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"[ABSTRAKbrPenelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh tipe diskresi akuntansi yangdilakukan manajemen bank atas LLP terhadap kedisiplinan risiko perbankan diASEAN. Pada pendekatan ex-ante market discipline, bank akan disiplin terhadaprisiko dengan menyesuaikan leverage. Risiko sebenarnya dari aset pinjamanadalah nilai NPL, sehingga setelah dianalisis melalui pengujian statistik terhadapsampel bank yang terdaftar di pasar modal di ASEAN, penulis menyimpulkanbahwa tipe forward-NPL akan menyebabkan kedisiplinan risiko bank meningkat.Akan tetapi, perilaku manajemen yang menggunakan tujuan income smoothingdalam menentukan nilai LLP, menyebabkan informasi risiko yang disajikan banktidak relevan. Oleh karena itu, tipe smoothing menyebabkan kedisiplinan risikobank menurun.;This research will analyze the effect of accounting discretion type that isdone by the management on LLP to the discipline of bank risk-taking in ASEAN.Using ex-ante approach, a bank will discipline itself in the face of an increase ofrisk by decreasing the leverage. . The real risk level of a loan is actually shown onthe amount of future non-performing loan (NPL), so, after analyzing the sample ofbanks listing in ASEAN countries’ stock market, the writer concluded that theforward-NPL type will cause the discipine of bank risk-taking better. . In contrast,the untrue information that prepared by the management will deteriorate theeffectiveness of market discipline, if they use income smoothing to book theamount of LLP, so that the smoothing type will cause the discipline of bank risktakingworse., This research will analyze the effect of accounting discretion type that isdone by the management on LLP to the discipline of bank risk-taking in ASEAN.Using ex-ante approach, a bank will discipline itself in the face of an increase ofrisk by decreasing the leverage. . The real risk level of a loan is actually shown onthe amount of future non-performing loan (NPL), so, after analyzing the sample ofbanks listing in ASEAN countries’ stock market, the writer concluded that theforward-NPL type will cause the discipine of bank risk-taking better. . In contrast,the untrue information that prepared by the management will deteriorate theeffectiveness of market discipline, if they use income smoothing to book theamount of LLP, so that the smoothing type will cause the discipline of bank risktakingworse.]"

"Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis prosiklikalitas loan loss provision di perbankan ASEAN 5 (Indonesia Malaysia Singapura Thailand dan Filipina) dan faktor faktor yang diduga dapat menguranginya konsentrasi kepemilikan tersebar perlindungan pemegang saham minoritas dan efektivitas pengawasan oleh regulator bank sentral atau pengawas perbankan berwenang di suatu negara dan non regulator investor lembaga penjamin simpanan akuntan publik. Penelitian ini menggunakan unbalanced panel data 74 bank konvensional terdaftar di ASEAN 5 selama periode 2009 2014 dengan total observasi 430. Diolah dengan generalized method of moments GMM estimator. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya prosiklikalitas loan loss provision di perbankan ASEAN 5. Perlindungan pemegang saham minoritas dan pengawasan bank oleh non regulator terbukti mampu mengurangi prosiklikalitas loan loss provision tersebut. Sedangkan konsentrasi kepemilikan saham yang tersebar dan pengawasan bank oleh regulator tidak mengindikasikan hal yang sama Kemungkinan penyebab hasil yang tidak signifikan tersebut adalah adanya pengendali akhir dan ketidakstabilan lingkungan politik hukum di suatu negara.

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This research aims to analyze procyclicality of loan loss provision in ASEAN 5 banks and factors that may reduce it dispersed ownership concentration minority shareholders protection and supervisory effectiveness by official supervisor central bank or country banking supervisory board and private monitoring investor deposit insurer certified external auditor. This research used unbalanced panel data of 74 listed banks in Indonesia Malaysia Thailand Singapore and Philippines over the period 2009 2014 with 430 observations in total. Run with generalized method of moments GMM estimator minority shareholders protection and private monitoring show significant effect in reducing procyclicality. This research do not find evidence for the view that dispersed ownership concentration and greater power of official supervisor reduce procyclicality. These insignificant results may be explained by the existence of ultimate beneficial owner and absence of sound political and regulatory environment."

