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"[Salah satu upaya yang perlu dilakukan dalam pengelolaan ikan tuna sirip biru selatan (Southern Bluefin Tuna / SBT) yang saat ini stoknya diperkirakan 9 % dari stok awal (Spawning Stock Biomass) yaitu menjaga agar stok biomassnya kembali pulih dengan mengendalikan kegiatan penangkapannya. Ketersediaan data laju tangkap, panjang cagak dan distribusi area akan menambah informasi dalam kajian pengelolaan sumberdaya ikan SBT di Samudera Hindia. Sampel ikanSBT diperoleh dari hasil tangkapan kapal-kapal long line yang berpangkalan di Pelabuhan Umum Benoa, Bali yang diambil mulai Januari 2012 - Oktober 2014. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, kapal-kapal long line tuna Indonesia mempunyai ratarata laju tangkap dan panjang cagak SBT masing-masing sebesar 0,74±0,77 per 1000 pancing dan 154 ± 29,1 cm. Laju tangkap SBT tertinggi berada pada lokasi area CCSBT 8 (panjang cagak < 100 cm, usia < 4-6 tahun), sedangkan lajutangkap terendah pada area CCSBT 1 yang merupakan daerah spawning ground SBT dewasa (panjang cagak >155 cm, usia > 8 tahun). Kapal-kapal long line tuna Indonesia lebih banyak menangkap SBT dengan ukuran belum layak tangkap (56,88 % dari total komposisi sampel). Uji one way anova menghasilkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan dari nilai laju tangkap dan panjang cagak SBT dengan area CCSBT 1, 2 dan 8.;One of the efforts to support the management of southern blue-fin tuna (SBT) which currently estimated to be at 9% of initial SSB is to maintain the biomass stock in order to recover by controlling the fishing activities. The availability of hook rate data (number of SBT individuals per 1000 hooks) and fork length (FL) and area distribution provides additional information in the study of management SBT in the Indian Ocean. Samples of SBT were collected from long line fishing vessel based at Benoa Port, Bali taken during 2012, January – 2014, October. Based on the analysis, Indonesia long line fishing vessels had hook rate average of 0,74±0,77 per 1000 hooks and FL 154 ± 29,1 cm. The highest hook rate shown in the area of CCSBT 8 (FL less than 100 cm, at age of less than 4 – 6 years), whereas the lowest hook rate occured in the area of CCSBT 1 (FL >,155 cm, age of more than 8 years). Many of the Indonesian long line vessels caught SBT of under size size individuals or about 56,88 % of total sample. The result of one way ANOVA indicates significant difference between value of the SBT hook rate, fork length and CCSBT Area 1, 2 and 8 respectively., One of the efforts to support the management of southern blue-fin tuna(SBT) which currently estimated to be at 9% of initial SSB is to maintain thebiomass stock in order to recover by controlling the fishing activities. Theavailability of hook rate data (number of SBT individuals per 1000 hooks) andfork length (FL) and area distribution provides additional information in the studyof management SBT in the Indian Ocean. Samples of SBT were collected fromlong line fishing vessel based at Benoa Port, Bali taken during 2012, January –2014, October. Based on the analysis, Indonesia long line fishing vessels had hookrate average of 0,74±0,77 per 1000 hooks and FL 154 ± 29,1 cm. The highesthook rate shown in the area of CCSBT 8 (FL less than 100 cm, at age of less than4 – 6 years), whereas the lowest hook rate occured in the area of CCSBT 1 (FL >,155 cm, age of more than 8 years). Many of the Indonesian long line vesselscaught SBT of under size size individuals or about 56,88 % of total sample. Theresult of one way ANOVA indicates significant difference between value of theSBT hook rate, fork length and CCSBT Area 1, 2 and 8 respectively.]"

