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"[ABSTRAKAktivitas makan merupakan aktivitas dominan yang paling banyak dilakukan oleh orangutan untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan dalam upaya bertahan hidup. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui proporsi waktu makan dan proporsi waktu mencoba makan pada anak orangutan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah instantaneus focal animal sampling dan ad libitum sampling. Anak sangat antusias mempelajari kemampuan dan keterampilan untuk bertahan hidup melalui hubungan sosial dengan induknya. Sejak usia 1 tahun anak sudah mulai peering (7,67 %) hingga usia 8 tahun (65 %). Induk merupakan penyangga anak dengan lingkungannya dan panutan yang dicontoh dalam melakukan sesuatu, khususnya perilaku makan. Proporsi waktu makan anak mandiri semakin meningkat dari 0,24 % (1 tahun) hingga 55,1 % (8 tahun) akan meningkat ke arah proporsi makan induknya. Pemilihan jenis makanan dan teknik makan anak orangutan dipengaruhi oleh karakteristik jenis makanan dan teknik yang digunakan oleh induk. Teknik makan yang paling banyak digunakan yaitu teknik dengan menggunakan mulut dan teknik kombinasi yaitu gabungan antara tangan dengan kaki. Hal tersebut dikarenakan anak orangutan selalu bersama induknya dan anak memiliki keterbatasan dalam memperoleh dan mengolah jenis makanan yang sulit dikonsumsi. Toleransi induk juga berperan penting dalam proses kemandirian anaknya, melalui makan bersama pada satu pohon yang sama, transfer makanan dan memberikan makanan yang sulit didapat maupun sulit diproses ketika anak meminta darinya. Selain itu, anak orangutan juga berusaha untuk meningkatkan keterampilannya dengan mencoba mengolah (try feeding) dan terlihat ketika anak orangutan baru mulai mengonsumsi kulit kayu pada usia 4 - 5 tahun dengan tingkat kesulitan tinggi.

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ABSTRACTFeeding activity is the most dominant activity of orangutans to fulfil their needs in an effort to survive. The research aims to know the proportions of feeding time and try feeding in immature orangutans. Research method used was instantaneus focal animal sampling and ad libitum sampling. Immatures orangutan are very antusiastic about learning abilities and skills to survive through social interaction with mother. Since the age of 1 year old (7,67%) infant have started try feeding until the age of 8 years old (65%). Orangutan mother is child?s buffer with its environment ad role model, in particular the eating behavior. As dependent offsprings getting older, their feeding activity proportion increased to their mothers level from 0,24 % (1 year old) until 55,1% (8 years old). Dependent offspring rely on social interactions with their mother to acquire information about the food type, feeding behaviour, and feeding techniques. Dependent offspring always with their mother to obtain the food that is difficult to consume because mother always tolerance to help and give the food when the dependent offspring beg for food. Try feeding enhances the ability to consume bark since 4 -5 years old, bark is really difficult to get and to process., Feeding activity is the most dominant activity of orangutans to fulfil theirneeds in an effort to survive. The research aims to know the proportions offeeding time and try feeding in immature orangutans. Research method used wasinstantaneus focal animal sampling and ad libitum sampling. Immaturesorangutan are very antusiastic about learning abilities and skills to survive throughsocial interaction with mother. Since the age of 1 year old (7,67%) infant havestarted try feeding until the age of 8 years old (65%). Orangutan moter is child’sbuffer with its environment ad role model, in particular the eating behaviuor. Asdependent offsprings getting older, their feeding activity proportion increased totheir mothers level from 0,24 (1 year old) until 55,1% (8 years old). Dependentoffspring rely on social interactions with their mother to acquire informationabout the food type, feeding behaviour, and feeding techniques. Dependentoffspring always with their mother to obtain the food that is difficult to consumebecause mother always tolerance to help and give the food when the dependentoffspring beg for food. Try feeding enhances the ability to consume bark since 4 -5 years old, bark is really difficult to get and to process]"

