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"Sistem Wireless Avionics Intra-Communications (WAIC) adalah suatu teknologi masa depan untuk sistem komunikasi pada pesawat yang akan menggantikan sistem komunikasi kabel menjadi sistem komunikasi nirkabel (wireless). Sistem WAIC tidak menyediakan komunikasi antara udara dengan darat, udara dengan udara, dan udara dengan satelit. Kandidat pita frekuensi kerja yang paling kompatibel dengan sistem WAIC adalah 4200-4400 MHz dan 22-23 GHz. Skripsi ini telah memodelkan dan mensimulasikan interferensi antara sistem WAIC dengan fixed service pada pita frekuensi 22-23 GHz. Parameter yang disimulasikan pada skripsi ini adalah frekuensi, daya transmitter, gain, bandwidth, feeder loss, atenuasi oleh gas, dan batas kriteria interferensi. Simulasi yang telah dilakukan pada skripsi ini adalah untuk mengetahui jarak proteksi agar sistem WAIC dan fixed service tidak terganggu. Batas wilayah interferensi antara sistem WAIC denga fixed service belum pernah dilakukan simulasi atau analisis di berbagai penelitian sebelumnya. Hasil simulasi pada skripsi diperoleh bahwa agar sistem WAIC terhindar dari interferensi sistem fixed service, maka pesawat tidak boleh lebih dekat 1,45 km dari main-lobe dan 230 meter dari side-lobe yang pertama fixed service, sedangkan ketinggian maksimum pesawat ketika sistem WAIC terjadi interferensi adalah 30 meter relatif terhadap antena fixed service. Batas wilayah interferensi dilakukan penelitian untuk memudahkan pilot pesawat penerbangan sipil untuk tidak melewati batas wilayah interferensi tersebut.

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Wireless Avionics Intra-Communication (WAIC) is the standard of future avionics communications systems, which will substitute wired-communication in a single aircraft. The WAIC systems do not provide any communication between air-to-ground, air-to-air, and air-to-satellite. The WAIC systems are designed for enhancing the efficiency and reliability communications systems of the aircraft. The purposes of the systems are monitoring, controlling, and communicating the parts of the aircraft, such as landing gear, wings, nacelles, vertical stabilizer, engine, etc.

This paper simulate and analyze the interference between WAIC and Fixed Service systems at 22-23 GHz. There are two scenarios interference between these systems. Each scenarios are found the protection distance. The first is maximum protection distance between aircraft and Fixed Service is 1.45 km to protect the WAIC from the interference of the Fixed Service systems. The second is to protect the Fixed Service systems, the separation distance and the airport do not be able to less than 45 km. This paper have analyzed that the 22-23 GHz band is suitable to support the development standard to WAIC systems. Also the WAIC systems is compatible with the Fixed Service systems in that frequency band."

"Spektrum frekuensi radio merupakan sumber daya alam yang jumlahnya terbatas. Diperlukan penataan alokasi spektrum secara baik dalam mengoptimalkan penggunaannya, salah satunya adalah frekuensi sharing. Kepdirjen no.119/DIRJEN/2000 Indonesia mengijinkan adanya penggunaan bersama frekuensi 3.5 GHz antara dinas tetap satelit (Fixed Satellite Service) dan layanan akses pita lebar berbasis nirkabel (Broadband Wireless Access). Kurangnya pertimbangan teknis dan ketidaksiapan badan regulasi menyebabkan timbulnya permasalahan interferensi sehingga terjadi kerusakan data dan putusnya layanan FSS. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan revisi terhadap kepdirjen sebelumnya dengan Rancangan Peraturan Menteri Komunikasi Dan Informatika Nomor: /PER/M.KOMINFO/.../2007 yang isi diantaranya, pada pasal 16 ayat 3 menyebutkan bahwa penyelenggara BWA eksisting pada pita frekuensi radio 3.5 GHz wajib migrasi ke pita frekuensi radio 3.3 GHz selambat-lambatnya 2 tahun sejak ditetapkan. Disimulasikan frekuensi sharing 3.5 GHz antara FSS dan BWA dengan software SPECTRAemc untuk daerah Jakarta. Selanjutnya diusulkan teknik mitigasi interferensi yang dapat digunakan agar kedua layanan tersebut tetap beroperasi dengan baik hingga batas dilakukannya migrasi yaitu 2 tahun mendatang.

