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"Latar belakang: Kelelahan yang dialami oleh pramugari dapat mempengaruhi sebagian besar kemampuan dalam melaksanakan tugas. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kelelahan pada pramugari sipil di Indonesia. Metode: Desain potong lintang dengan sampling purposif pada pramugari yang melaksanakan pengujian kesehatan di Balai Kesehatan Penerbangan dan Garuda Sentra Medika, tanggal 27 April?13 Mei 2015. Kelelahan diukur dengan Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS). Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner , meliputi demografi, pekerjaan, kehilangan waktu tidur , beban kerja mental dan kelelahan. Hasil: Di antara 512 pramugari yang melaksanakan pemeriksaan kesehatan, 373 subyek termasuk kriteria inklusi, dengan prevalensi kelelahan 36,2%. Jumlah sektor, kehilangan waktu tidur, perubahan jadwal terbang dan kadar hemoglobin merupakan faktor yang berhubungan dengan kelelahan. Jumlah sektor lebih dari enam memiliki risiko 37% menyebabkan kelelahan [risiko relatif suaian (RRa)=1,37;p=0,095]. Kehilangan waktu tidur berisiko dua kali lebih besar menyebabkan kelelahan (RRa=2,07;p= 0,000).Perubahan jadwal terbang dan kadar hemoglobin rendah memiliki risiko 44%(RRa=1,41;p=0,011) dan 33%(RRa=1,33;p=0,042) menyebabkan kelelahan. Simpulan: Jumlah sektor 7-9 dalam 24 jam terakhir, kehilangan waktu tidur, perubahan jadwal terbang dan kadar hemoglobin rendah meningkatkan risiko kelelahan pada pramugari sipil di Indonesia.

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Background: Fatigue among flight attendants could affect the capabilities in performing duties. The aim of this study were to investigate factors on fatigue among female flight attendant in Indonesia.

Methods: Cross-sectional study with purposive sampling was directed to female flight attendant who were taking medical examination at Balai Kesehatan Penerbangan and Garuda Sentra Medika, from April 27th-May 13th 2015. Fatigue was measured with Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS). Data were collected by completing an questionnaire on demographics, workload, sleep restriction, mental workload and fatigue.

Results: Among 521 flight attendant were taking medical examination, 373 were choosen as subject and the percentage of fatigue was 36.2%. Number of sector, sleep restriction, changed of duty schedule and hemoglobin level were the factors related to fatigue. Subject with number of sector more than six had 37% increase risk to have fatigue [adjusted relative risk(RRa)=1.37;p=0.095]. Subject with sleep restriction had 2-fold risk to have fatigue(RRa=2.07;p= 0.000). Subject with changed of duty schedule and low hemoglobin levels have 41%(RRa=1.41;p=0.011) and 33%(RRa=1.33;p=0.042) increase risk to have fatigue.

Conclusions: Number of 7-9 sectors in the last 24 hours, sleep restriction, changed of duty schedule and low hemoglobin level have increased risk of fatigue among flight attendant in Indonesia."

