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"[Skripsi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perlakuan akuntansi atas aset biologis berupa HTI akasia pada PT INHUTANI III, memperbandingkannya dengan pedoman pelaporan keuangan yang digunakan perusahaan yaitu DOLAPKEU-PHP2H, mengetahui kualitas informasi aset biologis HTI akasia pada laporan keuangan perusahaan, dan memperbandingkan perlakuan akuntansi HTI akasia di perusahaan tersebut dengan IAS 41. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kualitas informasi atas aset biologis HTI akasia pada perusahaan dapat diperbandingkan, cukup dapat dipahami, objektif, walaupun belum sempurna. Ada perbedaan perlakuan akuntansi HTI akasia antara perusahaan dan IAS 41. Dampak penerapan IAS 41 diantaranya yaitu perubahan yang signifikan pada laporan keuangan, besarnya biaya yang dikeluarkan, dan kurang terpenuhinya aspek comparability pada laporan keuangan. Jika diadopsi, DSAK harus memberi penjelasan lebih terperinci. ;This thesis aims to determine the accounting treatment for biological assets on acacia industrial timber plantation in PT INHUTANI III, to compare it with the financial reporting guidelines used by the company that is DOLAPKEU-PHP2H, to determine the quality of information on the acacia industrial timber plantation and to compare between the company's accounting treatment and accounting treatment based on IAS 41. The results showed that the quality of information on acacia industrial timber plantation in the company are comparable, understandable enough, objective, but not perfect. There are differences between the accounting treatment of acacia industrial timber plantation in the company and IAS 41. The impacts of the application of IAS 41 in PT INHUTANI III are the significant changes to the financial statements, the expensive costs, and lack of comparability of financial statements. If adopted, DSAK should give more detailed explanations.;This thesis aims to determine the accounting treatment for biological assets on acacia industrial timber plantation in PT INHUTANI III, to compare it with the financial reporting guidelines used by the company that is DOLAPKEU-PHP2H, to determine the quality of information on the acacia industrial timber plantation and to compare between the company's accounting treatment and accounting treatment based on IAS 41. The results showed that the quality of information on acacia industrial timber plantation in the company are comparable, understandable enough, objective, but not perfect. There are differences between the accounting treatment of acacia industrial timber plantation in the company and IAS 41. The impacts of the application of IAS 41 in PT INHUTANI III are the significant changes to the financial statements, the expensive costs, and lack of comparability of financial statements. If adopted, DSAK should give more detailed explanations., This thesis aims to determine the accounting treatment for biological assets on acacia industrial timber plantation in PT INHUTANI III, to compare it with the financial reporting guidelines used by the company that is DOLAPKEU-PHP2H, to determine the quality of information on the acacia industrial timber plantation and to compare between the company's accounting treatment and accounting treatment based on IAS 41. The results showed that the quality of information on acacia industrial timber plantation in the company are comparable, understandable enough, objective, but not perfect. There are differences between the accounting treatment of acacia industrial timber plantation in the company and IAS 41. The impacts of the application of IAS 41 in PT INHUTANI III are the significant changes to the financial statements, the expensive costs, and lack of comparability of financial statements. If adopted, DSAK should give more detailed explanations.]"

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh transparansi terhadap agresivitas pajak (CETR, LCETR dan PBTD) serta pengaruh transparansi sebagai variabel moderasi antara penghindaran pajak dan nilai perusahaan (Tobin?s Q). Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 79 perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia selama tahun 2011-2014, dengan total observasi 266 firms-years dengan pengujian data panel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada perusahaan yang transparan, kenaikan agresivitas pajak perusahaan akan meningkatkan nilai perusahaan tersebut secara jangka pendek, signifikan pada level 5%. Namun secara jangka panjang, pada perusahaan yang transparan, kenaikan agresivitas pajak perusahaan akan menurunkan nilai perusahaan tersebut secara signifikan.