"Laporan Magang ini menganalisis tentang prosedur audit yang dilakukan KAP KML terhadap Bank RRR dan perlakuan akuntansi dari Cadangan Kerugian Penurunan Nilai Kredit pada Bank RRR. KAP KML melakukan prosedur audit mengacu pada Pedoman Audit KAP KML yang diadopsi dari ISA sebagai standar audit yang berlaku. Hasil temuan audit menunjukkan bahwa Bank RRR kelebihan mencadangkan CKPN individu dan kurang mencadangkan CKPN kolektif. Namun, kedua temuan tersebut dianggap tidak material sehingga tidak dilakukan penyesuaian. Secara umum, prosedur audit yang dilakukan KAP KML telah sesuai dengan standar audit yang berlaku dan CKPN telah disajikan secara wajar dalam semua hal yang material.

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This internship report analyzes the audit procedure performed by KAP KML for Bank RRR and the accounting treatment for Loan Loss Provision at Bank RRR. Audit procedures were performed based on KAP KML Audit Guideline, which is adopted from ISA as the applicable auditing standards. The audit findings show that Loan Loss Provision for individual assessment is overprovision. Meanwhile for collective assessment, it is underprovision. However, since the amount of the findings are considered to be immaterial, no audit adjustments were needed. In general, audit procedures performed were in comformity with the applicable auditing standards, and Loan Loss Provision were presented fairly in all material aspects."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meginvestigasi efek tarif pajak efektif (ETR) terhadap loan loss provision dengan menggunakan sampel 44 bank yang terdaftar di bursa efek di 5 Negara Asia Tenggara pada tahun 2008-2015. Ditemukan bahwa ETR secara positif dan signifikan berhubungan dengan loan loss ptovision. Beberapa negara mengijinkan loan loss provision yang belum terealisasi sebagai pengurang penghasilan kena pajak dan terdapat beberapa negara yang tidak pengijinkan pengurangan tersebut sama sekali. Penelitian ini juga menenumukan besarnya loan loss provision dipengaruhi oleh pendapatan sebelum dikurangi loan loss provision dan pajak.

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This study aims to investigate the effect of ETR (Effective Tax Rate) on loan loss provision by using 44 listed banks in 5 Southeast Asia countries from 2008 to 2015. We found that ETR is positive and significant related to LLP. Some countries allow general loan loss provision to be tax deductible, restrict tax deductibility to loan loss provision for specific loan or not allow provisions to be deductible at all. We also found that extent to which Loan Loss Provision is affected by earning before loan loss provision and taxes."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh hipotesis income smoothing dengan menggunakan Penyisihan Penghapusan Aktiva Produktif PPAP . Dengan menggunakan sampel 35 bank konvensional di negara-negara ASEAN 5 selama periode 2001-2015, penelitian ini tidak menemukan bukti kuat terhadap perilaku income smoothing dengan PPAP. Selain itu, praktik income smoothing dengan PPAP oleh bank cenderung tidak terpengaruh oleh peraturan minimum bank, periode resesi dan profitabilitas bank. Ketiadaan pengaruh tersebut dapat dikarenakan penetapan standar PPAP yang lebih konservatif, dimana ASEAN telah mengadopsi ketentuan PPAP yang lebih ketat dan manajemen risiko yang lebih kuat, sehingga hal ini tidak memberikan celah bagi manajer untuk melakukan praktik income smoothing dengan PPAP.

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This study aims to examine the effect of income smoothing hypothesis using loan loss provisions. Using a sample of 35 conventional banks in ASEAN 5 countries during the period 2001 2015, this study found no strong evidence of income smoothing behavior using loan loan provisions. In addition, the practice of income smoothing with loan loss provosions by banks is less likely to be affected by minimum bank regulation, recession period and bank profitability. The absence of these effects could be due to the establiment of more conservative loan loss provision standards, which ASEAN has adopted stricter provisioning requirements and stronger risk management, so this does not provide a gap for managers to do income smoothing using loan loss provisions."