"Tesis ini membahas beberapa aspek yang mendukung upaya pengelolaan sumber daya ikan tuna sirip biru selatan (Thunnus macoyii Castelnau, 1872) yang tertangkap dari perairan Samudera Hindia dan didaratkan oleh kapal tuna longline di Pelabuhan Benoa Bali yang mencakup : sebaran panjang, hubungan panjang dan berat, faktor kondisi, panjang ikan pertama tertangkap (Lc) dan hasil tangkapan per unit upaya (CPUE). Penelitian dilaksanakan selama 7 (tujuh) bulan dari Maret - September 2011. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa fishing ground ikan SBT di perairan selatan Jawa dan Bali Samudera Hindia terjadi pada akhir musim timur sampai awal musim barat. Distribusi frekuensi ukuran panjang ikan SBT terbanyak pada fork length (FL) antara 171 - 180 cm sebanyak 139 ekor. Hubungan panjang berat yang didapatkan adalah W=0,00002FL2,5925, R2=0,8172 sehingga pola pertumbuhan ikan SBT yang di daratkan di Pelabuhan Benoa bersifat alometrik negatif. Nilai faktor kondisi (K) diperoleh fluktuasi antara 2,29 - 3,37 yang diduga karena adanya perbedaan tingkat kematangan gonad. Panjang pertama kali tertangkap (length at first capture/Lc) ikan SBT selama masa penelitian adalah berukuran 158,2 cm yang diduga ukuran tersebut telah melewati masa ikan melakukan pemijahan/recruitment. Catch per unit effort (CPUE) selama masa penelitian didapatkan cenderung mengalami fluktuasi penurunan yang diindikasikan karena pada bulan masa penelitian telah melewati masa puncak musim penangkapan ikan SBT dari perairan Samudera Hindia.

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This thesis discusses some aspects that support to management efforts for resource of southern bluefin tuna (Thunnus macoyii Castelnau, 1872) caught from the waters of the Indian Ocean and landed by tuna longline vessels in the port of Benoa Bali. The focus studies are: distribution of the length, length and weight relationship, condition factor, length at first fish capture (Lc) and the catch per unit effort (CPUE). Research carried out during 7 (seven) months from March to September 2011.

The study concluded that the SBT fishing ground in the waters south of Java and Bali Indian Ocean occurs in late winter to early summer east west. Size frequency distributions of SBT at most fork length (FL) 171-180 cm by 139 SBT. Length and weight relationship obtained is W = 0.00002 FL2,5925, R2=0.8172 so that the growth pattern of SBT is negative allometric. The value of condition factor (K) obtained fluctuation between 2.29 to 3.37 is expected because of differences in levels of gonadal maturity. The length at first capture (Lc) of SBT during the study period was 158.2 cm, this length has passed the fish to spawning/recruitment. Catch per unit effort (CPUE) obtained during the study period tended to decrease as indicated due to fluctuation in the study period has passed the peak of SBT fishing season of the Indian Ocean waters."

"Ekspor ikan tuna mengalami peningkatan pada periode lima tahun terakhir, sehingga proses penanganan ikan perlu mendapat perhatian serius. Dalam hal ini perlu dilakukan penelitian mengenai penerapan sistem jaminan mutu dan keamanan hasil perikanan tangkap Tuna (Thunnus spp.) di atas kapal dan tempat pendaratan ikan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui penerapan sistem jaminan mutu dan keamanan hasil perikanan tangkap tuna, menganalisis mutu tuna di atas kapal sampai tempat pendaratan ikan, dan menentukan alternatif pelaksanaan jaminan mutu dan keamanan hasil perikanan tangkap tuna di atas kapal dan tempat pendaratan ikan di PPN Palabuhanratu. Data diperoleh dari 19 kapal tonda dan dianalisis secara deskriptif dan dengan proses hierarki analisis (PHA). Dari penelitian ini diketahui bahwa penerapan sistem jaminan mutu dan keamanan hasil perikanan tangkap tuna di atas kapal dan tempat pendaratan ikan sudah cukup baik. Hal ini diketahui dari kondisi kelayakan dasar kapal tonda yang sudah cukup dekat dari standar namun masih perlu penyempurnaan (4≤ Y < 8) dan kelayakan dasar pada tempat pendaratan ikan menunjukkan kondisi yang cukup layak dengan nilai C (cukup). Hasil analisis deskriptif menunjukkan bahwa ikan tuna hasil tangkapan menunjukkan mutu yang baik, dengan suhu rata-rata sebesar 1,52oC (dibawah 4,4oC) dan nilai organoleptik 8,67 (di atas 7). Process (AHP) from 19 Trolling Lines.