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Radio frequency spectrum is a limited natural resources which needed good management to optimalize its use, one of the way is sharing frequency. No.119/Dirjen/2000 Indonesian kepdirjen permit the co-existence of frequency usage in 3.5 GHz between Fixed Satellite Service and Broadband Wireless Access.

Lack of technical consideration and awareness of national regulator causes interference problems that disrupt FSS services. Therefore, revision has been done to the previous kepdirjen with Number: /PER/M.KOMINFO/.../2007 which one of the content is, section 16 article 3, mention that eksisting BWA organizer at frequency band 3.5 GHz must be migrated to the frequency band 3.3 GHz at the latest 2 year since specified.

Simulated sharing frequency at 3.5 GHz between BWA and FSS with SPECTRAemc software for Jakarta area. Hereinafter proposed the interference mitigation technique that able to be used to ensure both of the services remain to operate well until the next 2 years."

"WAIC adalah sistem komunikasi nirkabel antar perangkat elektronika dalam pesawat. Sistem ini tengah dikaji oleh AVSI, ICAO, dan ITU untuk diaplikasikan dalam penggantian sistem kabel yang redundan. Tahap terakhir yang dikerjakan organisasi terkait dalam pengkajian sistem WAIC ini adalah penentuan frekuensi kerja. Frekuensi 4200- 4400 MHz adalah kandidat terkuat spektrum frekuensi dari sistem WAIC. Frekuensi tersebut digunakan oleh radio altimeter yang fungsinya mendeteksi ketinggian. Skripsi ini menganalisis kompatibilitas sistem WAIC terhadap radio altimeter di frekuensi 4200- 4400 MHz yang dimodelkan dalam interferensi di radio penerima. Empat parameter radio penerima yang dibuat pengujian dalam simulasi adalah frontend overload, receiver desensitization, false altitude report, dan power spectral density. Empat parameter tersebut dimodelkan dalam empat modulasi (QPSK, 16- PSK, GMSK, dan 8- FSK). Pemodelan simulasi ini dibagi menjadi sistem LI (Low Inside) menuju pendaratan dan saat telah mendarat dan sistem HI (High Inside) menuju pendaratan dan saat telah mendarat. Hasil dari simulasi ini menyimpulkan bahwa sistem modulasi QPSK adalah sistem modulasi paling optimal. Hasil simulasi juga menunjukkan interferensi sistem WAIC terhadap sistem radio altimeter di frekuensi 4200- 4400 MHz tidak menimbulkan masalah. Sehingga, frekuensi 4200- 4400 MHz dapat digunakan sebagai spektrum sistem WAIC di masa depan.

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WAIC is wireless communication system connecting avionics at the airplane. This system is currently assessed by AVSI (Aerospace Vehicle Systems Institute), ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization), and ITU (International Telecommunication Union) to subsitute cable redundancy in the avionics system. Current stage of the technological development is to determine the bandwidth for WAIC. Frequency 4200- 4400 MHz is mostly recommended for the system. This thesis analyzes the compatiblity of WAIC system to radio altimeter at 4200- 4400 MHz. The compatibility is modelled by the interference of WAIC to radio altimeter receiver. The four parameters of radio receiver are used in the simulation i.e. frontend overload, receiver desensitization, false altitude report, and power spectral density. The four parameters are modelled into four modulations which are QPSK, 16- PSK, GMSK, and 8- FSK. The simulation consists of two conditions which are LI (Low Inside) and HI (High Inside) while each of these condition is also divided into two conditions which are going into landing and after landing. It is found that QPSK is the most optimum modulation system. The results of this simulation show that the interference of WAIC system is not harmful to the radio altimeter. Hence, the frequency 4200- 4400 MHz is suitable for WAIC."

