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"Beberapa penelitian telah menemukan kaitan antara regulasi emosi dan executive function (EF), namun masih terdapat inkonsistensi terkait komponen EF mana yang dapat memprediksi regulasi emosi pada anak prasekolah. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat bagaimana peran komponen cool dan hot dari EF, beserta dengan jenis kelamin, dalam memprediksi regulasi emosi pada anak prasekolah usia 5-6 tahun. Sebanyak 84 anak diuji dengan sejumlah tes cool EF, hot EF, dan regulasi emosi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hot EF dan jenis kelamin, namun tidak dengan cool EF, dapat memprediksi kemampuan regulasi emosi berdasarkan performa langsung dari anak. Sebaliknya, tidak ditemukan adanya kaitan di antara cool EF, hot EF, maupun jenis kelamin, dengan kemampuan regulasi emosi berdasarkan laporan orang tua. Adanya temuan terkait kontribusi hot EF dalam memprediksi performa regulasi emosi, dapat menjadi pertimbangan dalam memberikan intervensi regulasi emosi berbasis hot EF pada anak prasekolah, dengan mempertimbangkan jenis kelamin.

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A number of studies had found the relation between emotion regulation and executive function (EF), but there are still some inconsistencies regarding which components of EF that have the ability to predict emotion regulation in preschoolers. The current study investigated the contribution of cool EF, hot EF, and sex, in predicting emotion regulation in preschoolers 5- to 6-year-olds. 84 preschoolers were assessed using cool EF, hot EF, and emotion regulation tasks.

The results revealed that hot EF and sex, but not cool EF, were able to predict preschoolers’ emotion regulation performance. Meanwhile, it was also found that cool EF, hot EF, and sex did not have any relation with emotion regulation based on parent-reports. These findings suggest that hot EF intervention can be given to those preschoolers claimed to have less optimal emotion regulation."

"Beberapa penelitian telah menemukan adanya hubungan antara kompetensi social dan executive function, namun masih terdapat inkonsistensi hubungan antara komponenkomponen di dalamnya. Penelitian ini betujuan untuk mengeksplorasi kontribusi dari komponen hot dan cool dalam executive function, dan factor jenis kelamin dalam memprediksi kompetensi sosial pada anak usia 60-72 bulan. Pengukuran kompetensi sosial dilakukan melalui kuesioner PKBS SKala A yang telah diadaptasi dalam bahasa Indonesia. Pengukuran executive function dilakukan melalui tes performa pada battery task Backward Word Span, Rumput/Matahari, Dimension Change Card Sort, dan Gift Delay. Metode statistik inferensial yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah independent sample t-test, dan standard multiple regression. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa baik faktor jenis kelamin, maupun komponen hot dan cool executive function tidak dapat memprediksi kompetensi sosial pada anak usia 60-72 bulan secara signifikan. Meskipun begitu, dalam penelitian ini ditemukan korelasi yang signifikan antara komponen hot executive function dengan faktor jenis kelamin dan kompetensi sosial pada anak usia 60-72 bulan.

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Few researches had found correlation between social competence and executive function, though there had also been inconsistency in between. This research was conducted to investigate the contribution of hot and cool executive function, and factor of sex in predicting social competence on 60-72 months children. Social competence was measured using PKBS Skala A which consisted of 34 items.

Executive function was measured using performance battery test which consisted of Backward Word Span, Rumput/Matahari, Dimension Change Card Sort, and Gift Delay task. Inferential statistic method used in this research were independent sample t-test, and standard multiple regression.

The result showed that there was no significant contribution of sex, hot and cool executive function in predicting social competence on 60-72 months children. However the result also showed that there was a significant correlation between hot executive function and sex, and between hot executive function and social competence on 60-72 months children."