"Latar belakang: Kelelahan penerbang sipil termasuk pada penerbangan jarak dekat dapat mempengaruhi fungsi kognisi penerbang sehingga membahayakan keselamatan penerbangan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi faktorfaktor yang mempengaruhi kelelahan penerbang sipil pada penerbangan jarak dekat di Indonesia. Metode: Desain penelitian potong lintang dengan purposive sampling dilakukan di antara penerbang jarak dekat dengan rating Boeing 737 series yang melaksanakan pengujian kesehatan di Balai Kesehatan Penerbangan selama periode 5-26 Mei 2014. Kelelahan diukur dengan Self-Reporting Questionnaire, Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS). Data dikumpulkan dengan pengisian kuesioner oleh subyek, meliputi demografi, pekerjaan, kehilangan waktu tidur (Epworth Sleepiness Scale - ESS), faktor personal, dukungan manajemen, dan FSS. Analisis regresi linear dipakai untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor berkaitan kelelahan. Hasil: Di antara 785 penerbang yang melaksanakan pengujian kesehatan, 382 bersedia berpartisipasi, dan 239 subyek memiliki rating Boeing 737 series. Ratarata skala kelelahan adalah 4,66 (standar deviasi 1,202). Faktor-faktor dominan yang mempertinggi skala kelelahan adalah jumlah sektor 24 jam terakhir, jam terbang penugasan di luar jadwal, dan kehilangan waku tidur. Setiap penambahan 1 sektor dalam 24 jam terakhir meningkatkan 0,371 skala kelelahan [koefisien regresi (β) = 0,371; P = 0,000]. Selanjutnya setiap penambahan 1 jam terbang penugasan di luar jadwal memepertinggi 0,033 skala kelelahan (β = 0,033; P = 0,000). Sedangkan setiap penambahan 1 nilai ESS mempertinggi 0,043 skala kelelahan (β = 0,043; P = 0,008). Simpulan: Jumlah sektor 24 jam terakhir, kehilangan waktu tidur, dan jam terbang penugasan di luar jadwal mempertinggi risiko kelelahan di antara penerbang sipil pada penerbangan jarak dekat di Indonesia.

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Background: Fatigue could impair pilots’ cognitive function which may lead to accidents in short-haul flight. The aims of this study were to investigate the risk factors of short-haul commercial pilots fatigue in Indonesia.

Methods: Cross-sectional study with purposive sampling was directed to Boeing 737 series typed-rating pilots who were taking medical examination at the Civil Aviation Medical Center, Jakarta from May 5-26th 2014. Fatigue was measured with Self-Reporting Questionnaire, Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS). Data were collected by completing an anonymous questionnaire on demographics, workload, sleep restriction (Epworth Sleepiness Scale-ESS), personal factors, and managerial support. Risk factors and fatigue were analyzed using linear regression.

Results: During data collection, 785 pilots were taking medical examination, 382 pilots were willing to participate and 239 Boeing 737 series typed-rating pilots were chosen as subjects. Mean of FSS was 4.66 ± 1.202. Dominant factors of fatigue were number of sectors in 24 consecutive hours, flight times of unplanned flights in 30 consecutive days, and sleep restriction. Each additional sector correlated significantly to a 0.371 increase on the FSS [regression coefficient (β) = 0,371; p=0,000] and each additional value of ESS correlated significantly to a 0,043 on the FSS (β = 0,043; p = 0,008), while each additional flight times of unplanned flights correlated significantly to a 0,033 on the FSS (β = 0,033; p = 0,000).

Conclusions: Number of sectors in 24 consecutive hours, flight times of unplanned flights in 30 consecutive days, and sleep restriction correlated significantly to higher FSS."

"Latar belakang: Nyeri pinggang bawah (NPB) sering dialami oleh pramugari yang dapat membatasi tugas dan tanggung jawab pramugari. Tujuan penelitian ialah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan NPB pada pramugari sipil penerbangan jarak dekat dan menengah di Indonesia. Metode: Studi potong lintang dengan sampling purposif dilakukan di antara pramugari sipil penerbangan jarak dekat dan menengah yang melakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan berkala di Balai Kesehatan Penerbangan tanggal 5-26 Mei 2014. Data demografi, pekerjaan dan NPB dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner. Definisi NPB ialah nyeri anamnesis yang pernah atau masih dirasakan pada pinggang bawah 1 bulan terakhir, non-neural, tidak terkait cedera akut yang tidak berhubungan pekerjaan. Analisis regresi Cox digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor risiko yang berhubungan NPB. Hasil: Di antara 333 pramugari yang melaksanakan pengujian kesehatan, 292 orang bersedia berpartisipasi, dan 292 orang yang bersedia mengikuti penelitian, dan 245 di antaranya memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Sebanyak 37,6% pramugari menderita NPB. Faktor dominan yang mempertinggi risiko NPB ialah jam terbang dan jumlah sektor 24 jam terakhir. Pramugari dengan jam terbang 9 jam atau lebih dibandingkan dengan yang kurang dari 9 jam berisiko 84% lebih tinggi mengalami NPB [risiko relatif suaian (RRa = 1,84; p = 0,000]. Ditinjau dari jumlah sektor dalam 24 jam terakhir, pramugari dengan 4 sektor atau lebih dibandingkan yang kurang dari 4 sektor berisiko 49% lebih tinggi mengalami NPB (RRa = 1,49; p = 0,047). Simpulan: Jam terbang 24 jam terakhir selama 9 jam atau lebih dan jumlah sektor 24 jam terakhir sebanyak 4 sektor atau lebih meningkatkan risiko nyeri pinggang bawah.