"This book describes the design and implementation of an electronic subsystem called the frequency synthesizer, which is a very important building block for any wireless transceiver. The discussion includes several new techniques for the design of such a subsystem which include the usage modes of the wireless device, including its support for several leading-edge wireless standards. "

"Indonesia dihadapi pada tantangan globalisasi, di mana Indonesia belum memiliki kemampuan persaingan yang baik dengan bangsa lain. Selain itu, bangsa ini juga memiliki tugas untuk menyelesaikan persoalan missing link dan digital devide yang sampai scat ini belum tertuntaskan.Program Universal Service Obligation adalah salah satu program kewajiban layanan komunikasi yang menjadi tanggung jawab semua pihak untuk diakomodir oleh pemerintah. Dengan program ini, layanan komunikasi diberikan dengan membangun infrastruktur jaringan telekomunikasi, sehingga dapat memberikan aksesibilitas layanan komunikasi yang memadai kepada masyarakat.Pembangunan USO dirasakan lambat, bila Indonesia ingin menjawab tantangan globalisasi dalam beberapa tahun mendatang, maka implementasi USO dapat menggunakan salah satu alternatif dengan pemanfaatan frekuensi 2.4 GHz.Pemilihan teknologi nirkabel dengan memanfaatan frekuensi 2.4 GHz dapat menggunakan teknologi berbasis wireless internal protocol sebagai alternatif infrastruktur jaringan dengan wi-fi sebagai akses komunikasi data dengan salah satu karena frekuensi ini terbebas dari Biaya Hak Penggunaan Frekuensi, sehingga dalam pengaplikasiannya dapat mereduksi biaya operasional yang dikeluarkan. Akan tetapi, diperlukannya revisi regulasi untuk implementasi USO dengan pemanfaatan frekuensi 2.4 GHz agar menjadi lebih jelas penggunaan frekuensi ini yang akan didayagunakan untuk kepentingan USO dengan tetap dapat dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat sebagai frekuensi bebas.Regulasi dalam implementasi USO sendiri perlu adanya revisi dengan ditambahkan pemanfaatan frekuensi ini sebagai salah satu alternatif solusi implementasi USO. Implementasi USO dengan pemanfaatan frekuensi ini dapat menghasilkan regulasi yang sinergi karena nnengatur kembali KM.34 Tahun 2004 dan KM.2 Tahun 2005. Diharapkan pemerintah dapat mempertimbangkan usulan ini karena akan memberikan implikasi yang positif kepada masyarakat secara lokal dan dalam jangka waktu panjang dapat memberikan efek positif secara nasional dengan suksesnya penggelaran program USO ini.

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Indonesia is faced with globalization challenge, where Indonesia doesn?t have good challenge capability with other nations. Beside that, this nation also has a duty to finished missing link problem and digital devide which so far was undone.

Universal Service Obligation program is one of the communication service obligation programs that become responsibility for every related company accommodated by government. With this program, communication service is given in construction of telecommunication network infrastructure, so that can give adequate communication service accessibility for society.

USO development felt slow, if Indonesia want to answer globalization challenge in the next couple years, so USO implementation can apply one alternative of the benefit of 2.4 GHz frequency.

The selection of wireless technology utilizing 2.4 GHz frequency can use technology based on wireless internet protocol as alternative of network infrastructure with wi-fi as data communication access because this frequency is free from right cost of frequency utilization, so in it application can reduce operational cost. However, the regulation revision is needed for USO implementation utilizing 2.4 GHz frequency, to make clear the utilization of this frequency which will exploit for USO interest and still can be used by society as free frequency.