"ABSTRAKPenelitian pengenalan sumber pakan dan perilaku bersarang orangutan borneo Pongo pygmaeus Linnaeus, 1760 golongan umur anak tanpa induk di Sekolah Hutan Tembak, Sintang Kalimantan Barat telah dilakukan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengamati pengenalan sumber pakan dan perilaku bersarang orangutan anak dalam Kandang Sosialisasi dan Sekolah Hutan Tembak. Sebanyak dua orangutan anak diamati melalui metode focal animal sampling dan ad libitum. Melalui 401 jam pengamatan, hasil penelitian yang diperoleh yaitu jenis makanan kedua orangutan anak di Kandang Sosialisasi didominasi oleh buah 76,82 , sedangkan di Sekolah Hutan Tembak didominasi oleh daun 38,32 . Perilaku bersarang kedua orangutan anak di Kandang Sosial dan Sekolah Hutan Tembak cukup baik. Kedua orangutan anak mampu membuat sarang meskipun belum sampai pada tahap penguncian sarang.

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ABSTRACTThe research of explore to food sources and nesting behaviour of orphaned juvenile bornean orangutan Pongo pygmaeus Linnaeus, 1760 at Tembak Forest School, Sintang West Kalimantan has been conducted. The study aims to observe food sources exploration and nesting behaviour of juvenile orangutan in Socialization Cages and Tembak Forest School. Two juvenile orangutans were observed through focal animal sampling and ad libitum methods. With 401 hours observation, the result showed that food sources introduction at Socialization Cages of both juvenile orangutans are dominated by fruits 76,82 while at Tembak Forest School are dominated by leaves 38,32 . The nesting behaviour both of juvenile orangutans are quite good, both of juvenile orangutans are able to make nest even though it has not reached the nest locking stage."

"Sebagai penetap, orangutan betina hampir menghabiskan seluruh waktu hidupnya pada area yang sama. Beberapa bukti dari penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa area jelajah orangutan betina stabil dari tahun ke tahun. Sebagai respon dari kelangkaan tumbuhan buah, orangutan betina mungkin dapat merubah pemanfatan ruang mereka. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi area jelajah dan ukuran pemanfaatan ruang dari orangutan betina yang dibandingkan antar periode kelimpahan dan kelangkaan buah. Secara lebih jauh faktor yang menentukan pola ketersediaan tumbuhan berbuah juga diidentifikasi dalam penelitian ini. Penelitian dilaksanakan selama 12 bulan (November 2012-Oktober 2013) di Stasiun Penelitian Tuanan Kalimantan Tengah. Metode fruit trail digunakan untuk mengestimasi kelimpahan tumbuhan berbuah dalam 9 transek dan total panjang transek sebesar 28 Km. Model interpolasi Kringing digunakan untuk mengkuantifikasi dan menentukan area yang produktif menghasilkan buah. Bulan November diidentifikasi sebagai masa puncak kelimpahan tumbuhan berbuah sedangkan bulan terendah terjadi di Juni. Perbandingan kelimpahan tumbuhan berbuah pada tingkat spesies dianalisis dengan uji Kruskall-Walis menunjukkan 10 spesies yang mendominasi tumbuhan berbuah. Akar kamunda (Leuchoplaos callicarpus) adalah spesies dengan kelimpahan tertinggi. Area yang produktif menghasilkan buah yang dihasilkan dari uji interpolasi Kriging menunjukkan korelasi dengan kelimpahan tumbuhan berbuah. Hasil ini mengindikasikan bahwa wilayah yang produktif berubah dari waktu ke waktu dan dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor spasial dan temporal. Berdasarkan model analisis regresi berganda, kelimpahan tumbuhan berbuah dipengaruhi oleh kedalaman gambut, jarak dari sungai dan curah hujan. Model terbaik yang dihasilkan dari analisis tersebut adalah y = -2, 39 + (0,24) curah hujan + (-0,12) jarak dari sungai + (-0,38) kedalaman gambut. Tetapi koefisien determinasi dari model ini hanya sebesar 21%, yang menunjukkan bahwa masih banyak faktor yang memengaruhi variasi kelimpahan tumbuhan berbuah. Metode focal animal sampling digunakan untuk menentukan pemanfaatan ruang pada orangutan betina. Sampling dilakukan pada empat betina yang paling terhabituasi di area ini. Pemanfaatan ruang dari keempat betina tersebut menunjukkan bahwa area yang dihuni sebesar 302,99 Ha atau 24,25% dari luas area penelitian. Luas daerah jelajah dari masing-masing betina tersebut bervariasi dari 91,9 ha hingga 185,17 Ha. Ukuran jelajah terkecil berasal dari betina tertua (Jinak) sementara daerah jelajah terluas adalah betina termuda (Juni). Analisis dengan uji Kruskal-Wallis menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan ukuran daerah jelajah dari masing-masing individu. Perbandingan ukuran daerah jelajah antar periode kelimpahan tumbuhan berbuah tidak berbeda signifikan. Sedangkan perbandingan area jelajah yang tumpang tindih diantara individu antar periode kelimpahan tumbuhan berbuah menunjukkan bahwa area tumpang tindih akan menurun pada periode kelangkaan buah begitu juga sebaliknya. Hasil ini mengindikasikan bahwa respon orangutan betina terhadap fluktuasi kelimpahan tumbuhan berbuah terjadi pada perubahan daerah tumpang tindih untuk mengurangi kompetisi.