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Background: Low back pain (LBP) often experienced by flight attendants could limit their duties and responsibilities. Aim of this study was to determine the correlation between flight time and other factors with LBP among short and medium haul commercial female flight attendants in Indonesia.

Methods: Cross-sectional study with purposive sampling among short and medium haul commercial female flight attendants who conducting medical examination on May 5-26th 2014 at Civil Aviation Medical Center. Demographic, job and LBP data collected using questionnaire and physical examination. Definition of LBP was historically pain that ever or still felt in lower back in the last month, non-neural, and no non-working related acute injury. Cox regression analysis used to identify risk factor associated LBP.

Results: Among 333 female flight attendants who were conducting medical examination, 292 attendants willing to participate, and 245 meet inclusion criteria. There were 37.6% flight attendants experienced LBP. The dominant factors increasing LBP risk were flight time and number of sectors in the last 24 consecutive hours. Female flight attendant with 9 hours or more flight time compared with less have 84% higher LBP risk [adjusted relative risk (RRa) = 1.84; p = 0.000]. Review from number of sectors in the last 24 consecutive hours, female flight attendant with 4 sectors or more compared with less have 49% higher LBP risk (RRa = 1.49; p = 0.047).

Conclusion: Nine hours or more flight time and 4 sectors or more in the last 24 consecutive hours have higher risk of LBP."

"Latar belakang: Pramugari harus memiliki kesehatan yang prima karena memiliki tugas utama menjaga keselamatan penumpang selama penerbangan. Anemia merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan yang sering kali mengenai wanita usia produktif dan dapat mengganggu kesehatan.Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan anemia pada pramugari penerbangan sipil di Indonesia. Metode: Metode yang digunakan adalah potong lintang dan pengambilan sampel dengan metode sampling purposif dan analisa dengan regresi cox. Kriteria anemia apabila kadar hemoglobin kurang dari 12 g/dl. Hasil: Subjek terdiri dari 185 pramugari penerbangan sipil berusia 18 ? 46 tahun yang melakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan berkala di Balai Kesehatan Penerbangan. Persentase anemia pada penelitian ini sebesar 28,1%. Faktor risiko dominan terhadap anemia pada pramugari penerbangan sipil di Indonesia adalah masa kerja > 4 tahun ? 16 tahun (RRa1,51 ;95% CI 0,96 ? 2,37; p 0,073), frekuensi makan daging lebih dari 2 kali seminggu (RR 0,57; 95% CI 0,32 ? 1,03; p 0,064), menstruasi heavyflow (RR 3,45; 95% CI 1,05 ? 3,4; p 0,000) dan jenis penerbangan panjang (RR 1,91; 95% CI 2,36 ? 5,02;p 0,034). Kesimpulan: Pramugari dengan menstruasi heavyflow dan jenis penerbangan panjang mempunyai risiko lebih besar mengalami anemia.Oleh karena itu perlu penanganan anemia lebih komprehensif pada pramugari yang melibatkan pihak regulator dan operator di Indonesia.

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Background: Flight attendants must have good health because their main task is maintaining safety of passengers during the flight. Anemia is one of the health problems that often affects reproductive women and can interfere health. This study was conducted to determine the factors associated with anemia in civilian female flight attendant in Indonesia.

Methode: The method used was cross-sectional with purposive sampling and analysis with cox regresion. Anemia criteria if hemoglobin level less than 12 g/dl.