"Regulasi diri merupakan keterampilan yang penting untuk dimiliki oleh anak usia prasekolah. Walaupun sejumlah penelitian membuktikan bahwa regulasi diri anak dapat diprediksi oleh parenting self-efficacy melalui peran mediasi oleh faktor-faktor yang melekat pada orang tua, namun apakah hubungan keduanya diperantarai oleh faktor-faktor yang dimiliki anak masih belum diketahui. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat peran salah satu faktor kognitif anak, yaitu executive function, sebagai mediator hubungan antara parenting self-efficacy dan regulasi diri anak. Sebanyak 441 orangtua yang memiliki anak usia 48 hingga 72 bulan tanpa riwayat masalah perkembangan maupun psikologis mengikuti penelitian ini. Adapun alat ukur yang digunakan, yaitu Me as a Parent (MaaP) untuk mengukur parenting self-efficacy, Childhood Executive Functioning Inventory (CHEXI) untuk mengukur masalah executive function anak yang dipersepsikan orangtua, dan Self-Regulation Questionnaire (SRQ) untuk mengukur regulasi diri anak yang juga dipersepsikan oleh orangtua. Analisis PROCESS Hayes menunjukkan hasil bahwa executive function anak secara partial memediasi hubungan antara parenting self-efficacy dan regulasi diri anak usia 48 hingga 72 bulan. Hasil penelitian ini mengimplikasikan bahwa upaya untuk meningkatkan parenting self-efficacy dan executive function anak penting untuk dilakukan agar regulasi diri anak dapat berkembang secara optimal.

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Self-regulation is an important skill for preschoolers to have. Although a number of studies have proven that children's self-regulation can be predicted by parenting self-efficacy through the mediation role of factors attached to parents, whether the relationship between the two is mediated by factors owned by children is still unknown. This study aims to look at the role of one of the children's cognitive factors, namely executive function, as a mediator of the relationship between parenting self-efficacy and children's self-regulation. A total of 441 parents of children aged 48 to 72 months without a history of developmental or psychological problems participated in this study. The measurement tools used are Me as a Parent (MaaP) to measure parenting self-efficacy, the Childhood Executive Functioning Inventory (CHEXI) to measure children's executive function problems perceived by parents, and the Self-Regulation Questionnaire (SRQ) to measure self-regulation. children who are also perceived by parents. Hayes' PROCESS analysis showed that children's executive function partially mediates the relationship between parenting self-efficacy and self-regulation in children aged 48 to 72 months. The results of this study imply that efforts to increase parenting self-efficacy and executive function of children are important so that children's self-regulation can develop optimally."

"Anak usia prasekolah rentan mengalami permasalahan regulasi emosi yang berdampak pada aspek psiko-sosial dan akademik, baik pada saat ini maupun usia mendatang. Regulasi emosi anak terbukti berhubungan dengan regulasi emosi ibu dan sosialisasi emosi juga terbukti mampu berperan sebagai mediator dalam hubungan ini. Penelitian ini ingin mengetahui peran sosialisasi emosi sebagai mediator dalam hubungan antara regulasi emosi ibu dan anak usia prasekolah. Penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain korelasional ini melibatkan 205 ibu dari anak usia prasekolah (3-6 tahun) sebagai partisipan. Hasil analisis mediasi menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat direct effect yang signifikan antara regulasi emosi ibu dan anak usia prasekolah dan tidak terdapat indirect effect yang signifikan melalui sosialisasi emosi secara supportive, tetapi terdapat indirect effect yang ditemukan signifikan melalui sosialisasi emosi secara unsupportive dalam memediasi hubungan antara regulasi emosi ibu dan anak usia prasekolah. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa regulasi emosi ibu tidak dapat berhubungan secara langsung dengan regulasi emosi anak usia prasekolah, tetapi harus melewati sosialisasi emosi secara unsupportive terlebih dahulu untuk berhubungan dengan regulasi emosi anak usia prasekolah.

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Preschool-aged children are vulnerable to emotional regulation problems that have an impact on psycho-social and academic aspects, both now and in the future. Children's emotional regulation has been shown to be related to maternal emotion regulation and emotional socialization has also been shown to be able to act as a mediator in this relationship. The current study examined the role of emotion socialization as a mediator of the relations between maternal emotional regulation and emotion regulation of preschool-aged children. This quantitative study with a correlational design involved 205 mothers of preschool children (3-6 years old) as participants.

Results of the mediation analysis revealed that there was no significant direct effect between the maternal emotion regulation and preschool-aged children was not significant, and there was no significant indirect effect through supportive emotional socialization, whereas there was significant indirect effect through unsupportive emotional socialization in mediating the relationship between maternal emotion regulation and preschool-aged children. Therefore, it can be concluded that maternal emotional regulation cannot be directly related to emotional regulation of preschool-aged children, but must pass through unsupportive emotional socialization first to correlate with emotional regulation of preschool-aged children."