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As the resident, female orangutan spent their entirely lifetime in the same area. Some evidence from previously research has showed the ranging of female orangutan is stable over the years. As the response of fruit scarcity, the female orangutan may changed their space utilization. The aim of this study is to identify the ranging area and size of female orangutan compared between fruit abundance and fruit scarcity periods. Furthermore the factor that determine of fruiting trees availability pattern also identified by this research.

Research was conducted over 12 months (November 2012- October 2013) at Tuanan Research Station Central Kalimantan. Fruit trail method was used to estimates the abundance of fruiting trees within 9 transects and 28 Km total transect lenght. Kriging interpolation model was used to quantification and determine of productive area. November was identified as the peak of fruiting trees abundance while June is lowest month. The fruiting trees abundance comparison within species by Kruskall-Wallis test showed 10 species that dominated the fruiting trees. Akar kamunda (Leuchoplaos callicarpus) is the species with highest abundance. The fruit productive area was resulted by Kriging interpolation model showed correlation with fruiting abundance.

This result indicated that fruit productive area was changed over time and influenced by some spatial and temporal factor. Based on the multiple regression analysis models, the fruiting trees abundance is influenced by peat depth, distance from river and rainfall rate. The best models resulted by multiple regression is combination between three those factor with model y = -2, 39 + (0,24) rain fall + (-0,12) distance from river + (-0,38) peat depth. But with coefficient determination of this models 21%, its showed there are many other factor influenced variation of fruiting trees abundance. The focal animal sampling method was used to determine the space utilization of female orangutan. The sampling from four most habituated female in his area. The space utilization of those female showed that 302,99 ha area was occupied or 24,25% of study area. The ranging size of those female is vary from 91,9 to 185,17 ha. The lowest ranging size is from oldest female (Jinak) while the highest ranging size is from youngest female (Juni).

Analysis with Kruskall-wallis test showed no significant difference of ranging size within individual. The comparison of ranging size between fruit availability period also showed no significant difference. The comparison of overlapping areas within individual between two fruit availability periods showed that the overlapping area will decrease in the fruit scarcity period and vice versa. This result indicated as the response for fluctuation of fruit availability, the female orangutan will changing the overlapping area for reduce their competition."