Result: Subjects consisted of 185 civilian female flight attendants aged 18-46 years who conduct regular health checks at Balai Kesehatan Penerbangan. The percentage of anemia in this study was 28.1%. Dominant risk factor for anemia in civil female flight attendants in Indonesia are working period >4 - 16 years (RR 1.51; 95% CI 0.96- 2.37; p 0.073), frequency of eating red meat more than 2 times a week (RR 0.57; 95% CI 0.32 - 1.03; p 0.064), heavyflow menstruation (RR 3.45; 95% CI 1.05 - 3.4; p 0.000) and long haul flight (RR 1, 91; 95% CI 2.36 - 5.02; p 0.034).

Conclusion: Female flight attendant with heavyflow menstruation and long haul flight have higher risk to anemia. Need more comprehensive treatment of anemia in female flight attendant involving regulators and operators in Indonesia."

"Latar belakang: Stres kerja pada pramugari mengurangi tingkat konsentrasi dan kinerja dalam tugas terbang,serta menimbulkan gangguan fisiologis berupa gangguan siklus haid. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi stres kerja dan faktor lainnya terhadap risiko gangguan siklus haid pada pramugari. Metode: Desain potong lintang dengan sampling purposif pada pramugari usia 19-50tahun yang melaksanakan pengujian kesehatan berkala di Balai Kesehatan Penerbangan dan Garuda Sentra Medika tanggal 18-29 Mei 2015. Data untuk gangguan siklus haid dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner. Stres kerja diidentifikasi dengan National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health generic job stress questionnaire mental demands. Hasil: Di antara 521 pramugari yang melaksanakan pengujian kesehatan, tersedia 251 subyek yang terpilih. Stres kerja, jenis penerbangan long haul dan pernah merokok merupakan faktor risiko dominan yang berhubungan dengan gangguan siklus haid. Subyek dengan stres kerja berisiko 2 kali lebih tinggi mengalami gangguan siklus haid [risiko relatif suaian (RRa)= 2,03; p= 0,104]. Subyek dengan jenis penerbangan jarak jauh 1 tahun terakhir berisiko 79% mengalami gangguan siklus haid (RRa= 1,79; p= 0,041). Subyek yang pernah merokok berisiko 70% mengalami gangguan siklus haid (RRa= 1,70; p= 0,072). Kesimpulan: Pramugari penerbangan sipil dengan stres kerja, jenis penerbangan jarak jauh dalam 1 tahun dan pernah merokok, memiliki risiko lebih tinggi mengalami gangguan siklus haid.

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Background: Job stress among female flight attendants reduce level of concentration and flight duty performance, also cause physiological disorder such as menstrual cycle disorder. This study aimed to identify risk factors related to menstrual cycle disorder on female flight attendants.

Methods: A cross-sectional with purposive sampling was conducted on female flight attendants age 19-50 years who underwent periodic medical examination at Civil Aviation Medical Center and Garuda Sentra Medika on May 18-29,2015. Menstrual cycle disorder data collected with questionnaire. Job stress was identified by using National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health generic job stress questionnaire mental demands.

Results: Among 521 flight attendants, 251 subjects to analyze. Job stress,flight type and ever smoked were the risk factors related to menstrual cycle disorder. Subjects who had job stress had 2 times higher risk to menstrual cycle disorder [adjusted relative risk (RRa)= 2.03; p= 0.104]. Subject who had long haul flight had 79% higher risk to menstrual cycle disorder (RRa= 1.79; p= 0.041). Subject who ever smoke had 70% higher risk to be menstrual cycle disorder (RRa= 1.70; p= 0.072).

Conclusions: Female civilian flight attendant who had job stress, long haul flight within the last one year, and who ever smoked had higher risk to be menstrual cycle disorder."