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Based on this research, it is known that the application of quality assurance and safety of tuna fisheries on the boat and the landing sites has been good enough. It is known from the basic eligibility requirements of the trolling line have been fairly close to the standard but still need improvement (4 ≤ Y < 8) and the basic eligibility requirements of the landing sites indicate a fairly decent condition with a value of C (enough). The status of tuna caught indicated that good quality with average temperature of 1.52°C (4.4°C below) and the organoleptic value of 8.67 (above 7).

From the results of AHP, it is known that the priority to perform quality assurance and safety on tuna fisheries in the trolling line is availability of ice in the boat (20,1%), deck (15,7%), fish handling equipment in the boat (13,3%), availability of fuel (11%) and availability of fresh water in the boat (7,9%). The priority to perform quality assurance and safety on tuna fisheries in the port is fish handling equipment (32,4%), availability of ice (12,9%), floor (12,4), toilet (9,4%) and fishing port (8,1%)."

"ABSTRAKIkan merupakan bahan pangan yang cepat mengalami pembusukan (perishable food) sehingga perlu penanganan yang baik dari penanganan di atas kapal, distribusi, pengumpul, pemasaran sampai dengan pengolahan untuk mengetahui kaitan konsumsi ikan dengan kesehatan masyarakat. Spesies ini adalah salah satu tangkapan dominan yang di daratkan di Pelabuhan Perikanan Nusantara Pekalongan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui mutu dan mengevaluasi kesesuaian penanganan ikan tongkol abu-abu (Thunnus tonggol) terhadap persyaratan jaminan mutu dan keamanan hasil perikanan. Metode diperoleh dari penilaian mutu organoleptik selama proses pembongkaran. Analisa organoleptik dilakukan dengan metode sesuai dengan SNI 2346: 2011, penentuan kesesuaian standar menggunakan gap analisis sedangkan perumusan strategi menggunakan Analisa SWOT. Kesenjangan dinilai dengan membandingkan proses aktual dengan peraturan pemerintah (KEPMEN KP No.52A/KEPMENKP/2013). Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa nilai organoleptik adalah 7 dengan batasan nilai 7,32 ≤ µ ≤ 8,1. Terdapat kesenjangan sebesar 1,79 dengan tingkat kesesuaian sebesar 64,30 %. Diperoleh enam strategi pemenuhan persyaratan dengan tujuan utamayaitu ikan bermutu baik. Adapun langkah jangka pendek yang harus dilakukan untuk pencapaian strategi antara lain melakukan pembersihan lingkungan TPI higenis beserta perlengkapan & peralatan pendukungnya, menambah poster peringatan di area Pelabuhan Perikanan Nusantara Pekalongan tentang pentingnya penanganan ikan yang baik, serta sosialisasi & pendampingan penggunaan teknologi informasi yang baru pada proses pelayanan perijinan.

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ABSTRACTAs a perishable food, fishes required a proper handling from onboarding, unloading, marketing and processing. This handling closely related to the effect of fish product consumption to public health. This species is one of the dominant catch that landed at the Pekalongan Archipelagic Fishing Port (AFP). This research aims to evaluate Longtail tuna handling to ensure the standard of quality insurance and safety of fisheries product. Data was collected by organoleptic assessment of fish quality during unloading process. Organoleptic analysis was carried out using a method in accordance with SNI 2346 : 2011, determining the suitability of the standard using gap analysis while the formulation of strategies using SWOT analysis. The gap will assess by comparing the actual process and the goverment regulation (KEPMEN KP No. 52A/ KEPMENKP/2013). The result showed that the quality of longtail tuna landed in Pekalongan AFP was quite acceptable by 7 with range 7,32 ≤ µ ≤ 8,1 and total average 7,85. The suitability with the handling standard was poor by 64,30% with the gap at 1,79. There are six strategies to ensure the standard of quality and safety insurance system standards fisheries product with the main goal of good quality fish. The short-term step that must be taken to achieve the standard fulfillment strategy is to clean the hygienic fishing port environment along with its supporting equipment, adding warning posters in the Pekalongan AFP area about the importance of good fish handling, as well as socialization & mentoring for the use of new information technology in each process of licensing services."

