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"Prevalensi gizi lebih terus meningkat setiap tahunnya. Gizi lebih memiliki dampak serius bagi perkembangan penyakit tidak menular dan produktifitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran prevalensi gizi lebih dan faktor risiko dominan penyebab gizi lebih pada dewasa usia 20-59 tahun di Pusdiklat Buddhis Maitreyawira Jakarta. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan desain studi cross-sectional pada 157 responden. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada bulan April-Mei 2015 dengan metode purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prevalensi gizi lebih di lokasi penelitian sebesar 28%. Dari hasil analisis bivariat diketahui adanya hubungan bermakna antara gizi lebih dengan jenis diet, usia, status pernikahan, aktivitas fisik, pengetahuan gizi, asupan energi dan asupan lemak (p value < 0,05). Walaupun tidak bermakna secara statistik, responden dengan status gizi lebih cenderung memiliki skor kualitas diet yang rendah. Dari hasil analisis multivariat dengan uji regresi logistik ganda, diketahui asupan energi merupakan faktor dominan gizi lebih (OR = 19,743) pada dewasa setelah dikontrol variabel usia, jenis kelamin, status pernikahan, aktivitas fisik, pengetahuan gizi, asupan karbohidrat, asupan protein, asupan lemak dan kualitas diet. Perlu dilakukan intervensi kepada pihak terkait di lokasi penelitian untuk mengurangi dan mengatasi kejadian gizi lebih.

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Prevalence of overnutrition increased over year. Overnutrition had serious impact to development of non communicable disease and decrease productivity. This purpose of this study was to describe the prevalence of overnutrition and to find which of the risk factor is the dominant factor that is related to overnutrition in adult 20-59 years old at Pusdiklat Buddhis Maitreyawira Jakarta. This study was conducted with cross-sectional study design with 157 respondents. The data were collected during April-May 2015 with purposive sampling method. The results showed that overnutrition prevalence was 28%. Although there was no significant relationship between diet quality and overnutrition, overweight/obese respondent tend to have lower diet quality score than another.

From bivariate analyses, there were significant relationship between overnutrition and vegetarian diet, age, marital status, physical activity, nutritional knowledge, energy intake, and fat intake (p value = 0,05). From multivariate analyses, we found that energy intake as a dominant factor which cause overnutrition in adult (OR = 19,743) after controlled with age, gender, marital status, physical activity, nutritional knowledge, carbohydrate intake, protein intake, fat intake and diet quality. Therefore, intervention to the related side at study location should be done to decrease and overcome overnutrition."

"Tujuan umum dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui gambaran pola makan dan faktor lainnya serta hubungannya dengan status gizi TB/U (Z-score TB/U) pada balita (24-59 bulan) vegetarian dan non vegetarian di Jakarta tahun 2013. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan desain studi cross-sectional menggunakan data primer terhadap 50 responden yang terdiri dari 25 balita vegetarian yang diambil dengan cara total sampling dan 25 balita non vegetarian dengan purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan proporsi balita pendek sebesar 8% pada vegetarian dan 4% pada non vegetarian dengan nilai rata-rata Z-score TB/U pada balita vegetarian sebesar -0,203 ± 0,954 dan pada balita non vegetarian sebesar -0,409 ± 0,877. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara status gizi TB/U pada balita vegetarian dan non vegetarian. Pada kelompok vegetarian, semakin tinggi frekuensi makan sayuran maka semakin rendah nilai Z-score TB/U dan semakin tinggi berat lahir semakin tinggi nilai Z-score TB/U. Pada balita non vegetarian, semakin tinggi frekuensi makan telur dan frekuensi makan sayuran maka semakin tinggi nilai Z-score TB/U. Peneliti menyarankan dilakukan pemberitahuan pada masyarakat bahwa balita yang menjalani diet vegetarian yang direncanakan dengan baik dapat tumbuh normal.

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The general objective of research was to know the eating patterns and other factors and their relationship to the HAZ nutritional status in vegetarian and non-vegetarian children (24-59 months) in Jakarta 2013. This research was a descriptive study with cross-sectional design that using primary data on 50 respondents consist of 25 vegetarian children who choosen by total sampling and 25 non vegetarian children by purposive sampling. The results showed the proportion of stunting is 8% on vegetarian children and 4% on non-vegetarian children with mean of HAZ -0,203 ± 0,954 on vegetarian children and -0,409 ± 0,877 on non-vegetarian children.

Bivariate analysis showed that there was not significant different HAZ nutritional status between vegetarian children and non vegetarian children. This study shows that in vegetarian children, the higher frequency of eating vegetables has lower HAZ and the higher birth weight has higher HAZ. Non vegetarian children showed that the higher frequency of eating eggs and frequency of eating vegetables has the higher HAZ. Researchers suggest to communicating with the public that children under five who have a good planned vegetarian diet can properly grow normally."