"ABSTRAKProgram Makanan Tambahan Anak Sekolah ( PMT AS ) adalah suatu gerakan nasional yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan ketahanan fisik siswa sekolah dasar baik negeri maupun swasta melalui perbaikan gizi dan kesehatan sehingga dapat mendorong minat dan kemampuan belajar anak untuk meningkatkan prestasi belajar dalam rangka menunj ang tercapainya Program Wajib Belajar Pendidikan Dasar Sembilan Tahun.Gerakan nasional ini mempunyai sasaran seluruh siswa sekolah dasar baik negeri maupun swasta yang berada di desa tertinggal atau di desa-desa yang ditetapkan pemerintah. Diharapkan masyarakat bisa memahami, mendukung dan berperan aktif dalam program ini sehingga di kemudian hari program ini menjadi mandiri dan berkelanjutan dan diselenggarakan oleh orang tua dan masyarakat sendiri. Program Makanan Tambahan Anak Sekolah dimulai pada tahun anggaran 1997/1998 yang pelaksanaannya dimotori oleh beberapa sektor terkait, yaitu : sektor Perencanaan Daerah, Pembangunan Masyarakat Desa, Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, Kesehatan, Pertanian , Agama , dan Tim Penggerak PICK.Di Kabupaten DT II Sukabumi, penyelenggaraan PMT AS ini telah ditindak lanjuti dengan diterbitkannya Surat Keputusan Bupati Kepala Daerah Tingkat II Sukabumi Nomor 444.3183 -- PMD197 tertanggal 22 April 1997 Tentang Pembentukan Forum Koordinasi PMT AS Tingkat Kabupaten DT II Sukabumi, yang secara teknis operasional koordinasi ini dijalankan oleh Sekertariat Forum Koordinasi PMT AS Tingkat Kabupaten DT Q Sukabumi.Penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif, yaitu dengan menganalisis koordinasi dari Sekertariat Forum Koordinasi PMT AS Kabupaten DT II Sukabumi baik dari komponen input maupun prosesnya. Data diperoleh dengan wawancara mendalam terhadap para informan yang terdiri dari seiuruh personil sekertariat forum dengan validasi melalui informan Bari tim tingkat kecamatan.Dari penelitian ini terungkap kurang effektifnya koordinasi di dalam sekertariat forum. Mengingat koordinasi dan sektor-sektor terkait dalam wadah Sekertariat Forum Koordinasi tersebut belum mencapai koordinasi yang efektif untuk memperoleh hasil guna dan daya guna yang maksimal maka disarankan agar dilakukan penyempurnaan langkah-langkah operasional oleh sekertariat forum baik dari faktor input maupun prosesnya serta pengawasan yang lebih cermat terhadap indikator-indikatornya. Demikian juga perlu ditindak lanjuti dengan kebijakan-kebijakan dari pemerintah daerah melalui pimpinan sektor-sektor terkait agar koordinasi yang telah terjalin bisa lebih efektif Iagi, yaitu dengan meningkatkan kontribusi masing-masing sektor, meningkatkan peran serta masyarakat sehingga pads akhirnya secara bertahap PMT AS bisa dilaksanakan secara mandiri.

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ABSTRACT

Coordination analysis about implementation of Supplementary Feeding Program for Elementary Students ( PMT-AS ) by The Secretariat of Coordination Forum of Supplementary Feeding Program for Elementary Students at Sukabumi regency on 1997/1998.Supplementary Feeding Program for Elementary Students is a nation wide movement to increase a stamina of elementary students by nutrition and health improvement to achieve a students performance and supporting a successfull of 9 Years Compulsory Education Program.

Main objective of this national movement is not only a government elementary school but also a nongovernment elementary school students which are generally located at the secluded villages.This program hoped that the community will be understand, give a support and participated to make this program can be operate by themselves continously.

Suplementary Feeding Program for Elementary Students have already started on 1997/1998 in which operated by intersector activity with the coordination of local government.

In order to solve this program at Sukabumi regency has issued a Decision Letter of Sukabumi's Regent No. 444.3/83-PMD/97 about forming The Coordination Forum of Supplementary Feeding Program for Elementary Students of Sukabumi ( Forum Koordinasi PMT AS Kabupaten Sukabumi ), in which the technical operation cared by A Secretariat of The Coordination Forum.

This research try to give an expression of less effective of coordination in the forum looking at from input, process and some indicators. This study is a qualitative one, and discribe the coordination aspects of The Secretariat of Coordination Forum of Supplementary Feeding Program in Sukabumi regency. Data were collected from interviews with informans are the person of the secretariat of the forum and some from subdistrict team. They were, then analyzed by analyzing the study result and compare it with the theories of the references.

This condition resulting an adviced that forum should be perfecting an operational activity not only an input but also a process and give a special attention for controlling the indicators of a process. And the local government of Sukabumi should give some policies to give more stressing for better coordination among the forum."

"One way to improve the success of exclusive breastfeeding promotion is to understand the factors that directly of indirectly influence a mother's decision to initiate complementary feeding, as well as their interaction. The present study employed the use of a newly developed qualitative dietary survey-Food Choice Map method-to investigate those factors for 40 mothers with infants aged 4 - 6 months old residing in Pondok Labu sub-district of South Jakarta, Indonesia, regarding the `military' and 'civilian' communities. K -Means Cluster Analysis was used to create relatively homogenous groups based on demography and socioeconomy characteristics using variables such as mother's age, child's age and sex, study groups, ownership of house, phone, and motorcycle. Nearly all infants (97%) received complementary feeding before the age of 4 months old with "to calm child" as the most common reason why mothers initiated the feeding. Most infants were given banana as their first food as the "social circle suggested" or because it is "commonly used food." Another large percentage received instant baby food due to "its practicality." The findings suggest factors such as socioeconomy and demography-as described by the cluster characteristics-whom mothers were dependent on, feeding experience, and self-confidence influenced mother's decision in initiating complementary feeding. Furthermore, they interact with one another that their existence of affecting mothers' behavior is the result of not only one factor. It is recommended to establish breastfeeding support groups for the mothers, as well as to greaten encouragement from the social circle and medical professionals to motivate mothers and increase their self-confidence to breastfeed the infants."