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The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of transparency on Tax Agressiveness (CETR, LCETR and PBTD) and its effect as moderating variable between Tax Avoidance and firm value (Tobin?s Q). The sample of this study consists of 79 manufacture firms that listed for period of 2011-2014, with 266 firms-years total observation using panel data. The empirical results of this study show that in transparent firm, tax aggressiveness has positif effect to increase firm value annually. However, in the long term, tax aggressiveness will decrease firm's value, in transparent company."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kepentingan investor asing terhadap penghindaran pajak. Kepentingan investor asing diukur melalui tiga aspek yakni persentase kepemilikan saham oleh investor asing, kepemilikan saham substansial oleh investor asing, persentase direktur asing dan komisaris asing yang duduk dalam dewan direksi dan dewan komisaris.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian empiris dengan menggunakan metode data panel. Perusahaan yang dijadikan sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 56 perusahaan yang terdaftar di BEI selama periode 2011 hingga 2015. Pengukuran tax avoidance menggunakan empat metode yakni Accounting ETR CTA 1, Long term cash ETR CTA 2, Tax Expense to Operating Cash Flow CTA 3, dan Cash Tax Paid to Operating Cash Flow CTA 4. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, persentase kepemilikan saham oleh investor asing berpengaruh positif secara signifikan terhadap penghindaran pajak pada metode CTA 2 dan CTA 4 sedangkan metode lainnya tidak berpengaruh signifikan, kepemilikan substansial saham oleh investor asing memiliki pengaruh negatif terhadap penghindaran pajak pada metode CTA 1 sedangkan metode lainnya tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap penghindaran pajak, dan persentase direktur asing dan komisaris asing yang duduk dalam dewan direksi dan dewan komisaris memiliki pengaruh positif yang signifikan terhadap penghindaran pajak pada metode CTA 1 dan CTA 2 tetapi tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan pada metode lainnya. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut, ketiga variabel independen tidak secara konsisten menunjukkan pengaruhnya terhadap penghindaran pajak. Oleh karena itu, Kepentingan investor asing tidak berpengaruh terhadap penghindaran pajak.

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This research aims to determine the effect of foreign investor interest on tax avoidance. The interests of foreign investors are measured by three aspects, there are the percentage of share ownership by foreign investors, substantial shareholdings by foreign investors, the percentage of foreign directors and foreign commissioners on the board of directors and the board of commissioner. This research is empirical research with using panel data method. The companies sampled in this research are 56 companies listed in the IDX during the period 2011 to 2015. Tax avoidance measurements use four methods Accounting ETR CTA 1, Long term cash ETR CTA 2, Tax Expense to Operating Cash Flow CTA 3, and Cash Tax Paid to Operating Cash Flow CTA 4.

Based on the result of research, the percentage of share ownership by foreign investor has a significant positive effect on tax avoidance on CTA 2 and CTA 4 method while the other method has no significant effect, the substantial ownership of shares by foreign investors has a negative effect on tax avoidance on CTA 1 method while other methods has no significant effect on tax avoidance, and the percentage of foreign directors and foreign commissioners on the board of directors and board of commissioners has a significant positive effect on tax avoidance on CTA 1 and CTA 2 methods but has no significant influence on other methods. Based on the results of the study, the three independent variables do not consistently show the effect on tax avoidance. Therefore, the interest of foreign investors has no effect on tax avoidance."

"Di masa pandemi COVID-19, sebagian besar perusahaan di sektor industri manufaktur mengalami penurunan omzet penjualan dan kesulitan keuangan akibat pembatasan sosial, terganggunya rantai pasok global, dan penurunan permintaan. Untuk meningkatkan aktivitas perekonomian dan membantu perusahaan yang terdampak pandemi COVID-19, pemerintah telah menerapkan kebijakan insentif perpajakan bagi perusahaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan hubungan profitabilitas dan likuiditas terhadap agresivitas pajak antara sebelum pandemi COVID-19 dengan saat pandemi COVID-19. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode regresi linear berganda dengan data sekunder, yakni data laporan keuangan perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) selama tahun 2016 hingga tahun 2020. Penentuan sampel penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode purposive sampling dan memperoleh sampel sebanyak 78 (tujuh puluh delapan) perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di BEI berdasarkan kriteria tertentu. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa (1) terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara hubungan profitabilitas dan agresivitas pajak di periode sebelum dan sesudah pandemi COVID-19 pada perusahaan industri terdaftar di BEI; dan (2) tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara hubungan likuiditas dan agresivitas pajak di periode sebelum dan sesudah pandemi COVID-19 pada perusahaan industri terdaftar di BEI.