"Masalah gizi timbul akibat terjadinya ketidakseimbangan energi yang dikonsumsi (asupan) dengan energi yang dikeluarkan (kebutuhan). Masalah kekurangan dan kelebihan gizi yang terjadi pada orang dewasa (usia lebih dari 18 tahun) merupakan masalah penting. Selain mempengaruhi produktivitas kerja juga memiliki risiko terhadap penyakit penyakit tertentu. Makanan yang dikonsumsi setiap orang akan terefleksi pada status gizi dan hal ini dapat diketahui melalui pengukuran IMT. Dari hasil penelitian di beberapa negara diketahui bahwa proporsi vegetarian yang mengalami masalah gizi lebih besar dibandingkan dengan orang yang tidak vegetarian. Di Indonesia khususnya kota Jambi penelitian Indeks Massa Tubuh pada vegetarian dewasa belum pemah dilakukan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah diketahuinya gambaran umum maupun faktor- faktor yang berhubungan dengan IMT pada vegetarian dewasa di Pusdiklat Budhis Putra Maitreya dan Avaloketasvara kota Jambi. Penelitian dengan desain cross sectional ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari-Februari tahun 2008 dengan sampel 51 orang vegetarian dewasa. Untuk mengetahui gambaran umum karakteristik, asupan energi, konsumsi suplemen, tipe vegetarian, Iama menjadi vegetarian di kota Jambi, persentase status gizi kurang, baik, lebih berdasarkan IMT, dan hubungan antara karakteristik responden (usia, jenis kelamin, status perkawinan, status pekerjaan, pendidikan) dengan IMT, hubungan antara asupan energi dengan IMT, hubungan antara lama menjadi vegetarian dengan IMT, hubungan antara pengetahuan gizi dengan IMT, hubungan status kesehatan dengan IMT pada vegetarian dewasa di pusdiklat Putra Maitreya dan Avaloketasvara kota Jambi maka dilakukan pengumpulan data dengan wawancara dan pengukuran terhadap berat badan dan tinggi badan. Kemudian data dianalisa melalui tahapan analisis univariat, bivariat dan multivariat. Dari hasil analisis bivariat diketahui bahwa ada hubungan antara jenis kelamin (OR = O,3I3), status perkawinan (OR = 0,42l) dan asupan energi (OR == 6,5). Setelah dilakukan analisis multivariat, maka variabel yang berhubungan dengan indeks massa tubuh adalah asupan energi setelah dikontrol status perkawinan dan status perkawinan setelah dikontrol asupan energi. Variabel paling dorninan yang berhubungan dengan IMT adalah asupan energi dengan OR = 8,915. Vegetarian dewasa di kota Jambi dengan asupan energi yang tidak baik akan berisiko mengalami 8,9 kali kegemukan setelah dikontrol status perkawinan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini maka disarankan bagi vegetarian agar membatasi asupan energi yang berasal dari lemak agar tidak mengalami kelebihan berat badan atau gemuk tingkat ringan maupun tingkat berat. Melakukan pemeriksaan rutin indeks massa tubuh untuk mengetahui status gizi. Mempertahankan berat badan normal menurut klasifikasi indeks massa tubuh.

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Nutritional problem are arised due to energy imbalance of intake consumed and energy released. Insutiiciencies and excess nutrition problems that incured in adult (age more than 18 years old) are important problems; They influence productivity and also give risk to such kind of disease. Food consume by people is reflected in nutritional status and it's can be known by measuring BMI. Studies from some states showed that proportion of nutritional problem incured in vegetarian more than that in non vegetarian. In Indonesia especially in Jambi, the research of Body Masslndex of adult vegetarian is not available yet.

This research was aimed to tind description and factors related to BMI of adult vegetarian in Buddhis Center of Education and Practice (Pusdiklat) namely Putra Maitreya and Avaloketasvara in Jambi town. Research design was cross sectional. Itis done in January to February in 2008 with 51 samples of adult vegetarians. To find the description of characteristic, energy intake, supplement consmrred, vegetarian type, periods of being a vegetarian, percentage of nutritional status (underweight, normal and overweight) measured by BMI, and to tind relationship between respondent characteristics (age, gender, marriage status, work status, education) and BMI, the relationship between energy intake with BMI, the relationship between periods of being a vegetarian with BMI, relationship between nutritional knowledge with BMI, relationship between health status with BMI in adult vegetarian in Center of Education and Practice of Buddhis Putra Maitreya and Avaloketasvara in Jambi. Data collected by interviewing and measuring body weight and body height. Data was analized by univariate, bivariate and multivariate steps.

Bivariate analysis showed that there were relationship between gender (OR = 0,313), marriage status (OR = 0,42I) and energy intake (OR = 6,5) with BMI. Multivariat analysis showed that variables that related to energy intake after it was controlled by marriage status and marriage status was controlled by energy intake. The most dominant variable which is closely related to BMI is energy intake by OR = 8,915. Adult vegetarian with bad energy intake in Center of Education and Practice of Buddhis Putra Maitreya and Avaloketasvarain Jambi, had risk of 8,9 times to be overweight after controlled by marriage status.