"Hubungan orang tua dan anak tercermin dalam kualitas attachment merupakan hal yang penting bagi aspek perkembangan anak di masa depan. Anak yang memiliki kualitas attachment berbeda, antara lain secure, avoidant dan ambivalent attachment, memiliki cara berbeda ketika menghadapi lingkungan karena proses mental yang bekerja dalam pikiran mereka berbeda. Proses mental tersebut dilatarbelakangi oleh executive function EF, proses neurokognitif yang memfasilitasi anak dalam mengatur perilaku untuk menyelesaikan masalah yang terbagi menjadi dua domain, cool EF dan hot EF. Penelitian sebelumnya membuktikan bahwa kualitas attachment memprediksi kemampuan EF anak. Meski demikian, masih ditemukan ketidakkonsistenan temuan terkait domain EF yang terprediksi oleh kualitas attachment anak yang berbeda. Selain itu, figur ayah membuktikan kontribusinya pada aspek perkembangan anak, termasuk kemampuan EF anak. Namun, sejauh pengetahuan peneliti, penelitian mengenai kualitas attachment anak dengan ayah pada kemampuan EF masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat perbedaan kemampuan cool EF dan hot EF anak diantara kualitas secure, avoidant dan ambivalent attachment anak dengan ibu dan ayah mereka serta interaksi kombinasi kualitas attachment anak dengan kedua orang tuanya. Partisipan penelitian ini berjumlah 128 anak berusia 4-6 tahun. Pengukuran dilakukan dengan observasi menggunakan battery-test EF dan ASCT Attachment Story Completion Task. Analisis data menggunakan ANCOVA dengan usia dan jenis kelamin sebagai kovariat. Hasil membuktikan bahwa terdapat perbedaan kemampuan cool EF yang signifikan dan kemampuan hot EF yang tidak signifikan antara kualitas attachment anak yang berbeda. Penjelasan hasil diulas pada bagian diskusi. Temuan penelitian ini menekankan pentingnya hubungan harmonis orang tua dan anak yang memfasilitasi proses mental anak untuk mengatur perilaku.

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Parent child relationship which reflected in attachment quality was crucial for child development in subsequent phase of life. A child who have different attachment quality, among others were secure, avoidant, ambivalent attachment that have different way to response their environment because they have different mental process which worked differently in their mind. The work of mental process was supported by executive function EF , a neurocognitive process that facilitated the children to regulate their behavior to solve the problem which divided into two domain, cool EF and hot EF. Previous research found that attachment quality could predicted child's EF skills. However, there were inconsistencies in their result related with which domain that being predicted with the different quality of attachment. Moreover, research related father figure found it contribution to child developmental aspects, including child's EF. Nevertheless, to our knowledge little is known about child's attachment quality with father in predicting child's EF.

The aim of this current research was to investigate the differences in child's cool and hot EF between child secure, avoidant and ambivalent attachment with mother and father and the interaction of the combination of child attachment quality with their parent. The participant of this research were 128 preschoolers aged from 4 6 year old. This research used observational measurement with battery test EF and ASCT Attachment Story Completion Task . The data analysis using ANCOVA with child's age and gender become covariates. This research found that there was a significant differences in cool EF and non significant differences in hot EF between different child attachment quality. The finding will be discussed in discussion. This research presented important finding about parent child quality who could facilitated the child's mental process to regulate their behavior. "

"ABSTRAKSebagian besar orang tua sampai saat ini masih beranggapan bahwa kontrol yang tinggi berupa hukuman fisik serta berbagai macam perintah merupakan hal yang wajar diberikan dalam mendidik anak. Padahal beberapa penelitian sebelumnya menemukan pengaruh yang negatif dari praktek kontrol yang demikian terhadap perkembangan fungsi kognitif anak, salah satunya fungsi executive function (EF). Akan tetapi masih sedikit riset yang membahas lebih lanjut dinamika antar kedua variabel ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat kontribusi ujaran verbal yang dilakukan Ibu ketika mengontrol tingkah laku anak (management language) dalam memprediksi EF anak usia 48-72 bulan. Sebanyak 90 anak dan para Ibu diikutsertakan dalam aktivitas permainan yang direkam dengan durasi 10 menit untuk menentukan tipe management language (direction maupun suggestion) yang Ibu ucapkan selama bermain. EF anak diukur menggunakan serangkaian tes peforma yang terdiri dari Matahari/Rumput, Backwards Word Test, dan Dimensional Change Card Sorting. Hasilnya management language, khususnya management direction berkontribusi secara signifikan negatif terhadap perkembangan EF anak bahkan ketika pengaruh usia dan SSE telah dikontrol. Riset ini berimplikasi pada pengetahuan terkait cara Ibu mengontrol tingkah laku anak menggunakan komunikasi verbal yang dapat mengoptimalkan perkembangan EF anak usia prasekolah.