"Tingginya permintaan pasar terhadap ikan cakalang mengakibatkan aktivitas penangkapannya dilakukan secara terus-menerus sepanjang tahun sehingga dapat mengancam kelestariannya. Tujuan penelitian yaitu mengetahui distribusi frekuensi panjang ikan cakalang secara temporal dan menganalisis tingkat selektivitas alat tangkap purse seine pelagis besar di fishing ground Samudera Hindia bagian timur. Data yang digunakan adalah data panjang cagak ikan cakalang selama Januari s/d Desember 2016 yang didaratkan di PPS Nizam Zachman Jakarta. Analisis data frekuensi panjang dilakukan dengan membandingkan sebaran individu ikan dalam bentuk histogram, dan analisis selektivitas dengan metode skoring berdasarkan komposisi hasil tangkapan, persentase hasil tangkapan layak tangkap dan membandingkan nilai Lc dan Lm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada bulan juli sampai oktober distribusi frekuensi panjang cagak cakalang terbanyak pada rentang kelas 40-45 cm dengan panjang rata-rata 43 cm atau diatas nilai Lm (42,9 cmFL). Sedangkan pada bulan november sampai juni distribusi frekuensi panjang cagak cakalang berada pada nilai dibawah nilai Lm. Panjang ikan cakalang pertama kali tertangkap (Lc) diperoleh nilai 40,83 cmFL dibawah nilai pertama kali matang gonad (Lm) sebesar 42,9 cmFL. Hasil tangkapan utama purse seine pelagis besar selama penelitian yaitu ikan cakalang 42,6% dan hasil tangkapan sampingan sebesar 57,4%. Jumlah cakalang layak tangkap sebesar 26%, sehingga berdasarkan analisis selektivitas, selektivitas alat tangkap purse seine pelagis besar di perairan Samudera Hindia bagian timur memiliki selektivitas rendah.

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The high market demand for skipjack tuna has resulted in its catching activities continuously throughout the year so can be threaten its sustainability. The objectives of this research are to know the temporal length frequency distribution of skipjack tuna and to analyze the level of selectivity of large pelagic purse seine in the Eastern Indian Ocean fishing ground. The data used were length data of skipjack tuna wich unloaded during January to December 2016 at Nizam Zachman Jakarta Fishing Port. Length frequency data analysis was done descriptively by comparing the distribution of individual fish in the form of histogram, whereas the selectivity analysis done by scoring method based on the catch composition, the capture catch percentage and compare the Lc and Lm values.

The results of this research showed that in July to October, highest distribution of the length frequency of skipjack tuna was in the 40-45 class range, with average length value was higher than Lm value of 43 cmFL and 42.9 cmFL, respectively. While from November until June, the length frequency distribution value of skipjack tuna was lower the Lm value. The skipjack tuna minimum length of caught (Lc) was lower than its minimum length of gonad mature (Lm) of 40.83 cmFL and 42.9 cmFL, respectively. The major catches of large pelagic purse seine during this research was skipjack tuna as much as 42.6%, and by-catch by 57.4%. The amount of catchable fish is 26%, so based on selectivity analysis, the selectivity of the large pelagic purse seine fishing gear in the waters of the East Indian Ocean has low selectivity."