From result of the study, we recommended vegetarians to restrict energy intake that contain much fat in order to not becoming mild to severe overweight and to do routine examination measuring BMI to know the nutritional status, and to maintain normal body weight according to BMI classification."

"Skripsi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan usia menarche berdasarkan faktor jenis diet, asupan gizi, status gizi, dan faktor lainnya pada remaja putri. Jenis penelitian dilakukan dengan desain penelitian cross-sectional yang dilakukan pada 121 remaja putri usia 11-14 tahun di Sekolah Cinta Kasih Tzu Chi dan Pusdiklat Maitreyawira, Jakarta Barat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata usia menarche responden adalah 11,89 tahun atau 142,71 bulan. Rata-rata usia menarche responden vegetarian adalah 148,65 bulan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis bivariat, variabel jenis diet, status gizi, persen lemak tubuh, usia menarche ibu, dan keterpaparan terhadap media informasi adalah variabel yang memiliki perbedaan bermakna dengan usia menarche remaja putri dengan p-value < 0,05. Berdasarkan analisis multivariat, variabel jenis diet merupakan variabel yang paling mempengaruhi usia menarche (r=0,490, b=9,92).

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This study aims to determine the difference age of menarche is based on the type of dietary, nutrient intake, nutritional status, and other factors in adolescent girls. Types of research is a cross-sectional study design conducted in 121 young women aged 11-14 years at Sekolah Cinta Kasih Tzu Chi and Pusdiklat Maitreyawira, Jakarta Barat. The results showed the average of menarcheal age is 11.89 years or 142.71 month. The average of menarcheal age in vegetarian is 148.65 month.

Based on the bivariate analysis, the variable type of diet, nutritional status, percent body fat, mother's age of menarche, and exposure to media information is a variable that has a significant difference in age of menarche in adolescent girls with a p-value <0.05. Based on the multiariate analysis, variable type of diet is a dominant variable to menarcheal age (r=0.490, b=9.92)."

"Skripsi ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan nilai VO2max, asupan gizi (energi, karbohidrat, protein, lemak, vitamin C, dan zat besi), status gizi, dan aktivitas fisik antara vegetarian dan non-vegetarian. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain ecological study. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada bulan Maret - April 2013 di Vihara Adi Dharma, Vihara Ajita, dan Wisma Sahabat Yesus. Pengambilan data estimasi nilai VO2max dengan metode Queen College Step Test, asupan gizi dengan food recall 2x24 jam, status gizi dengan antropometri, dan aktivitas fisik dengan kuesioner GPAQ. Data diolah dengan uji t independen.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan bermakna nilai VO2max, asupan energi, karbohidrat, lemak, vitamin C, dan zat besi, status gizi (IMT dan persen lemak tubuh), dan aktivitas fisik. Rata-rata asupan kelompok non-vegetarian lebih tinggi secara bermakna untuk asupan protein (p=0,00021). Kedua kelompok disarankan untuk rutin melakukan tes kebugaran kardiovaskular. Pada kelompok vegetarian disarankan untuk meningkatkan asupan protein nabati.

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The purpose of this study was to compare estimated VO2max, nutritional intakes (energy, carbohydrate, protein, fat, vitamin C, and iron), nutritional status, and physical activity between vegetarian and non-vegetarian. This research was an ecological study. Data were collected from March to April 2013 in Vihara Adi Dharma, Vihara Ajita, and Wisma Sahabat Yesus. Data of estimated VO2max value were collected with Queen College Step Test method, nutritional status with food recall 2x24 hours, nutritional status with anthropometry, and physical activity with GPAQ questioner. Data were processed with independent t test.

This study showed that there were no significant difference in VO2max value, energy intake, carbohydrate, fat, vitamin C, and iron, nutritional status (BMI and body fat), and physical activity. Mean of nutritional intake in non-vegetarian was significantly higher in protein (p=0,00021). It is suggested that the both groups have to examine the cardiovascular fitness regularly. Vegetarian’s group are suggested to increase their plant protein intake."