"Latar belakang: Pilot dapat mengalami obes yang berkaitan dengan jam terbang total atau faktor risiko lainnya. Oleh karena itu, perlu diidentifikasi kaitan jam terbang total dan faktor lainnya terhadap risiko obes pada pilot sipil di Indonesia.Metode: Studi ini memakai metode potong lintang dengan sampel purposif pada pilot yang melakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan berkala di Balai Kesehatan Penerbangan tanggal 14-24 Mei 2013. Data yang dikumpulkan yaitu karakteristik demografi, pekerjaan, kebiasaan makan dan olahraga, tinggi dan berat badan serta lingkar pinggang. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan wawancara dan pemeriksaan fisik. Analisis menggunakan regresi Cox dengan waktu yang konstan. Subjek dikategorikan menjadi obes (indeks massa tubuh (IMT) 25 atau lebih untuk ras Asia, dan 30 atau lebih untuk ras Kaukasia), dan normal (IMT 18.5-22.9)Hasil: Di antara 612 pilot yang berusia 18-61 tahun, diperoleh 133 subjek obes dan 41 subjek normal. Faktor-faktor dominan yang berkaitan dengan obes adalah jam terbang total dan lingkar pinggang. Faktor kebiasaan makan makanan berlemak dan cepat saji tidak terbukti mempertinggi risiko obes. Dibandingkan subjek dengan lingkar pinggang normal, subjek dengan lingkar pinggang besar memiliki kemungkinan 77% lebih tinggi untuk obes [risiko relatif suaian (RRa) = 1,77; 95% interval kepercayaan (CI) =1,41-2,14]. Dibandingkan subjek dengan jam terbang kurang dari sama dengan 1000 jam, subjek dengan jam terbang total lebih dari 1000 jam memiliki risiko obes 33% lebih tinggi (RRa = 1,77; 95% CI = 1,11-1,59)Kesimpulan: Jam terbang total 1001-29831 dan lingkar pinggang besar mempertinggi risiko obes di antara pilot sipil di Indonesia.

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Background: Pilot may obese which is related to total flight hours and other risk factors. This study aimed to identify the relationship between total flight hours and other factors related to obese in civil pilots in Indonesia.

Methods: A cross-sectional study with purposive sampling among pilot undergoing periodic medical check up in 14-24 Mei at Aviation Medical Center (Balai Kesehatan Penerbangan). Data collected were demographic and work characteristics, eating habit, exercise habit, height, weight and waist circumference, high fat diet and fast food consumption were not found to increase the risk of obese. Subject were classified into obese (Body Mass Index = BMI) was 25 or more for Asians and 30 or more for Caucasian) and normal (BMI 18.5-22.9).

Results: A number of 612 pilots, aged 18-61 years old, 133 available for this study which consisted of 133 obese pilots and 41 normal body weight. Subjects with large waist circumference than normal waist circumference had 77% increased risk of obese [relative risk adjusted (RRa) = 1.77; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.41-2.14]. Total flight hours 1001 or more, than less 1000 hours had 33% increased risk to be obese (RRa = 1.33; 95% CI =1.11-1.59).

Conclusions: Total flight hours of 1001-29831 hours and large waist circumference increased the risk of obese in civil pilots in Indonesia."

"Latar belakang: Gangguan pendengaran sensorineural pada pilot merupakan masalah kesehatan yang dapat menyebabkan inkapasitasi pada saat pilot menjalankan tugas terbangnya dan berdampak terhadap keselamatan penerbangan. Tujuan penelitian ini mengidentifikasi jam terbang total dan faktor dominan lainnya terhadap risiko gangguan pendengaran sensorineural di antara pilot sipil di Indonesia. Metode: Desain penelitian potong lintang dengan purposive sampling pada tanggal 4-20 Mei 2015 terhadap pilot laki-laki berusia 20-60 tahun dan pilot memiliki lisensi Commercial Pilot License (CPL) atau Air Transport Pilot License (ATPL) yang sedang melakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan berkala (medex) di Balai Kesehatan Penerbangan, Jakarta. Gangguan pendengaran yaitu subyek memiliki ambang dengar 25 dB atau lebih. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara memakai kuesioner. kemudian data diambil dari rekam medis pada hari pemeriksaan. Risiko gangguan pendengaran sensorineural dianalisis menggunakan risiko relatif (RR) dengan regresi Cox. Hasil: Selama 3 minggu masa pengumpulan data terdapat 681 pilot yang melakukan medex di Balai Kesehatan Penerbangan, didapatkan 314 pilot yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian. Sebanyak 15,9% mempunyai gangguan pendengaran sensorineural. Pilot dengan jam terbang total lebih 5000 jam dibandingkan kurang 5000 jam berisiko gangguan pendengaran sensorineural 4,7 kali lipat [risiko relatif suaian (RRa)=4,73; p=0,137]. Pilot dengan usia 45-60 tahun dibandingkan usia 20-44 tahun berisiko gangguan pendengaran sensorineural 6,8 lipat (RRa=6,87; p=0,000). Simpulan: Jam terbang total 5000 jam atau lebih serta usia 45-60 tahun meningkatkan risiko gangguan pendengaran sensorineural pada pilot sipil di Indonesia.