"[Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui manajemen risiko pada Bank bank Umum yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia BEI pada tahun 2010-2014 dengan memperhatikan faktor risiko dan profitabilitas bank Data yang digunakan merupakan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari PDEB FEUI Sampel yang digunakan berjumlah 29 bank umum Penelitian ini menggunakan metode panel regression Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Delta Non Performing Asset DNPA ukuran bank SIZE Delta Loan DLOAN Delta Gross Domestic Product DGDP dan Loan Loss Allowance ALW memiliki pengaruh signifikan positif terhadap Loan Loss provision LLP Sedangkan untuk Delta Unemployment DUNEMP tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan pada Loan Loss provision LLP Kata kunci Loan Loss provision Delta Non Performing Asset Size Delta Loan Delta Gross Domestic Product Delta Unemployment Allowance.

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This study aims to determine risk management at commercial banks listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange IDX in 2010-2014 focused to risk factor and Bank profitability The secondary data was taken from PDEB FEUI the sample were 29 banks which listed in IDX This study uses panel regression The results showed that Delta Non Performing Asset DNPA Size Delta Loan DLOAN Delta Gross Domestic Product DGDP and Loan Loss Allowance ALW has a positive significant influence on the Loan Loss Provision LLP While the Delta Unemployment has no significant influence on Loan Loss Provision LLP., This study aims to determine risk management at commercial banks listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange IDX in 2010 2014 focused to risk factor and Bank profitability The secondary data was taken from PDEB FEUI the sample were 29 banks which listed in IDX This study uses panel regression The results showed that Delta Non Performing Asset DNPA Size Delta Loan DLOAN Delta Gross Domestic Product DGDP and Loan Loss Allowance ALW has a positive significant influence on the Loan Loss Provision LLP While the Delta Unemployment has no significant influence on Loan Loss Provision LLP ]"

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji faktor-faktor kuantitatif dan kualitatif pada laporan keuangan bank terhadap cadangan kerugian penurunan nilai di Asia Tenggara. Penelitian ini mencakup sampel sejumlah 112 bank konvensional di Indonesia selama periode observasi 2016 sampai dengan 2020. Peneliti menggunakan loan loss provision sebagai variabel dependen atau regresi, serta kredit bermasalah, interest income, laba bersih, loan and advances, dan pertumbuhan produk domestik bruto sebagai variabel independen atau variabel regresor. Variabel moderating yang digunakan adalah manajemen risiko. Penelitian ini menyarankan bahwa kredit bermasalah, interest income, dan laba bersih dapat dikatakan sebagai determinan yang signifikan dari loan loss provision. Variabel moderating CRM memperkuat hubungan antara variabel independen dan variabel dependen.

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This study aims to examine quantitative and qualitative factors on financial bank statements on loan loss provision in Southeast Asia. This study includes a sample of 112 conventional banks during the 2016 to 2020 observation period. This research using the loan loss provision as the dependent variable and non-performing loans, interest income, net income, loans and advances, and gross domestic product growth as independent variables. The moderating variable used is credit risk management. This study suggests that non-performing loans, interest income, and net income can be said to be significant determinants of loan loss provisions. CRM moderating variables strengthen the relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable."

"ABSTRAKTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui korelasi antara tingkatkesehatan bank umum syariah dengan CKPN. Cadangan Kerugian PenurunanNilai (CKPN) adalah penyisihan dari pembiayaan (aktiva produktif) yangdilakukan oleh bank. Penerapan kebijakan CKPN sebagai salah satu cara yangdiharapkan oleh pemerintah untuk membantu pihak bank untuk terhindar dariresiko kredit. Bank yang menjadi sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah bankkonvensional yang memiliki anak perusahaan bank umum syariah yaitu BankMega, Bank Bukopin, Bank Victoria, Bank Maybank, dan Bank Panin. Hasilpenelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan antarasebelum dan sesudah penerapan CKPN di Bank Syariah.