"Beberapa penelitian tentang status gizi anak vegetarian usia sekolah telah pemah dilakukan di luar negeri, namun hanya sedikit sekali penelitian tentang status gizi anak vegetarian pra sekolah (balita vegetarian). Di Indonesia belurn ada penelitian secara resmi tentnng status gizi balita vegetarian (pra sekoiah) dan anak usia sekolah. Mengingat balita merupakan salah satu kelompok yang rawan kekurangan gizi dan berada dalam masa pertumbuhan yang cepat serta akan mempengaruhi status gizi fase kehidupan selanjutnya. maka secara teoritis balita tidak dianjurkan menjalani diet vegetarian karena dikhawatirkan akan menderita gizi kurang.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran status gizi (IMT/U) danfaktor-faktor yang berhubungan pada balita vegetarian dan non vegetarian di DKI Jakarta Tahun 2008, Desain penelitian yang digunakan dalarn penelitian ini adalah cross-sectional dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Total sampel berjumlah 148 balita yang terdiri dari 75 balita vegetarian dan 73 balita non vegetarian berumur 0-59 bulan di DKI Jakarta yang dipilih secara purposive sampling dan mempunyai latar belakang etnis yang sama, geografis dan tingkat ekonomi yang semirip mungkin. Data dikumpulkan di DKI Jakarta sejak Februari sampai dengan Maret 2008. Variabel dependen dalam penelitian ini adalah status gizi balita (IMT/U), sedangkan variabel independen yang diteliti adalah asupan energi, protein, pola diet (vegetarian, non vegetarian), penyakit infeksi, jenis kelamin balita, umur balita, pola asuh, pemberian ASI, anal mencuci tangan, ibu mencuci tangan, pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan, status gizi ibu, pendidikan ibu, pengetahuan gizi ibu, pekerjaan ibu, penghasilan keluarga dan jumlah balita. Data yang dikumpulkan mencakup berat badan menggunakan timbangan Seca model 872 dengan ketelitian 0, l kg. panjang/tinggi badan menggunakan length board/microtoice dengan ketelitian 0,1 em, konsumsi makanan menggunakan food recall I x 24 jam, karakteristik ibu dan balita. pola asuh dan kesehatan menggunakan kuesioner. Status gizi dihitung berdasarkan indeks IMTIU menurut baku rujakan WHO 2005, sedangkan asupan energi dan protein dihitung dengan metode food recall l x 24 jam berdasarkan % AKG (Angka Kecakupan Gizi). Ana!isis data hasil univariat, bivariat dan multivariat diiakukan dengan menggunakan komputer, Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prevalensi obesitas pada balita vegetarian sebanyak 5,3% dan balita non vegetarian 12,3%. Terdapat !3,3% ba!ita vegetarian dan 8,2% balita non vegetarian yang gemuk. Walaupun lebih dari separah ba!ita mempunyai status gizi nom1al (56% balita vegetarian dan 57,5% balita non vegetarian), akan tetapi sudah terdapat25,3% balita vegetarian dan 21,9% balita non vegetarian yang berisiko gemuk. Masih terdapat balita vegetarian yang pendek sebanyak 4% dan non vegetarian 2 7%.Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan yang berrnakna antara pola diet (vegetarian, non vegetarian) dengan status gizi (IMTIU), artinya tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna antara status gizi (IMT/U) baHta vegetarian lakto ovo dengan non vegetarian. Faktor yang paling dominan hubungannya dengan IMTIU pada balila vegetarian lakto ovo adalah pengbasilan keluarga dan penyakit infeksi pada balita non vegetarian. Penyuluhan tentang pangetahuan gizi perlu dilakakan kepada rnasyarakat terutarna ibu balita atau pengasuh balita oleh petugas kesehatan di posyandu, puskesmas, kiinik atau rumah sakit karena masih banyak ibu balita non vegetarian (42,5%) yang pengetahuan gizinya kurang. Perlu dilakukan kerjasama antara institusi pemerintah (Depkes dan Perguuruan Tinggi) dengan IVS (Indonesia Vegetarian Society) atau sekolah untuk memberikan penyuluhan gizi kepada mesyarakat vegetarian dan non vegetarian guna mencegah dan menanggukangi kejadian obesitas dan gizi lebih di DKI Jakarta.

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There are several studies on the nutritional status of school vegetarian chiidren that have been done in abroad, but only a few ones on the pre school vegetarian children (vegetarian children wtder five). There is no official study on the status of pre school and school vegetarian children in Indonesia. Considering those children are suspectible to malnutrition, especially under nutritionin their fast growing period, that could influence the nutrition status of their next life phase. So by theorythose children are not suggested to have vegetarian diet in order to avoid suffering from under nutrition.

The objective of this study is to understand the factors related to nutritional status (BAZ) of vegetarian and non vegetarian children under five in DKI Jakarta. Cross-sectional design is used in this study with quantitative approach. Samples collected by purposive sampling from the vegetarian and non vegetarian children under five (0-59 months) in DKI Jakarta with the same ethnic, similar geographical and economical background. Total samples collected are 148 children under five consisting of 75 vegetarian and 73 non vegetarian. Data were collected from February to March 2008. The dependent variable is children?s nutritional status (BAZ) and the independent variables are energy and protein intakes, diet pattern (vegetarian, non vegetarian), infectious disease, child?s sex, age, x=child caring, breast-feeding, child?s hand-washing, mother?s hand-washing, health service, mother?s nutritional status, education, nutritional knowledge, job, family income and number of children under five. Data collected include weight by using Seca balance model 872 recommended by WHO with precision of 0,1 kg, length/height by using length board/microtoice with precision of O,1 cm, dietary intake by using food recall I x 24 hours mother and child characterization, child caring and health by using questionnaire. Nutritional Status is calculated by using anthropometry indices of BAZ standard of WHO 2005. Energy, protein, fat and carbohydrate intakes are calculated by using food recall 1 x 24 hours based on% RDA (Recommended Dietary Allowance). Univariate, bivariateand multivariate data are analyzed by using personal computer data processing.