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Background: Sensorineural hearing loss in civil pilots could interfere pilots? performance to safely operate an aircraft thus could cause incapacitation on board. This study aimed to identify risk factors of sensorineural hearing loss among civil pilots in Indonesia.

Methods: A cross-sectional study design with purposive sampling on 4-20 May 2015 was conducted on pilots of the male civilian. The inclusion criteria civilian pilots male 20-60 years old and had Commercial Pilot License (CPL) or Air Transport Pilot License (ATPL) who were taking medical examinations (medex) in Civil Aviation Medical Centre, Jakarta. Hearing impairment defined by hearing threshold of 25 dB or more. Demographic data were collected by interviewed pilots using questionnaires while audiometry and laboratory data were collected from medical records. Risk factors of sensorineural hearing loss were analyzed by Cox regression.

Results: Three weeks collecting data had 681 pilot conducted medex in Civil Aviation Medical Centre, among 314 commercial pilots were fulfilled the criteria?s. Percentage of sensorineural hearing loss from audiometry data were 15.9%. Subjects with 5000 flight hours or more had almost five times increased risk of sensorineural hearing loss compared to subjects with less than 5000 flight hours [adjusted relative risk (RRa) = 4.73; p = 0.137]. Subjects aged 45-60 year-old had almost seven times increased risk of sensorineural hearing loss compared to subjects aged 20-44 year-old (RRa= 6.87; p = 0.000).

Conclusion: Total flight hours 5000 hours or more and age of 45-60 years increased the risk of sensorineural hearing loss among civilian pilots in Indonesia."

"Latar belakang: kecenderungan depresi yang berkaitan dengan dukungan purser, rekan kerja, beban kerja mental dan masa kerja pada pramugari akan mempengaruhi kinerja dan absen kerja. Tujuan penelitian ini membuktikan pengaruh dukungan purser dan faktor lainnya terhadap kecenderungan depresi pada pramugari penerbangan sipil di Indonesia. Metode: Studi potong lintang dengan sampling purposif pada tanggal 12-28 Mei 2014 terhadap pramugari yang sedang melakukan pengujian kesehatan rutin di Balai Kesehatan Penerbangan, Jakarta. Pengambilan data dengan kuesioner Beck inventory dan NIOSH generic job stress. Kecenderungan depresi dianalisis dengan menggunakan regresi linear. Hasil: Jumlah total pramugari yang melakukan pengujian kesehatan rutin di Balai Kesehatan Penerbangan 242 orang, tetapi yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi adalah 145 orang, kecenderungan depresi dipengaruhi oleh dukungan purser, dukungan di luar pekerjaan dan beban kerja mental. Beban kerja mental terbukti meningkatkan kecenderungan depresi [koefisien regresi (β) = 0,549; p = 0,045] sedangkan dukungan purser [(β) = 0,552; p = 0,033] dan dukungan di luar pekerjaan [(β) = -1,191; p = 0,000] terbukti menurunkan kecenderungan depresi. Kesimpulan: Dukungan purser dan dukungan di luar pekerjaan menurunkan kecenderungan depresi, sedangkan beban kerja mental meningkatkan kecenderungan depresi.