Regulation in USO implementation itself required some revision with addition frequency utilization as one of alternative solution in USO implementation. USO implementations uses this frequency can produce synergy regulation because rearrange KM.34 year 2004 and KM.2 year 2005. It is expected that government can consider this proposal because it will gave a positive implication into society locally and in long term it can gave positive effect by nationally with the succession of this USO program exhibition."

"Contents : - Contents by Author - University Program Sponsors - Current Trends and Business Strategies - The Progression of WIMAX Toward a Peer-to-Peer Paradigm Shift - Affirming the Mobility Quotient: How Wireless Connectivity Is Shaping Worker Productivity - How Small Can It Get? - Improving the Performance of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Using Directional Antennas - Whence and Whither Mobile Communications and Impacting Technologies - The Evolution of WiMAX Certification - Prime Time for Mobile Television - Technologies and Networks - WLAN Mesh Architectures and IEEE 802.11s - Wireless Billboard Channels:Vehicle and Infrastructural Support for Advertisement, Discovery, and Association of UCWW Services - Leveraging MIMO in Wide-Area Networks - Revolution by Satellite - Overview of a Personal Network Prototype - Smooth Integration of Mobile Video Telephony to Windows Mobile - The Law of Mobility - Detecting Packet Mishandling in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks - Performance of Transport Protocols in Wireless Networks - The Emergence of the Wireless VoIP Phone - Effect of Interference and Control Error on Cellular Mobile Communication Networks - Seamless Mobility - Optimizing Video over Wireless Using Performance and Architecture Modeling - Internetworking of Next-Generation IPv6-Based Mobile Wireless Networks and MPLS/GMPLS-Based Multiservice Backbone Networks - Acronym Guide "

"Contents : - Introduction and Background - Cellular Communications: The First Decade - Introduction to Personal Communications Services - Wireless: A New World of Possibilities - A Layman's Guide to Cellular - Section I: Business and Marketing Considerations - Wireless Information Networks - The Origins of Cellular Communications - Major Challenges to Wireless Providers - Implementing Smart Cards in the USA: A Wireless Perspective - Domestic Spectrum Regulation in the United States - Cellular/PCS: Complement or Substitute for Wireline Telephony? - Section II: Wireless Technology and Applications - Network Issues for Personal Communications Services - Network Management Systems - PCS Customer Information System Architectures - Rural Cellular - Coding and Modulation: A Tutorial - Coded Modulation Techniques for Cellular Mobile Systems - Introduction to Propagation for Mobile and Portable Radio - Instantaneous Wideband Channel Sounding for 1.7 GHz PCS - Intelligent Antennas: Spatial Division Multiple Access - Biological Effects of Radio Frequency Fields - High-Efficiency DC-DC Converters for Battery-Operated Systems with Energy Management - Interoperability of Satellite and Terrestrial Networks - A Comparative Analysis of Near Earth Satellite Communications Systems - Propagation Effects in Satellite Systems - Section III: Wireless Outside the United States - Wireless Local Loop for Developing Countries - A Technology Perspective - Wireless Communications in Russia - Mobile Communications Industry in Thailand - Evolution of Wireless Applications in Mexico - History of Wireless in Korea and Present Opportunities for Foreign Companies - Cellular and Personal Communications in Europe - Europe, A Crucial Part of Any Global Wireless Strategy - Wireless Systems in Japan and Associated Issues - Section IV: The Future - An Ice Age is Coming to the Wireless World - Cellular Communications: What's Ahead - Acronym Guide - Index "

"Pervasive mobile and ambient wireless communications reports the findings of COST 2100, a project of the European intergovernmental COST framework addressing various topics currently emerging in mobile and wireless communications. Drawing on experience developed in this and earlier COST projects, the text represents the final outcome of collaborative work involving more than 500 researchers in 140 institutions and 30 countries (including outside Europe). The book’s subject matter includes : transmission techniques, signal processing, radio channel modelling and measurement, radio network issues, and recent paradigms including ultra-wideband, cooperative, vehicle-to-vehicle and body communications."