The result shows 5.3% of vegetarian and 12.3% of non vegetarian children under five in DKI Jakarta are obese and I3.3% of vegetarian and 8.2% of non vegetarian chHdren under five are overweight Although there are 56% of vegetarian and 57.5% of non vegetarian children under five are normal. but there are 25.3% of vegetarian and 21.9% of non vegetarian chUdren under five already at risk of overweight Finallythere are still 4% of vegetarian and 2.7% of non vegetarian children under five are stunted. There is no significant relationship between diet pattern (vegetarian, non vegetarian) and nutritional status (BAZ). It means there is no significant difference in nutritional status (BAZ) between vegetarian and non vegetarian children under five. Family income is the most dominant factor which is related to lacto ovo vegetarian's BAZ and infectious disease is the one for the non vegetarian's BAZ. Promoting on nutritional knowledge is necessary for the community especially the children's mother or care taker and should be conducted by nutritionist or mcdieal doctor from the centre of public health (puskesmas), clinics or government's hospitals and universities. Network among inter govemmental institutions are needed {e.g. Ministry of Health and University, etc} and can be extended into co-operation with non profit NGO such as IVS (Indonesia Vegetarian Society) or schools to give lectures on nutrition issues to the vegetarian and non vegetarian communities in order to prevent and overcome to obese and over-nutrition problem in DKI Jakarta."

"Skripsi ini membahas gambaran asupan makanan (asupan energi, karbohidrat, protein dan lemak) dan faktor-faktor lain (karakteristik individu, kebiasaan sarapan pagi, faktor genetik, aktivitas fisik, dan durasi waktu tidur) dengan obesitas pada pegawai Unit Pelayanan Gizi PKSC Jakarta Tahun 2012. Penelitian menggunakan studi deskriptif dengan disain penelitian potong lintang. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan total populasi, dengan sampel penelitian sebanyak 57 orang. Analisis data meliputi analisis univariat dan analisis bivariat. Analisis bivariat dilakukan dengan 2 jenis uji statistik yaitu Uji Korelasi dan Uji Beda Dua Mean (Uji T). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata PLT pegawai adalah 31,92% ± SD 14,60%. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan karakteristik individu (jenis kelamin dan umur), asupan energi, asupan karbohidrat, dan frekuensi kebiasaan sarapan pagi memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan obesitas, sedangkan asupan protein, asupan lemak, faktor genetik, aktivitas fisik dan durasi waktu tidur tidak memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan obesitas. Saran yang dapat diberikan adalah pegawai harus memperhatikan asupan makanan, melakukan aktivitas fisik berupa olahraga, menerapkan pedoman umum gizi seimbang, serta melakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan secara berkala. Di samping itu, PKSC juga memberikan penyuluhan dan konsultasi tentang gizi dan kesehatan bagi pegawai bersama ahli gizi.

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This thesis talks about description food intake (energy intake, carbohydrate, protein, and fat) and other factors (characteristics of respondents, breakfast frequency, genetic factor, physical activity and sleep duration) with obesity of nutritional care employees at St. Carolus Jakarta Health Care in 2012.

The study used descriptive study with cross sectional design. Sampling was conducted using total population, with sample study as many as 57 respondents. Data analysis included univariate and bivariate analysis. Bivariate analysis performed with two types of statistical tests, Correlation Analysis and Independent Samples T-Test.

The study result showed that mean of body fat percentage of employees is 31,92% ± SD 14,60%. Results of bivariate analysis showed characteristics of respondents (gender and age), energy intake, carbohydrate intake and breakfast frequency have a significant relation with obesity, whereas protein intake, fat intake, genetic factor, physical activity and sleep duration does not have a significant relation with obesity.

I suggest that employees start to concern with they food intake, applying general guidelines for balanced nutrition, do physical activity of sports, and do periodic medical examination. Beside that, St. Carolus Jakarta Health Care can provide counseling and consultation about nutrition and health for employees with nutritionist."