"Orangutan Asia's great ape has relatively solitary style, which prevents a mother for associating with two offspring. Since lactation is the most obvious uniquely maternal service, weaning is often seen as the essential transition to the ability to survive. However, the mother serves multiple functions: in addition to nutrition, she provides transportation, shelter (against elements), and protection (against conspecifics and predators), and demonstrates numerous skills that the offspring can learn, including knowledge of food species (diet competence), foraging techniques (foraging competence), and efficient use of the range (ranging competence). The offspring eventually has to reach independence in all these aspects, but does not necessarily do so at the same time for all of them (van Noordwijk and van Schaik, 2005). This study of two wild adolescence female orangutans (Kondor, 9.5 years old and Milo, 7.5 years old) and their mother (Kerry with 31 year old second offspring and Mindy with 24 year old second offspring) was conducted at secondary forest the Tuanan Research Station, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. To describe their development of independence, data on their activity budget, nesting behavior, ranging strategies and social interaction (distance intensity with mother, feeding tolerance, and reproduction behavior) were collected during two periods (December 2006 to May 2007 and September 2008 to September 2009). The behavior of a study animal was recorded using the instantaneous focal-animal sampling technique and ad libitum for social interaction, while vertical methods for nesting behavior, and GIS Arc View 3.3 for Day Journey Length (DHL) also minimum convex polygon (MCP) for home range size. The proportion of time spent in moving and social are higher with adolescence females comparing their mother. The intensity of the distance affects the process of nest building. It showed by the differences in the duration of nest building and position of the nest. The day journey length and home ranges of adolescence females are longer and larger compared with their own mother. However, the overlapping still high (85-89%) and made them tend to spent feeding tolerance often and longer with their own mother than other orangutans. Larger home ranges lead the offspring having interaction with other orangutans, especially with males. Sexual interactions (attempt copulation, intromission and force copulation) between adolescence female orangutans more frequent happened with unflanged males compared with flanged males."

"MPASI merupakan sumber nutrisi utama bagi balita, khususnya bayi yang berusia 6-24 bulan. Pemberian MPASI yang tepat memiliki peran krusial dalam mempertahankan status nutrisi anak. Namun, masih banyak ibu yang belum mengetahui tentang tata cara pemberian MPASI yang tepat. Pengetahuan ibu mengenai pemberian MPASI dipengaruhi oleh berbagai macam faktor, salah satunya adalah faktor sosiodemografi. Oleh sebab itu, dalam penelitian ini akan dianalisis hubungan antara faktor sosiodemografi dengan tingkat pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku ibu tentang MPASI. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross-sectional dengan data primer yang diperoleh melalui kuesioner dan data sekunder dari penelitian utama berjudul ?Longitudinal study on the effect of multiple micro-nutrient supplementation on haemoglobin level of 8 to 22 month old Indonesian children.? Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 86 subjek (64,7%) memiliki tingkat pengetahuan tentang MPASI yang baik, 71 subjek (53,4%) memiliki sikap pemberian MPASI yang positif, dan 68 subjek (51,1%) memiliki perilaku pemberian MPASI yang kurang baik. Karakteristik ibu berdasarkan sebaran sosiodemografi adalah sebagai berikut: 58 subjek (43,6%) berusia di atas 30 tahun; 81 subjek (60,9%) memiliki tingkat pendidikan menengah; 117 subjek (88%) tidak bekerja/Ibu Rumah Tangga (IRT); 88 subjek (66,2%) memiliki status ekonomi di atas garis kemiskinan; dan 99 subjek (73,4%) memiliki bentuk keluarga inti. Dari uji hipotesis Chi-square, diperoleh bahwa terdapat hubungan yang bermakna secara statistik antara tingkat pendidikan dengan pengetahuan ibu tentang MPASI (p=0,02). Namun, tidak ditemukan hubungan yang bermakna secara statistika antara faktor sosiodemografi lainnya dengan pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku ibu tentang MPASI.