"Salah satu aspek untuk mendukung upaya pengelolaan sumberdaya ikan adalah pengetahuan mengenai aspek biologi. Ketersediaan data aspek biologi memiliki arti penting sebagai upaya kajian pengelolaan sumber daya ikan tuna sirip kuning di Samudera Hindia. Aspek biologi reproduksi ikan tuna tuna sirip kuning merupakan permasalahan yang penting diteliti, dengan melalui pola pertumbuhan, faktor kondisi dan masa pemijahan. Sampel ikan tuna sirip kuning diperoleh dari Pelabuhan Benoa-Bali. Data panjang-berat, fekunditas dan nilai kematangan gonad diolah dengan menggunakan analisis fungsi regresi. Hasil pengamatan sampel (870 ekor) pada bulan April dan Mei 2011, panjang cagak rata-rata >130 cm dengan faktor kondisi rata-rata 1,00. Indeks kematangan gonad tertinggi 1,3 %. Ikan tuna sirip kuning di Samudera Hindia dinyatakan pernah mengalami pemijahan, namun belum siap untuk kembali melakukan pemijahan. Dari fungsi regresi menggambarkan pengaruh yang nyata dan keeratan yang tinggi (95 %) pertambahan panjang terhadap pertambahan berat ikan tuna sirip kuning di Samudera Hindia. Selanjutnya, pertambahan berat ikan tidak memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap fekunditas, sedangkan berat gonad memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap nilai kematangan gonad dengan keeratan yang tinggi (88 %).

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One aspect to support the management of fish resources is knowledge about the biological aspects. Data availability of iological aspects has significance as an effort to management study the fish resources of yellowfin tuna in the Indian Ocean. Reproductive biology aspects of yellowfin tuna is an important problem that was studied, with the pattern of growth, condition factor and spawning time. Yellowfin tuna fish samples obtained from the Benoa Fishing Port, Bali. Length-weight data, fecundity and gonad maturity value processed using regression analysis function. The results of sample observations (870 head) in April and May 2011, the average fork length >130 cm with an average condition factor of 1.00. The highest gonad maturity index was 1.3%. Yellowfin tuna in the Indian Ocean have experienced otherwise spawning, but not yet ready to return to spawning. From the regression function describes a real influence and high closeness (95%) of fish length against weight of yellowfin tuna in the Indian Ocean. Furthermore, the added fish weight does not give significant effect on fecundity, whereas gonad weight while providing a noticeable effect of the gonad maturity with a high closeness (88%)."

"Tuna mata besar merupakan komoditas ekspor. Di PPN Palabuhanratu tuna merupakan hasil tangkapan dominan. Jenis tuna yang terbanyak didaratkan adalah tuna mata besar. Untuk itu perlu dilakukan penelitian mengenai status perikanan tuna mata besar. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode sampling bertujuan. Jumlah sampel tuna mata besar sebanyak 397 ekor diambil secara acak pada armada longline yang siap melakukan bongkar. Analisis data menggunakan surplus produksi dan Model Von Bertallanfy Growth Function. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produktivitas tuna mata besar yang didaratkan di PPN Palabuhanratu mengalami kecenderungan yang meningkat. Pola pertumbuhan tuna mata besar bersifat allometrik negatif dengan bentuk tubuh kurang pipih. Tuna mata besar yang tertangkap sudah berumur sekitar 2 tahun dan sudah mengalami fase pemijahan. Tingkat pemanfaatan tuna mata besar sudah padat tangkap (82,43 %), sedangkan tingkat pengusahaan sudah lebih tangkap (104,21 %).

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Bigeye Tuna is an export commodity. Tuna is the predominant catches in PPN Palabuhanratu. Species of tuna that ever landed was a bigeye tuna. Therefore, need to do studies about the status of the bigeye tuna. Data collection is conducted by purposive sampling. The number of bigeye tuna samples are 397 taken at random on the longline fleet ready unloaded. Data analysis using the surplus production and Von Bertallanfy Growth Model funcion.

The results showed that the productivity of the bigeye tuna landed in PPN Palabuhanratu experiencing an upward trend. Bigeye tuna pattern of growth is negative allometrik with less flattened body shape. Bigeye tuna caught about 2 years old and has been through a phase of spawning. Utilization rate of bigeye tuna is already intense capture (82.43%), while the rate of operation already overfishing (104.21%)."