"ABSTRAKPola konsumsi vegetarian menunjukkan peningkatan popularitas yang signifikan. Indonesia Vegetarian Society mencatat peningkatan pesat jumlah anggotanya dari 5.000 orang (1998) menjadi 500.000 (2010). Ibu vegetarian dikuatirkan memiliki status gizi prahamil yang lebih rendah dan berisiko memiliki outcome kehamilan yang rendah yaitu status gizi bayi lahir dan cadangan lemak ibu untuk menyusui rendah. Studi ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh vegetarian dan nonvegetarian terhadap status gizi ibu, durasi ASI predominan, dan pertumbuhan bayi selama periode 0-6 bulan. Studi dengan desain kohort longitudinal dilakukan di lima kota di Indonesia (Jakarta, Surabaya, Pontianak, Palembang dan Pekanbaru) dengan populasi vegetarian usia subur terbanyak. Sejumlah 85 ibu-bayi berhasil diikuti selama 6 bulan postpartum.. Berdasarkan data 24 HR food recall, ibu vegetarian secara bermakna mengkonsumsi energi, protein, dan lemak lebih rendah namun karbohidrat lebih tinggi dibandingkan ibu nonvegetarian. Dalam hal zat gizi mikro, ibu vegetarian mengkonsumsi vitamin B12 dan Zn lebih rendah secara signifikan dibandingkan ibu nonvegetarian. Konsumsi saat laktasi pada kedua kelompok signifikan lebih rendah daripada konsumsinya saat hamil. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa vegetarian tidak mempengaruhi durasi ASI predominan. Konsumsi energi ibu laktasi mempengaruhi durasi ASI predominan pada kelompok nonvegetarian. Secara keseluruhan tidak ada perbedaan IMT postpartum kedua kelompok selama 6 bulan (p value=0,306), tetapi setelah dikontrol durasi ASI predominan (24 minggu) ada perbedaan bermakna (p value=0,047) pada penurunan BB ibu postpartum. Pada kelompok vegetarian faktor yang paling mempengaruhi IMT ibu postpartum adalah IMT postpartum 0 bulan (bulan ke-1 dan ke-2) dan IMT prahamil (bulan ke-3 hingga ke-6), sedangkan pada kelompok nonvegetarian adalah IMT postpartum 0 bulan (bulan ke-1 hingga ke-5) dan durasi ASI predominan (bulan ke-6). Pertumbuhan BB bayi ibu vegetarian lebih tinggi dari nonvegetarian secara bermakna (p value=0,009), tetapi kedua kelompok memiliki PB yang tidak berbeda (p value=0,235). Setelah dikontrol durasi ASI predominan (24 minggu) tidak ada perbedaan pertumbuhan BB dan PB bayi pada kedua kelompok, namun weight loss ibu vegetarian lebih besar (p value=0,047). Faktor yang paling mempengaruhi BB bayi kelompok vegetarian adalah jenis kelamin bayi (bulan ke-1 sampai ke-6), dan pada kelompok nonvegetarian adalah BBL bayi (bulan ke-1 dan ke-2), jenis kelamin (bulan ke-3), dan IMT ibu postpartum 0 bulan (bulan ke-4 hingga ke-6). Faktor yang paling mempengaruhi pertumbuhan PB bayi kelompok vegetarian adalah jenis kelamin bayi (bulan ke-1 hingga bulan ke-5) dan PBL (bulan ke-6), pada kelompok nonvegetarian adalah PBL (bulan ke-1 hingga ke-4) dan jenis kelamin bayi (bulan ke-5 dan ke-6).Hasil penelitian ini mendukung kebijakan pemberian ASI eksklusif 6 bulan, baik pada vegetarian dan nonvegetarian, dengan didukung program gizi dan konsumsi yang cukup pada periode laktasi. Penting menyebarluaskan informasi konsumsi energi dan zat gizi yang cukup pada masa laktasi serta peran aktif pemerintah untuk melakukan suplementasi energi dan zat gizi bagi ibu laktasi. Ibu vegetarian juga perlu mengkonsumsi suplemen zat gizi mikro seperti vitamin B12 dan Zn pada saat laktasi.

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ABSTRACT

Numbers of vegetarian has increased significantly in recent years. Indonesia Vegetarian Society recorded an increase of its member from 5000 in 1998 to 500000 in 2010. Vegetarian mothers were known to have lower pre-pregnancy nutritional status and posing a greater risk to have lower pregnancy outcomes including lower nutrional status of infant at birth and lower maternal fat stores for lactation. This study aimed at analyzing the effect of vegetarian diet on maternal nutritional status, duration of predominant breastfeeding, and infant growth in the period of 0-6 months postpartum. This study is a longitudinal cohort design and conducted in five cities in Indonesia (Jakarta, Surabaya, Pontianak, Palembang and Pekanbaru) with high population of vegetarian childbearing age women. A number of 85 mother-infant pairs consisted of 42 vegetarian and 43 non-vegetarian were followed until 6 month postpartum period. Based on 24 HR food recall, vegetarian mothers consumed lower intakes of energy, protein, and fat but higher intake of carbohydrate. Vegetarian mothers had significant lower intakes of vitamin B12 and zinc. In both groups, nutrient intakes during lactation were significantly lower than intakes during pregnancy. This study shows that vegetarian diet had no influence on predominant breastfeeding duration, but among non-vegetarian mothers, energy intakes during lactation did affect duration of pre-dominant breastfeeding. Overall, no difference was found for 6 months postpartum BMI between the two groups (p value=0.306). However, after controlled by predominant breastfeeding of 24 weeks, significant difference was found for weight loss during postpartum period (p value=0.047). Among vegetarian mothers, the most influencing factor affecting maternal postpartum BMI was 0 month postpartum BMI (affecting BMI 1- and 2-month postpartum), and pre-pregnancy BMI (affecting BMI 3-month postpartum BMI onward). Among non-vegetarian mothers, the most influencing factor affecting maternal postpartum BMI was 0 month postpartum BMI (affecting BMI 1- to 5-month postpartum) and duration of predominant breastfeeding (affecting BMI 6-month postpartum). Weight growth of infants of vegetarian mothers was higher than that of non-vegetarian mothers (p value=0.009), but no difference was found for infant length growth (p value=0.235). After controlled by predominant breastfeeding of 24 weeks, the difference on infant growth were disappeared. However vegetarian mothers had significantly greater weight loss (p value=0.047). Among vegetarian mothers, the most influencing factor affecting infant weight was infant?s sex (affecting infant weight at month 1 to 6 after birth) while among non-vegetarian mothers was infant birthweight (affecting infant weight at month 1 and 2 after birth), infant?s sex (affecting infant weight at month 3 after birth), and maternal 0 month postpartum BMI (affecting infant weight at month 4 to 6 after birth). The most influencing factor affecting infant length among vegetarian mothers was infant?s sex (affecting infant length at month 1 to 5 after birth) and length at birth (affecting infant length at month 6 after birth), while among non-vegetarian mothers the most influencing factor was infant length at birth (affecting infant length at 1 to 4 after birth) and infant?s sex (affecting infant length at 5 and 6 month after birth.