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During the COVID-19 pandemic, most companies in the manufacturing industry sector experienced a drastic decline in sales turnover and financial difficulties because of social restrictions, disruption of global supply chains, and decreased demand. To increase economic activity and help companies affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, the government has implemented a tax incentive policy for companies. This study aims to analyze the differences in the relationship between profitability and liquidity on tax aggressiveness before the COVID-19 pandemic and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research method used in this study is a multiple linear regression with secondary data, which is data on the financial statements of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during 2016 to 2020. The research samples are chosen using the purposive sampling method and obtained a sample of 78 (seventy eight) manufacturing companies listed on the IDX based on certain criteria. The results of the study show that (1) there is a significant difference between the relationship between profitability and tax aggressiveness in the period before and after the COVID-19 pandemic in industrial companies listed on the IDX; and (2) there is no significant difference between the relationship between liquidity and tax aggressiveness in the period before and after the COVID-19 pandemic in industrial companies listed on the IDX."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis apakah perusahaan yang melakukan transaksi derivatif keuangan memiliki tingkat penghindaran pajak yang lebih tinggi dan apakah nilai wajar derivatif keuangan mempengaruhi penghindaran pajak. Penelitian ini menggunakan data laporan keuangan perusahaan non keuangan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia BEI tahun 2011 - 2016. Dalam penelitian ini, penghindaran pajak diukur dengan tiga ukuran effective tax rate ETR, yaitu rasio beban pajak penghasilan, rasio beban pajak kini dan rasio arus kas pajak tunai yang disajikan dalam laporan arus kas.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tidak terbukti perusahaan yang melakukan transaksi derivatif keuangan memiliki tingkat penghindaran pajak yang lebih tinggi daripada perusahaan yang tidak melakukan transaksi derivatif keuangan. Hasil penelitian ini juga membuktikan bahwa semakin tinggi nilai wajar derivatif keuangan maka tingkat penghindaran pajak akan semakin meningkat.

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The purpose of this study is to analyze whether companies engaged in financial derivative transactions have higher tax avoidance levels and whether the fair value of financial derivatives affects the levels of tax avoidance. This study uses financial statements of non financial companies listed in the Indonesian Stock Exchange Market BEI in 2011 2016. In this study, the tax avoidance is measured by three measurements of effective tax rate ETR, namely the ratio of income tax expense, current tax expense and cash tax which is presented in the statement of cash flow.

The results of this study indicate that it is not proven that companies engaged in financial derivative transactions have higher tax avoidance levels than companies that do not engage in financial derivative transactions. The results of this study also prove that the higher the fair value of financial derivatives, the higher the tax avoidance levels are."

"Penelitian ini menguji kualitas informasi manajemen, melalui tiga proksinya, yaitu earnings announcement speed, internal control, dan no error restatement, terhadap praktik penghindaran pajak dan risiko pajak. Penelitian ini memasukkan variabel pemoderasi, yaitu persebaran geografis dan ketidakpastian. Penelitian ini menggunakan data panel dengan 102 perusahaan industri manufaktur yang tercatat di Bursa Efek Indonesia, dengan periode penelitian 2010-2014 (487 firm-year). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kualitas informasi manajemen, yang diproksikan dengan internal control dan no error restatement, berpengaruh positif terhadap praktik penghindaran pajak dan berpengaruh negatif terhadap risiko pajak. Lebih lanjut, pengaruh positif kualitas informasi manajemen terhadap penghindaran pajak lebih terlihat pada perusahaan dengan geografis yang tersebar. Namun, pengaruh positif tersebut tidak terlihat pada perusahaan yang berada dalam kondisi ketidakpastian.

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This research tests the impact management information quality, through its proxies, which are earnings announcement speed, internal control, and no error restatement, on tax avoidance and tax risk. This research includes moderating variables: geographical dispersion and uncertainty.This research uses panel data with 102 listed companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange, with research period 2010-2014 (487firm-year). The results indicate that management information quality, which is proxied by internal control and no error restatement,have positive effect on tax avoidance practice and negative effect on tax risk. Moreover, positive impact of management information quality on tax avoidance is stronger for firms with geographically dispersed. Nevertheless, that positive impact is not visible for firms operating in uncertain environment."

"Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh pembayaran dividen dan pembelian kembali saham beredar terhadap preferensi investor institusi dan investor individu ditinjau berdasarkan aspek perpajakan. Penelitian ini juga menganalisis dugaan adanya perbedaan kepemilikan individu sebelum dan sesudah penurunan tarif pajak dividen untuk investor individu di tahun 2009.Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah permodelan regresi dan uji beda. Permodelan regresi dilakukan untuk melihat pengaruh pembayaran dividen dan stock repurchases terhadap preferensi dari kepemilikan institusional dan kepemilikan individual. Uji beda dilakukan untuk melihat adanya perbedaan kepemilikan individual terkait adanya penurunan pajak di tahun 2009.Pada penelitian ini ditemukan investor institusi lebih menyukai stock repurchases karena diuntungkan dari segi perpajakan. Namun investor individu lebih menyukai pembayaran dividen walaupun dari segi perpajakan kurang diuntungkan. Ditemukan juga adanya kenaikan pada kepemilikan individual setelah tarif pajak diturunkan.