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Complementary feeding is the main nutrients supply for kids, especially in children aged 6 to 24 months. Correct provision of complementary feeding has crucial role in maintaining child nutritional status. However, there are lots of mothers with inadequate knowledge about complementary feeding. Mother's knowledge regarding complementary feeding is affected by various factors, such as sosiodemographic factors. Therefore, this study was determined to analyze the association between sociodemographic factors and the level of mother's knowledge, attitude, and behaviour regarding complementary feeding.

This study is a cross-sectional study, using primary data from questionnaire and secondary data from a primary research entitled ?Longitudinal study on the effect of multiple micro-nutrient supplementation on haemoglobin level of 8 to 22 month old Indonesian children.?

This study shows that 86 subjects (64,7%) had good knowledge about complementary feeding, 71 subjects (53,4%) had positive attitude regarding complementary feeding, and 68 subjects (51,1%) had mediocre behaviour regarding complementary feeding. Characteristics of subjects by sociodemographic factors were as follows: 58 subjects (43,6%) aged above 30 years old; 81 subjects (60,9%) had intermediate level of education; 117 subjects (88%) were housewifes; 88 subjects (66,2%) had economical status below poverty line; dan 99 subjetcs (73,4%) were classified as nuclear family.

Through Chi-Square test: there was significant association between mother's education and the knowlegde about complementary feeding (p=0,02). On the other hand, there were no significant association between any other sociodemographic factors and the level of mother's knowledge, attitude, and behaviour regarding complementary feeding."

"Makanan Pedamping Air Susu Ibu (MP-ASI) merupakan hal penting untuk diberikan pada bayi usia 6 bulan demi tercapainya tumbuh -kembang yang optimal. Pemberian MP-ASI yang tidak tepat waktu sesuai dengan usia bayi menjadi ixmpath al bahwa Ibu telah gagal memberikan ASI eksklusif. Hal tersebut dapat dipengaruhi karena kurangnya informasi yang Ibu dapatkan mengenai risiko dari pemberian MP-ASI dini. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan Ibu tentang Makanan Pendamping ASI (MPASI) dini dengan ketepatan waktu dalam pemberian MP-ASI di Desa Karangraharja, Cikarang Utara. Metode yang digunakan ialah cross sectional dengan ixmpath consecutive sampling. Penelitian ini melibatkan 107 responden Ibu sebagai sampel. Kuesioner yang digunakan mengukur tingkat pengetahuan tentang MP-ASI dini dan ketepatan waktu dalam pemberian MP-ASI. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan mayoritas Ibu memiliki pengetahuan yang baik mengenai MP-ASI dini (60,7%) dan memberikan MP-ASI tepat waktu pada (71%). Hasil uji chi square didapatkan adanya hubungan tingkat pengetahuan Ibu tentang MP-ASI dini dengan ketepatan waktu dalam pemberian MP-ASI di Desa Karangraharja (pValue <0,05). Hasil penelitian ini merekomendasikan untuk tetap meningkatkan pelayanan keperawatan dan kesehatan di berbagai wilayah.

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Complementary foods are important things to be given to babies aged 6 months in order to achieve optimal growth and development. The provision of complementary foods that is not timely according to the baby’s age is an indicator that the mother has failed to give exclusive breastfeeding. This can be influenced due to the lack of information that mothers get about the risks of giving early complementary foods. The aim of this study was to determine the relation between the mother’s level of knowledge about complementary feeding and the timeliness of giving complementary foods in Karangraharja Village, North Cikarang. The method used is cross sectional with consecutive sampling technique. This study involved 107 mothers as samples. The questionnaire used to measure the level of knowledge about early complementary feeding and timeliness in giving complementary foods. The results showed that the majority of mothers had good knowledge of early complementary foods with a percentage of 60.7% and gave complementary foods on time to their babies with a percentage of 71%. The conclusion obtained that there is relation between the mother’s level of knowledge about early CF with timeliness in giving complementary feeding in Karangraharja Village (pValue <0,05). The results of this study recommend to continue to improve nursing and health services in various regions"