Results of this study supports 6 months exclusive breastfeeding policy for both vegetarian and non-vegetarian, but necessitates nutrition and food consumption related programs during lactation period. It is important to spread information on the importance of adequate energy and nutrient intakes during lactation. Government should take an active role toward supplementation program for lactating mothers. Vegetarian mothers are to balance their diet during lactation period by taking micro-nutrient supplementation such as vitamin B12 and zi"

"Salah satu upaya agar memperoleh sumber daya manusia (SDM) yang berkualitas di masa datang dengan memperhatikan keadaan gizi balita umumnya dan anak usia 6-17 bulan khususnya. Kemiskinan erat hubungannya dengan keadaan gizi balita, karena keterbatasan dalam memenuhi kebutuhan dasar antara lain makanan. Umumnya anak yang hidup di dalam keluarga miskin menderita gangguan pertumbuhan dan kurang gizi, tetapi kenyataannya dalam keadaan sosial ekonomi miskin masih terdapat anak-anak dengan status gizi baik, sehingga timbul pertanyaan faktor-faktor apakah yang menyebabkan anak keluarga miskin mempunyai status gizi baik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan status gizi baik anak usia 6-17 bulan pada keluarga miskin di Jakarta Utara, kabupaten Bogor dan kabupaten Lombok Barat. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah potong lintang (cross sectional) dengan jumlah sampel yang diolah 479 orang anak dari 540 orang anak yang ada pada studi penyimpangan positif masalah KEP di Jakarta Utara, kabupaten Bogor dan kabupaten Lombok Timur. Hasil penelitian melaporkan proporsi gizi baik pada anak usia 6-17 bulan di Jakarta Utara 64,7%,kabupaten Bogor 63,1%, kabupten Lombok Timur 59,3% dan secara keseluruhannya 62,4%. Hasil uji chi-square menunjukkan ada hubungan yang bermakna (p<0,05) asupan energi dan asupan protein dengan status gizi baik anak usia 6-1.7 bulan di Jakarta Utara, ada hubungan yang bermakna pengetahuan ibu tentang gizi dengan status gizi baik anak usia 6-17 bulan di kabupaten Bogor, ada hubungan yang bermakna pola asuh anak dengan status gizi baik anak usia 6-17 bulan di kabupaten Lombok Timur dan ada hubungan yang bermakna pengetahuan ibu tentang gizi dan keadaan rumah dengan status gizi basi anak usia 6-17 bulan pada total di tiga lokasi penelitian. Hasil analisis multivariat regresi logistik ganda juga menunjukkan bahwa faktor yang paling dominan berhubungan dengan status gizi baik anak usia 6-17 bulan adalah asupan protein di Jakarta Utara, pengetahuan ibu tentang gizi di kabupaten Bogor, pola asuh anak di kabupaten Lombok Timur dan keadaan rumah pada total di tiga lokasi penelitian. Dan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa proporsi gizi baik masih rendah dan adanya variasi faktor dominan yang berhubungan dengan status gizi baik anak usia 6-17 bulan di daerah miskin. Untuk itu Dinas Kesehatan kabupaten/kota dalam perencanaan perbaikan status gizi anak usia 6-17 bulan di daerah miskin tidak disamakan di semua lokasi tetapi dibedakan dengan melihat faktor dominan dimasing-masing lokasi dan perlunya perbaikan lingkungan perumahan yang disertai dengan penyuluhan perilaku hidup sehat. Untuk Puskemas perlu meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu tentang gizi melalui program promosi gizi seimbang di masyarakat.