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Background: Depression is associated with a tendency purser support, co-workers support, and mental workload on the flight attendants working lives will affect the performance and absence from work. The purpose of this study demonstrate the influence of other factors support the purser and the tendency of depression in civil aviation flight attendants in Indonesia.

Methods: A cross-sectional study with purposive sampling on 12-28 May 2014 at flight attendant who was doing a routine health examination in Aviation Medical Center, Jakarta. Questionnaire data retrieval Beck inventory and NIOSH generic job stress. The tendency of depression were analyzed using linear regression.

Results: The total number of flight attendants who perform routine health examination in aviation medical Center hall 242 flight attendent, but the inclusion and exclusion criteria in this study was 145 flight attendent, depression tendencies influenced by the purser support, support outside work and mental workload. Mental workload proved increase of depression (p = 0.045, β = 0.549). wheareas purser support (p = 0.033, β = 0.552) and support outside work (p = 0.000, β = -1.191) shown to reduce the tendency of depression.

Conclusion: Purser support and support outside work reduces the tendency of depression, whereas mental workload increases of depression."

"Latar belakang: Mata merupakan indera yang sangat penting dalam penerbangan. Salah satu fungsi untuk menentukan perkiraan jarak, sehingga diperlukan fungsi kedua mata yang baik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah diketahuinya identifikasi pengaruh jam terbang total terhadap risiko miopia ringan pada pilot sipil di Indonesia. Metode: Studi potong lintang dengan purposif sampel pada pilot sipil yang melakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan berkala di Balai Kesehatan Penerbangan dengan rentang waktu 27 April sampai dengan 13 Mei 2015. Definisi miopia ringan jika mata memerlukan koreksi penglihatan jauh dengan lensa < -3 dioptri. Data karakteristik demografi, pekerjaan, kebiasaan diperoleh dari kuesioner. Data tajam penglihatan dan kadar gula darah puasa didapatkan dari rekam medis Balai Kesehatan Penerbangan. Analisis menggunakan regresi Cox dengan waktu konstan. Hasil: 690 pilot sipil yang melakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan di Balai Kesehatan Penerbangan, 428 subjek bersedia menjadi responden. Subjek terpilih untuk dianalisis berjumlah 413 pilot dan 15 pilot lainnya menderita miopia berat. Dari 413 pilot, 141(34,1%) miopia ringan dan 272 (65,8%) normal. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi miopia ringan adalah ras, status perkawinan dan jam terbang total secara signifikan. Subjek dengan ras selain Asia dibandingkan dengan ras Asia berisiko 2,1 kali lipat lebih besar menderita miopia ringan [risiko relatif suaian (RRa)=2,19; p=0,030]. Dibandingkan dengan subjek tidak menikah, subjek yang menikah berisiko 3,8 kali lipat menderita miopia ringan (RRa=3,80; p=0,000). Selanjutnya, dibandingkan subjek dengan jam terbang total 16-194 jam, subjek dengan jam terbang total 195-30285 jam mempunyai risiko 4,5 kali lipat menderita miopia ringan (RRa=4,56; p=0,000). Kesimpulan: Subjek yang menikah, ras non Asia dan yang memiliki 195 atau lebih jam terbang total mempunyai risiko lebih tinggi menderita miopia ringan di Indonesia.

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Background: Eye is very important organ in aviation?s operation. One of the functions is to estimate distance where both healthy eyes are needed. The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of total flight hours on the risk of mild myopia among civilian pilots in Indonesia.

Methods: Study design was cross-sectional with purposive sampling among pilots those who got medical examinations at Civil Aviation Medical Center on April 27th - May13th, 2015. Mild myopia is condition the eyes need negatif lens corection for distance visual acuity less than -3 diopters. Demographic characteristic, occupational characteristic, ranking characteristics, and habits were obtained from questionnaire. Visual acuity and fasting blood sugar levels data were obtained from medical records in Aviation Medical Board. Data were analysed with Cox regression.