"[ABSTRAKDalam penelitian ini dilakukan kompilasi studi literatur kondisi oseanografi berupa suhu dan kedalaman yang sesuai dengan lokasi potensial fishing ground ikan tuna di Samudera Hindia Bagian Timur. Kompilasi studi literatur menghasilkan basis pengetahuan (knowledge based), disusun melalui analisis studi literatur dengan metode plot dan poligon untuk 4 spesies tuna (tuna mata besar, tuna madidihang, tuna albakora, dan tuna sirip biru selatan). Rancangan poligon menunjukkan bahwa tuna albakora potensial tertangkap pada kedalaman 8 - 250 m dengan suhu 16,00 - 26,36 0C, tuna madidihang 42,70 - 340,30 m dengan suhu 14,02 - 27,97 0C, tuna mata besar 48,63 - 466,51 m dengan suhu 8,79 - 29,13 0C, tuna sirip biru pada kedalaman 52 - 492 m dengan suhu 8,14 - 19,86 0C. Poligon divalidasi dengan mempergunakan data tangkapan tuna harian selama 3 hari pada lokasi berbeda berdasarkan koordinat lintang dan bujur. Data insitu suhu dan kedalaman diperoleh melalui Infrastructure Development of Space Oceanography (INDESO) dan Global Ocean Data Asimilation Experinment (GODAE) selama 1 bulan (Januari 2015). Proses interpolasi pada poligon dilakukan untuk mendapatkan kritera suhu dan kedalaman yang dipergunakan pada rancangan peta tematik 3D. Pada bagian akhir penelitian terdapat rekomendasi rancangan alur logika perancangan sistem informasi lokasi potensial fishing ground tuna untuk implementasi model 3D.

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ABSTRACTIn this research, compilation of literature studies consisting of oceanographic conditions (temperature and depth) which appropriate with potential location of tuna fishing ground in Eastern Indian Ocean had been done. These compilation then were analyzed using plot and polygon methods for 4 tuna species (bigeye tuna, yellowfin tuna, albacore tuna and southern bluefin tuna). Based on polygon method, it showed that albacore tuna were potentially caught at depth of 8 - 250 m and at temperature of 16,00 - 26,36 0C, yellowfin tuna at 42,70 - 340,30 m and 14,02 - 27,97 0C, bigeye tuna at 48,63 - 466,51 m and 8,79 - 29,13 0C, southern Bluefin tuna at 52 - 492 m and 8,14 - 19,86 0C. These polygon were validated using tuna fishing capture information for 3 days at different location based on their coordinates (latitude and longitude). In situ data on temperature and depth were obtained from the Infrastructure Development of Space Oceanography (INDESO) and the Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment (GODAE) for one month (January 2015). Interpolation process had been done to obtain temperature and depth criteria that were used in 3D thematic mapping design. At the end of the research, there is a recommendation in designing of logical flow of information system on location that were potential for tuna fishing ground using 3D model implementation., In this research, compilation of literature studies consisting of oceanographic conditions (temperature and depth) which appropriate with potential location of tuna fishing ground in Eastern Indian Ocean had been done. These compilation then were analyzed using plot and polygon methods for 4 tuna species (bigeye tuna, yellowfin tuna, albacore tuna and southern bluefin tuna). Based on polygon method, it showed that albacore tuna were potentially caught at depth of 8 - 250 m and at temperature of 16,00 - 26,36 0C, yellowfin tuna at 42,70 - 340,30 m and 14,02 - 27,97 0C, bigeye tuna at 48,63 - 466,51 m and 8,79 - 29,13 0C, southern Bluefin tuna at 52 - 492 m and 8,14 - 19,86 0C. These polygon were validated using tuna fishing capture information for 3 days at different location based on their coordinates (latitude and longitude). In situ data on temperature and depth were obtained from the Infrastructure Development of Space Oceanography (INDESO) and the Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment (GODAE) for one month (January 2015). Interpolation process had been done to obtain temperature and depth criteria that were used in 3D thematic mapping design. At the end of the research, there is a recommendation in designing of logical flow of information system on location that were potential for tuna fishing ground using 3D model implementation.]"

"Tujuan penelitian ini adalah:

1. Mengenalkan pembuatan konstruksi kapal laminasi
2. Meneliti kelebihan dari kapal ikan Tuna Long Line 60 GT dengan konstruksi kayu laminasi produk dalam negeri

Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode studi pustaka dan peninjauan lapangan sebagai bahan perbandingan."