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Factors Related to Good Nutritional Status of Children Age 6-17 Months Old Among Poor Families in Northern Jakarta, Bogor District, and Eastern Lombok District in 1999. (Secondary Data Analysis)Among others, concern on under five nutritional status in general and children age 6-17 months old in particular is one important effort to improve the quality of human resource in the future. Poverty is closely related to the nutritional status of under five due to limitation to fulfill basic needs including food In general, children live within poor families suffered from growth retardation and under nutrition. However, within the poor socioeconomic environment, children with good nutritional status still can be found. This raises questions on what factors contribute to good nutritional status among poor families. The aim of this study is to investigate factors related to good nutritional status of children age 6-17 months old among poor families in Northern Jakarta, Bogor district, and Eastern Lombok district in 1999.

Design of this study is cross sectional with number of sample of analysis 479 out of 540 children who were included in the positive deviance study on protein energy malnutrition in Northern Jakarta, Bogor district, and Eastern Lombok district.

The study shows the proportion of children age 6-17 months old with good nutritional status are 64.7% in Northern Jakarta, 63.1% Bogor district, 59.3% in Eastern Lombok and the overall proportion is 62A%. The chi square test exhibits. significant association (p<0.45) between energy and protein intakes with good nutritional status among children age 6-17 months old in Northern Jakarta, significant association between mother's nutrition knowledge with good nutritional status among children age 6-17 months old in Bogor district, significant association between child care practices and good nutritional status among children age 6-17 months old in Eastern Lombok district, and significant association between mother's nutrition knowledge and house condition with good nutritional status among children age 6-17 months old.

Multiple logistic regression analysis shows that the most dominant factors for good nutritional status among children age 6-17 months old are protein intake in Northern Jakarta, mother's nutrition knowledge in Bogor district, child care practices in Eastern Lombok district, and house condition for overall places.

The study result concludes that the proportion of good nutritional status is still low and there is variation of dominant factors related to good nutritional status among children age 6-17 months old in poor areas. District Health Service have to consider the variation of determinant by making the planning of improvement of nutritional status not similar to the other districts. The planning has to be based on the real situation and the determinants which have been identified as main caused of nutritional status in each districts. There is a need to improve mother's nutrition knowledge through promotion of balance of nutrition and through promotion of nutrition in Posyandu as well as innovation of affordable nutrition balance."

"[Perilaku makan menyimpang kini semakin banyak terjadi dikalangan remaja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktordominan dari kecenderungan perilaku makan menyimpang pada siswisekolah swasta khusus perempuan SMA Tarakanita 1 Jakarta tahun 2015.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan desain studi cross sectional dan dilakukan terhadap 148 siswi pada bulan November Desember 2015.Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan pengisian kuesioner, pengukuranantropometri, dan food recall 2 x 24 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebanyak 84,5% siswi mengalami kecenderungan perilaku makan menyimpang. Pada penelitian ini ditemukan hubungan yang bermakna antara riwayat diet (P = 0,003), citra tubuh (P=0,006), pengaruhteman sebaya (P=0,007), dan pengaruh media sosial (P=0,003) terhadap kecenderungan perilaku makan menyimpang. Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh teman sebaya merupakan faktor dominan terhadap kecenderungan perilaku makan menyimpang (OR = 11,70). Oleh sebab itu, perlu dilakukan kegiatan promosi gizi dan edukasi mengenai perilaku makan menyimpang agar para siswi dapat memahami pola makan yang baik bagi kesehatan.;Eating disorders are happening among adolescents these days. Thisstudy aims to determine the dominant factor of the onset of eatingdisorders at an all girls private school Tarakanita 1 Senior High SchoolJakarta 2015. The study was conducted using quantitative method withcross sectional study design to 148 students in November-December 2015.Data were collected with self-administered questionnaire, anthropometric measurement, and 2 x 24 hours food recall. The result showed that 84,5% of students has the tendency to have eating disorders. The variables that shown significant relation were dieting behavior history (P=0,003), body image (P=0,006), peer influence (P=0,007), and social media influence (P=0,003). Multivariate analysis result showed peer influence as the dominant factor of tendency to have eating disorders (OR = 11,70). These findings suggest that school and health services should collaborate and do more health promotion and education about eating disorders to improved students' knowledge on healthy eating behavior., Eating disorders are happening among adolescents these days. Thisstudy aims to determine the dominant factor of the onset of eatingdisorders at an all girls private school Tarakanita 1 Senior High SchoolJakarta 2015. The study was conducted using quantitative method withcross sectional study design to 148 students in November-December 2015.Data were collected with self-administered questionnaire, anthropometric measurement, and 2 x 24 hours food recall. The result showed that 84,5% of students has the tendency to have eating disorders. The variables that shown significant relation were dieting behavior history (P=0,003), body image (P=0,006), peer influence (P=0,007), and social media influence (P=0,003). Multivariate analysis result showed peer influence as the dominant factor of tendency to have eating disorders (OR = 11,70). These findings suggest that school and health services should collaborate and do more health promotion and education about eating disorders to improved students' knowledge on healthy eating behavior.]"