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This study examines the effects of dividends and stock repurchases on preferences of institutional investors and individual investors reviewed based on tax aspect. This study also analyzes the alleged differences of individual ownership before and after the decrease in dividend tax rates for individual investors in 2009.

The method used in this study are modeling regression and different t-test. Regression modeling is done to see the effect of dividend payments and stock repurchases on the preferences of institutional ownership and individual ownership. Different test is done to see any differences related to the existence of individual dividend tax reduction in 2009.

This study finds that institutional investors prefer stock repurchases since benefited in terms of taxation. But individual investors prefer dividend payments although in terms of taxation, it is not beneficial for them. This study also finds an increase in individual ownership after the tax rate is lowered."

"Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk menguji pengaruh penghindaran pajak terhadap biaya utang pada perusahaan sektor manufaktur yang terdaftar di BEI tahun 2011 - 2015. Proksi penghindaran pajak diukur dengan menggunakan diskresi akrual, sementara proksi biaya utang diukur sebagai nilai biaya utang dibagi dengan nilai rata-rata utang jangka pendek dan jangka panjang. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah fixed effect model dan diolah dengan program Eviews 8. Dalam penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa terdapat hubungan positif signifikan antara penghindaran pajak dan biaya utang.

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This research aims to examine the impact of tax avoidance on cost of debt of manufacturing firms listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange for the Year 2011 - 2015.The proxy of tax avoidance is measured by discretionary accruals, while cost of debt is measured by total interest expense scaled by average of short and long term debt. This research uses fixed effect method and was processed using Eviews 8. The result shows that there is a significant positive relationship between tax avoidance and cost of debt."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan menguji pengaruh konsentrasi kepemilikan terhadap penghindaran pajak perusahaan. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia pada sektor manufaktur selama periode 2010 ndash; 2015 sebanyak 636 sampel. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi kepemilikan pada perusahaan manufaktur yang menjadi sampel penelitian memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap penghindaran pajak perusahaan yang diukur dengan tarif pajak efektif, book-tax difference, dan diskresi perbedaan permanen.

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ABSTRACTThis study is aimed to examine the effect of ownership concentration on firms rsquo tax avoidance. Using the panel data of 636 total sample from the listed manufacture firms on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from year 2010 to 2015, this study finds the evidence that firms with higher level of ownership concetration impacts the level of tax avoidance positively which measured with effective tax rate, book tax difference, and discretionary permanent difference."

"Di era globalisasi ini persaingan bisnis semakin ketat. Tiap perusahaan akan berusaha sebaik mungkin untuk tetap bertahan dalam bisnis. Agar tetap bisa bertahan (survive) tiap perusahaan memiliki strategi bisnis yang berbeda. Oleh karena itu penulis ingin mengetahui apakah strategi bisnis perusahaan seperti yang dijelaskan dalam tipologi Miles dan Snow (1978), mempengaruhi tingkat/kadar penghindaran pajaknya. Kesimpulannya, tidak terdapat perbedaan besarnya aktivitas dalam menghindari pajak, baik itu menggunakan strategi bisnis yang fokus kepada minimalisasi biaya maupun strategi bisnis yang fokus kepada inovasi produk. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa penentuan dalam penerapan strategi bisnis untuk menggunakan pola yang jelas antara strategi bisnis yang fokus pada biaya dan strategi bisnis yang fokus pada inovasi produk masih belum konsisten, sehingga tidak bisa dilihat dengan jelas perbedaan aktivitas dalam menghindari pajak.

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In this globalization era, business competition is getting tougher. Each company will do the best to survive in business world. In order to survive, each company has different business strategies. Therefore, the authors wanted to find out whether the company's business strategy as described in the typology of Miles and Snow (1978), affects the degree/level of tax avoidance. In conclusion, there are no significant differences of tax avoidance activity; whether it uses a business strategy that focuses on cost minimization or business strategies that focus on product innovation. This indicates that the determination of the application of business strategy in using a clear pattern between business strategy that focused on cost and business strategies that focus on product innovation is still not mconsistent, hence differences in tax avoidance activities can not be seen clearly."