Resulted: 690 civilian Indonesia?s pilots who conducted medical examination, 428 subjects were willing to participate. Total subjects to be analyzed were 413 pilots and 15 pilots were not involved since severe myopia. Amongst of 413 pilots, 141 (34,1%) mild myopia and 272 (65,8%) normal. Factors influencing mild myopia were race, marital status and total flight hours. Non-Asian subject had 2.1-fold risk of mild myopia compared to Asian race subject [adjusted relative risk (RRa)=2.19; p=0.030]. Subjects who were married had 3.8-fold risk of mild myopia compared with subjects who were not married (RRa=3.80; p=0.000). Subjects who had total flight hours 195-30285 hours had 4.5-fold risk to be mild myopia compared with subjects 194 or less total flight hours (RRa=4.56; p=0.000).

Conclusion: Married subject, non-Asian race and those who have 195 or more total flight hours constitute a higher risk of suffering mild myopia."

"Latar belakang: Distres pada pilot dapat mengurangi tingkat kewaspadaan dan mengganggu proses pengambilan keputusan. Tujuan penelitian ini mengidentifikasi pengaruh jam terbang total dan faktor dominan lainnya terhadap risiko distres di antara pilot sipil di Indonesia.Metode: Studi potong lintang dengan sampling purposif pada tanggal 1-14 Mei 2013 terhadap pilot yang sedang melakukan pemeriksaan medik (medEx) di Balai Kesehatan Penerbangan, Jakarta. Pilot mengisi langsung dan tanpa nama data demografi dan pekerjaan, kuesioner strategi koping dan stresor di rumah. Pengukuran distres menggunakan Self Reporting Questionnaire-20 (SRQ-20) dengan titik potong 5/6, self rating dan anonymous. Risiko distres dianalisis menggunakan risiko relatif (RR) dengan regresi Cox dengan waktu konstan.Hasil: Dari 209 pilot yang berlisensi Private Pilot (PPL), Commercial Pilot (CPL) dan Air Transport Pilot (ATPL) didapatkan 13,4% berisiko distres. Pilot dengan jam terbang total 6000-12999 jam dibandingkan dengan 59-5999 jam berisiko distres 6 kali lipat [risiko relatif suaian (RRa) = 5,83; P = 0,000], sedangkan pada jam terbang total 13000-29000 berisiko distres 8 kali lipat (RRa = 8,42; P = 0,000). Pertengkaran di keluarga 2 kali lipat mempertinggi risiko distres (RRa = 2,47; P = 0,006), sedangkan penggunaan koping beragama 51% mengurangi distres (RRa = 0,49; CI = 0,97-1,06; P = 0,051).Kesimpulan: Jam terbang total 6000 jam atau lebih dan pertengkaran di keluarga mempertinggi risiko distres, sedangkan penggunaan koping beragama menurunkan distres pada pilot sipil di Indonesia.

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Background: Distress can reduce awareness and interfere of decision making. The aimed of this study to identify the effect of total flight hours to distress risk among civilian pilots in Indonesia.

Methods: Methode was used a cross sectional study with purposive sampling conducted on May 1-14, 2013 on working hours among pilots who did medical check up (MedEx) at Aviation Medical Center, Jakarta. This study use SRQ-20 with cut off point 5/6 to measure of distress, coping strategy and home stressor check list questionnaire which is a self-rating and anonymous. Data were analyzed with Cox regression with constant time.

Result: Of 209 pilots which has Private Pilot License (PPL), Commercial Pilot License (CPL), and Air Transport Pilot License (ATPL) there were 13.4% pilots had distress. Those who had total flight of 6000-12999 hours compared to 59- 5999 hours had 6-fold increased distress risk [adjusted relative risk (RRa) = 5.83; P =0.000]. Meanwhile, those who had total flight of 13000-29000 hours had 8- fold increased distress risk. Those who had family tension had 2-fold increased distress risk (RRa = 2.47; P=0.006). Meanwhile the using of religion coping could 51% decreased distres risk (RRa = 0.49; 95% CI = 0.97-1.06; P = 0.051).

Conclusion: Total flight hours on 6000 hour or more and tension in family have increased distress risk, on the other hand the using of religion coping decreased distress risk in civilian pilots."