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ABSTRACTUntil recently, it is known that majority of parents consider a high control such as corporal punishment as well as a variety of commands are common practice in nurturing children. On the other hand, some studies have found a negative impact on the practice of such controls to the development of children's cognitive functions, including executive function (EF). Nevertheless, the number of study covering this issue is still limited. This study aimed to examine the contribution of verbal utterances used by mother when controlling the child's behavior, known as management language, in predicting EF on children age 48-72 months. A number of 90 children and the mothers participate in the game activity video-taped with a duration of 10 minutes to determine the type of mother’s utterance of language management (direction or suggestion) during activity. Child’s EF performance was measured using a series of tests consisting of Matahari/Rumput, Backwards Word Test, and Dimensional Change Card Sorting. The result showed that management language, especially management direction, had a significant negative contribution to the development of child’s EF, even when the effects of age and SSE are controlled. This research has implications on the way mother control child's behavior using verbal utterances that can optimize the development of EF preschoolers."

"Penelitian terdahulu telah menemukan bahwa orang tua memiliki peran penting dalam perkembangan effortful control (EC) anak. Walau terdapat indikasi dari temuan yang ada, belum ada penelitian yang secara langsung melihat hubungan antara regulasi emosi orang tua dan EC anak. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat perbedaan regulasi emosi orang tua berdasarkan jenis kelamin dan bagaimana kontribusi regulasi emosi masing-masing ayah dan ibu dalam memprediksi EC anak usia dini 3-8 tahun. Sebanyak 98 pasangan orang tua mengisi kuesioner self-report untuk mengukur regulasi emosi masing-masing ayah dan ibu serta EC anak mereka. Berbeda dengan dugaan awal, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan antara regulasi emosi ayah dan ibu. Selain itu, regulasi emosi ayah dan ibu tidak dapat memprediksi EC anak usia dini 3-8 setelah mengontrol usia anak, jenis kelamin anak, tingkat sosial ekonomi keluarga, dan tingkat pendidikan orang tua, serta interaksi regulasi emosi orang tua juga tidak dapat memprediksi EC anak usia dini. Temuan ini membuka ruang untuk diskusi mengenai faktor-faktor yang dapat memengaruhi hasil penelitian ini, seperti konteks situasi pandemi dan peran variabel lainnya yang lebih dominan.

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Previous studies have found that parents play an important role in child’s effortful control (EC). Despite existing indications, no research has directly examined the relationship between parental emotion regulation and child’s effortful control. This study investigates parental emotion regulation differences based on gender and how mother’s and father’s respective emotion regulation contributes to effortful control in early childhood aged 3-8 years old. In total, 98 pairs of parents completed a self-report questionnaire to measure emotion regulation and their child’s EC. Contrary to the predictions, results showed no differences between mother’s and father’s emotion regulation. Furthermore, mother’s and father’s emotion regulation cannot predict early childhood EC after controlling for child’s age, child’s gender, family’s social economic status, and parents’ level of education, and the interaction between mother’s and father’s emotion regulation cannot predict early childhood EC. This yields room for discussion about the factors that might affect the results, such as pandemic context and the role of other more dominant variables."

"Regulasi emosi merupakan salah satu kemampuan yang diperlukan untuk mencegah masalah dalam aspek sosial emosional anak seperti perilaku internalizing dan externalizing. Usia prasekolah merupakan masa yang kritikal untuk mengembangkan regulasi emosi yang optimal. Orang tua memiliki peranan penting dalam perkembangan regulasi emosi anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat apakah kualitas hubungan orang tua-anak dapat memprediksi regulasi emosi anak usia prasekolah. Partisipan penelitian ini adalah 133 partisipan orang tua dengan anak usia prasekolah (3-6 tahun) di Indonesia. Pengukuran regulasi emosi anak dilakukan menggunakan alat ukur Emotion Regulation Checklist (ERC), sementara pengukuran kualitas hubungan orang tua-anak dilakukan menggunakan alat ukur Child-Parent Relationship Scale (CPRS). Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan analisis regresi linear. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas hubungan orang tua-anak secara signifikan memprediksi regulasi emosi anak usia prasekolah.