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ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between bankingHealth measurement of sharia banks with Loan Loss Provision (LLP). LLP isthe allowance of financing (earning assets) made by bank. LLP policy isimplemented as a way expected by the government to help banks avoidingcredit risk. Banks, which were used as the samples in this study, wereconventional banks in which each has Sharia Banks as their subsidiaries asfollows Bank Mega, Bank Bukopin, Bank Victoria, Bank Maybank and BankPanin. The result of this study indicates that there is no significant differenceon the levels of Banking Health on those bank between before and afterimplementation of LLP."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat penggunaan Penyisihan Penghapusan Aktiva Produktif (PPAP) yang digunakan para manajer bank untuk melakukan perataan laba pada bank syariah di Indonesia pada periode 2008-2014. Hal ini dilakukan karena literatur-literatur mengenai perilaku penggunaan PPAP sebagai perataan laba pada bank syariah di berbagai negara hasilnya masih memiliki kecenderungan yang berbeda-beda.Dengan menggunakan model regresi panel fixed effects, peneliti berhasil menemukan terdapat hubungan positif yang signifikan diantara PPAP dengan laba sebelum pajak dan cadangan yang merupakan proksi dari perataan laba (income smoothing) meskipun bank juga terbukti telah melakukan proses pencadangan yang baik melalui PPAP.

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This research aims to see whether Islamic Bank use loan loss provision (LLP) for income smoothing in Indonesia using data from 2008 to 2014. The research is inspired by the mixed results about the utilization of LLP on Islamic Bank in many countries around the world.

Using random effects model, researcher finds that there is a significant positive relationship between LLP and earnings before tax and provision (EBTP) which used for the proxy of managerial income smoothing. Additional finding is that the non-performing loan (NPL) is significant affecting the LLP. Showing that one of the main function of LLP to mitigate credit risk is proven."

"ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis dampak penerapan CKPN kredit terhadap rasio profitabilitas bank. Penelitian ini menggunakan delapan bank yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Penelitian dilakukan dengan membandingkan besarnya nilai penyisihan kerugian kredit berdasarkan PPAP dengan CKPN (restatement PSAK 50 dan 55 revisi 2006) tahun 2009. Kemudian menghitung rasio profitabilitas bank dari dua penyisihan kerugian kredit yang berbeda cara perhitungannya. Terakhir, menganalisis trend nilai PPAP kredit, CKPN kredit, total kredit, dan ROA pada tahun 2005-2015. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terjadi dampak yang bervariasi pada perubahan nilai penyisihan kerugian kredit dan profitabilitas bank setelah menerapkan perhitungan CKPN. Bank OCBC NISP merupakan bank yang terkena dampak penerapan CKPN, karena kenaikan penyisihan kerugian kredit setelah menerapkan CKPN, membuat rasio-rasio profitabilitasnya menurun. Pada periode 2005-2009, trend PPAP dan trend total kredit menunjukkan peningkatan, namun trend ROA tidak stabil. Pada periode 2009-2015, secara keseluruhan trend CKPN kredit, total kredit, dan ROA bank tidak menunjukkan adanya hubungan.

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ABSTRACT

The objective of this research is to analyze the implementation of loan loss provision (CKPN) on bank profitability ratios. This research uses eight banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The research conducted by comparing the amount of loan loss provision on PPAP and CKPN (based on SFAS 50 and 55 revised 2006) of 2009. After that, the research compares the ratios of banks profitability from two different loan loss provision methods. Then, analyzing the trend of PPAP, CKPN, total loans, and ROA during 2005-2015. The results show variation on the changes of loan loss provision and bank profitability, after applying CKPN. Bank OCBC NISP affected by the implementation of CKPN, which makes their profitability decreased. In 2005-2009, the trend of PPAP and total loans equally increase, except for ROA. In 2009-2015, the trend of CKPN, total loans, and ROA show no association."