dengan flow 4 dan FiO2 25%. Intervensi dilakukan selama 6 hari dengan penerapan intervesi fisioterapi dada. Hasil menunjukkan terdapat perbaikan status pernapasan pada bayi terutama saturasi oksigen dan frekuensi napas stabil pada rentang normal yaitu 30-60x/menit, suara ronkhi minimal, sesak minimal, produksi sekret 15-25 cc. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan terapi fisioterapi dada sesuai indikasi secara rutin untuk pengeluaran sekret sehingga meningkatkan status pernapasan pada pasien dengan pneumonia.

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One of the common respiratory system disorders found in infants and children is pneumonia because infants do not have a mature immune system, so they are easily exposed to pathogens that causes pneumonia. The main nursing problem that can occur is ineffective airway clearance because pneumonia conditions make the alveoli filled with sputum that is difficult to remove, making it painful to breathe and limiting oxygen intake. This scientific work aims to analyze the effectiveness of the application of chest physiotherapy therapy on improving respiratory status in infants with pneumonia. By. Ny. R was born by sectio caesarea at 36-37 weeks gestation for indications of hydramnios, the infant condition was heard ronkhi (+/+), restless and fussy, shortness of breath (+), chest retraction (+), respiratory rate 41x/min (normal), low oxygen saturation which is 80% on high flow nasal with flow 4 and FiO2 25%. The intervention was carried out for 6 days with the application of chest physiotherapy interventions. The results showed that there was an improvement in the respiratory status of the infant, especially oxygen saturation and respiratory rate stabilized in the normal range of 30-60x/min, minimal ronkhi sound, minimal tightness, 15-25 cc secretion production. Therefore, chest physiotherapy is needed according to indications routinely for secretion removal so as to improve respiratory status in patients with pneumonia."