Dualisme sebagai elemen penting dalam kehidupan manusia (Caan, 2011) pada konteks kota diwujudkan dengan adanya perbedaan antara publik dan privat. Dalam konteks publik, dualisme kembali memecah komunitas—sekelompok manusia yang berinteraksi dalam suatu lokasi terus menerus (KBBI daring, 2020)—menjadi inside dan outside. Adanya lokasi yang digunakan membentuk attachment komunitas sehingga place tersebut berubah menjadi territory yang dilengkapi oleh physical and spatial boundaries. Perbedaan ini menimbulkan pertentangan antar-komunitas sehingga bagaimana manusia memersepsikan ruang terpengaruh dengan boundaries sesuai dengan posisi mereka dalam masyarakat. Akan dilakukan pembahasan mengenai persepsi dan dampak pertentangan dan boundaries dengan menggunakan studi kasus karya fiksi The Hunchback of Notre-Dame (1831) karya Victor Hugo yang memiliki banyak outside dengan latar belakang yang berbeda satu sama lain yang selanjutnya akan dipersepsikan menggunakan The Body and the City (Steve Pile, 1996), The Image of the City (Kevin Lynch, 1960) dan The Poetics of Space (Gaston Bachelard, 1994). Pada studi ini, pembedaan inside-outside didasari oleh kondisi sosio-spasial kota. Didapatkan bahwa perilaku dan boundaries yang dibentuk inside sangat berpengaruh pada reaksi yang diberikan oleh outside. Faktor ini dengan mudah mendorong outside keluar baik dari place atau territory inside maupun tempat publik. Hal ini selanjutnya mempengaruhi bagaimana outside berinteraksi dengan ruang privat atau place personalnya. Boundaries dimunculkan baik sebagai pelindung atau pembatas outside yang secara dominan memunculkan disconnectedness diwujudkan dengan jarak yang bersifat vertikal (adanya perbedaan ketinggian). Hal ini mempengaruhi bagaimana outside berinteraksi dengan place privat atau personal mereka.
Dualism as an important aspect in human life (Caan, 2011) on a city scale is realized with a differentiation between public and private. In the public context, dualism then divides community—a group of people interacting on a certain location for a prolonged period (online KBBI, 2020)—into inside and outside. This location forms communities’ attachment, hence said location turned into their territory with its own physical and spatial boundaries. This differentiation causes conflict between communities and in turn affects how people perceive space is influenced by boundaries corresponding to their position in society. Discussion on how this conflict and boundaries affects perception will use a literary study case The Hunchback of Notre-Dame (1831) by Victor Hugo in which many of its characters acts as an outside with various background using The Body and the City (Steve Pile, 1996), The Image of the City (Kevin Lynch, 1960) and The Poetics of Space (Gaston Bachelard, 1994). On this study, inside-outside differentiation is based on a city’s existing socio-spatial condition. It is noted that behaviour and boundaries established by inside impacts heavily on the outside’s reaction. This factor easily pushes outside out from both inside’s territory and public space. Boundaries could be established to protect or alienate the outside that dominantly manifested by a vertical distance (distinction on height). This impacts how outside interacts with their private/ personal place.
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Utopia exist as a part of imagination realm that simulated an ideal space with imperfect reality background. The idea of utopia as an ideal space is also related to heterotopia, a space used to describe the idea of utopia. Heterotopia can be seen as the physical form of utopia condition. Utopia can be visualized through film as a media and can manifest the idea of utopia and heterotopia then translate it into a sequence of images that picture reality in different time and space. The ability of film as a media to present utopia in a space is connected simulacra. In media, simulacra often showed as a duplication of the reality and people believe what they see instead of the existing facts, or what it’s called as a fake reality. As a result, the distinction between the original and the copy starts to blur. The implementation that came with the result is, the viewer could see the space in film as a reality. Because of the implementation, the purpose of this study is to capture the concept of utopia and heterotopia through the simulation and its relation to the original and the copy. This study also shows how the media could reflect the idea of utopia in space and heterotopia inside simulacra. This research leads to how The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe could reflect the idea of utopia within it spaces and how it copies the reality in real world and turns it into a simulation.
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