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Emotion regulation is one of the skills needed to prevent problems in children’s socio-emotional aspects such as internalizing and externalizing behavior. Preschool is considered to be a critical period for the optimal emotional regulation development. Parents have an important role in the development of children's emotional regulation. This study aims to see whether the quality of parent-child relationship can predict the emotional regulation of preschoolers. There were 133 Indonesian parents of 3-6 years old children involved in the study. Children's emotion regulation was measured using the Emotion Regulation Checklist (ERC), and the quality of the parent-child relationship was measured using the Child-Parent Relationship Scale (CPRS). Data processing is done by linear regression analysis. The results showed that the quality of the parent-child relationship significantly predicted the emotional regulation of preschoolers. It was also shown that both conflict and closeness significantly predicted emotion regulation of preschoolers."

"Emotional support ES merupakan pola pengasuhan yang responsif, positif, dan tidak memaksakan kehendak orang tua kepada anak. Penelitian terdahulu telah meneliti hubungan antara ES orang tua dengan performa executive function EF anak prasekolah, namun masih lebih berfokus pada ibu sebagai sumber emotional support. EF merupakan kemampuan kognitif yang berfungsi untuk mengontrol perilaku bertujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan antara emotional support ayah dan ibu terhadap performa cool dan hot executive function anak prasekolah usia 48-72 bulan. Sebanyak 61 partisipan ibu dan anak, serta 43 partisipan ayah ikut serta dalam penelitian ini. Anak diberikan beberapa tes EF, lalu ayah dan ibu diminta untuk bermain secara terpisah dengan anak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara umum terdapat hubungan antara ES ibu dengan performa hot EF anak, namun peran jenis kelamin dan usia anak serta tingat SSE dan pendidikan orang tua yang besar terhadap EF membuat hubungan kedua variabel tersebut menjadi tidak signifikan. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menambah wawasan tentang pengasuhan orang tua yang responsif dan hangat terhadap performa EF anak usia dini.

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Emotional support ES is a term for responsive, positive, and non intrusive parenting. Previous research had been conducted to see the relationship between parents emotional support and preschoolers executive function EF , yet still focused on mother as the provider. EF is a set of cognitive function that controls goal directed behavior.

This study aimed to assess the relationship between parents emotional support and preschoolers cool and hot EF. About 61 preschool children aged 48 72 months with their mother, and 43 preschool children aged 48 72 months with their father participated in this study. EF tests were delivered to the children, and after that were asked to play with their mother and father.

Result found that in general, only maternal ES correlated with preschoolers hot executive function. However, the large influences of child gender and age, family socioeconomic level, and parents educational level toward EF made the relationship between EF and ES not significant. This study's results hopefully can broaden the view about parents emotional support and preschoolers executive function. "

"Permasalahan regulasi emosi umum terjadi pada masa usia prasekolah. Dari berbagai literatur sebelumnya, diketahui bahwa pengasuhan orangtua terhadap anak menjadi hal krusial dalam membentuk regulasi emosi anak usia prasekolah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji hubungan antara pengasuhan berkesadaran dengan regulasi emosi anak usia prasekolah. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan convenience sampling dengan total 126 partisipan orangtua dengan anak usia prasekolah (3 – 6 tahun). Pengukuran mengenai penerapan pengasuhan berkesadaran dilakukan menggunakan instrumen Interpersonal Mindfulness in Parenting Scale (IM-P), sedangkan pengukuran mengenai regulasi emosi anak dilakukan menggunakan instrumen Emotion Regulation Checklist (ERC). Pengujian Korelasi Pearson dilakukan untuk menguji hubungan antarvariabel. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan positif yang signifikan dengan antara pengasuhan berkesadaran dengan regulasi emosi anak usia prasekolah. Penelitian ini berkontribusi untuk pengembangan intervensi pengasuhan berkesadaran dalam perkembangan regulasi emosi anak.

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Problems in emotion regulation are common in preschool age. In the previous literature, it was known that parenting practice is crucial in shaping the emotion regulation of preschoolers. This study aims to examine the relationship mindful parenting and emotion regulation of preschoolers. Convenience sampling was used with 126 participants of parents with preschool aged children (3-6 years). Mindful parenting was measured using Interpersonal Mindfulness in Parenting Scale (IM-P), while the measurement of children's emotional regulation was measured using the Emotion Regulation Checklist (ERC). Pearson correlation test was conducted to examine the relationship between variables. The results of the study indicate that there is a significant positive relationship between mindful parenting and emotion regulation of preschoolers. This research contributes to the development of mindful parenting interventions for better emotion regulation in preschoolers."