"Pemberian ASI eksklusif di Indonesia masih jauh yang diharapkan, padahal program pemberian ASI eksklusif telah dicanangkan sejak tahun 1990. Prevalensi pemberian ASI secara eksklusif menurut SDKI 1991 sebesar 52,5% dan SDKI 1994 47,3%. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa belum tercapainya pemberian ASI ekeklusif pada bayi masih merupakan masalah bagi ibu-ibu menyusui dan perlu mendapat perhatian khusus.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pekerjaan ibu dengan kelangsungan pemberian ASI saja meliputi, seluruk wilayah/provinsi Indonesia terhadap ibu pernah kawin usia 15-35 tahun yang mempunyai anak usia kurang dari satu tahun, baik masih menyusui maupun sudah berhenti memberikan ASI kepada anaknya.Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah Cross Sectional, dan cara pengambilan sampelnya dilakukan dengan metode multi stage random sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 3543 ibu yang mempunyai anak usia kurang dari satu tahun. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa prevalensi ibu yang memberikan ASI saja sampai 4 bulan (eksklusif) sebeser 77% dan median 6,07 bulan, selain itu didapat ada 63% ibu bekerja memberikan ASI secara eksklusif. Persentase ini lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan ibu yang tidak bekerja.Hasil uji bivariat menunjukkan hubungan bermakna aatara status pekerjaan ibu, penolong persalinan, keterpaparan oleh media elektronik dan keaktifan ibu dalam kegiatan sosial dengan kelangsungan pemberian ASI saja.Dari hasil uji analisis multivariat, terdapat tiga variabel yang berhubungan bermakna dengan kelangsungan pemberian ASI saja, yaitu status pekerjaan, keterpaparan oleh media elektronik, dan penolong persalinan. Kelompok ibu yang bekerja mempunyai risiko 1,16 kali lebih cepat untuk berhenti memberikan ASI saja daripada kelompok ibu yang tidak bekerja setelah dikontrol variabel keterpaparan oleh media elektronik dan penolong persalinan.Mengingat masih rendahnya pemberian ASI eksklusif dan semakin meningkatnya wanita usia reproduksi yang ikut berpartisipasi dalam kelompok angkatan kerja, maka perlu adanya dukungan dari tempat kerja agar pemberian ASI eksklusif tetap terlaksana yaitu dengan melakukan pengaturan cuti, adanya kelonggaran untuk memberikan ASI di tempat kerja, tersedianya ruangan untuk menyusui dan tersedianya fasilitas untuk tempat penyimpanan ASI dalam dot/botol, serta membudayakan pemberian ASI eksklusif pada tiap-tiap tempat kerja.

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The Relationship between Mothers Job and Only Breast-Feeding Continuity on Children 0-11 MonthsExclusive breast-feeding is still far expected in Indonesia, where as the breast-feeding from has been announced since 1990. The amount of exclusive breast-feeding prevalence according to SDKI 1991 was 52, 5% and SDKI 1994 was 47,3%. It means that we haven't reached the target in giving milk to the baby and it is a problem for suckling mother and needs a certain attention.The objective of this investigation is to know the relationship between the mother's job and breast-feeding continuity throughout Indonesian provinces or areas on married woman which are 15-35 years old with their children less than one year, either still suckling or stop suckling to their children.The investigation design which was used cross sectional, and the method of taking samples was done with method of multistage random sampling with the amount of samples are 3543 suckling mothers which have children less than one year. This investigation result concludes that the mother prevalence which gives only exclusive breast-feeding is 77% and median is 6.07 months, besides there is 63% worked mother exclusive breast-feeding. This percentage is less than unworked mother.Bivariate test result showed there was significant relationship between the mother job status, birth helper, electronic media involvement and mother activity in social activity with the only breast-feeding continuity. From the result of multivariate analysis test showed that there were three significant variables which have relationship with the only breast-feeding continuity, namely job status, electronic media involvement, and birth helper. The worked mother group has a risk 1, 16 times faster to stop giving only breast feeding than unworked mother after being controlled involvement variable by electronic media and birth helper.Because exclusive breast-feeding is still low and the reproductive women who are working rising, so we need support from worked place to suggest giving only breast-feeding for their children, namely by managing furlough, allowance for breast-feeding in worked place, the room for suckling available, the facility to store breast milk in nipple of bottle available, and promote exclusive breast-feeding in any worked place."