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"[Vitamin A berperan dalam diferensiasi sel sehingga memodulasi diferensiasi sel TH2 menjadi IL-4.Infeksi A.lumbricoides merupakan suatu penyakit yang menginduksi dominansi respons imun sel TH2.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian vitamin A pada ibu hamil terinfeksi A.lumbricoidesterhadap sitokin IL-4.Penelitian ini menggunakan desain eksperimental analitik berdasarkan data sekunder.Total sampel yang digunakan adalah 39 sampel, terbagi menjadi dua kelompok, yaitu plasebo (21) dan vitamin A (18). Pemeriksaan telur per gram tinja (TPG) dilakukan dengan metode Kato-Katz, sedangkan konsentrasi IL-4 serum diperiksa dengan metode ELISA.Pemeriksaan tersebut dilakukan sebelum dan setelah intervensi.Sebelum intervensi, rerata konsentrasi IL-4 pada kelompok vitamin A 70,7 pg/mL, sedangkan kelompok plasebo 60,6 pg/mL.Setelah intervensi didapatkan perubahan konsentrasi IL-4 yang bernilai positif(p=0,000) pada kelompok vitamin A (53,98 pg/mL) dan plasebo (99,55 pg/mL). 16 dari 18 subjek penelitian di kelompok vitamin A mengalami peningkatan konsentrasi IL-4.Hal tersebut disertai penurunan telur per gram tinja (TPG) pada 17dari 18 subjek, namun secara statistik tidak bermakna (p=1,000).Pada kelompok plasebo, seluruh subjek penelitian mengalami peningkatan konsentrasi IL-4, akan tetapipenurunan TPG hanya terjadi pada 4 dari 21 subjek (p=1,000). Kesimpulan pada penelitian ini yaitupemberian vitamin A secara bermakna mempengaruhi perubahan konsentrasi sitokin IL-4 yang bernilai positif sehingga berdampak terhadap penurunan TPG A.lumbricoides pada ibu hamil terinfeksi., Vitamin A plays a role in cells differentiation so that it modulates TH2 differentiation into IL-4. A.lumbricoides infection generates a modified TH2 immune response during its course. The aim of this study is to know the effect of vitamin A supplementation among A.lumbricoides infected pregnant women on IL-4 serum concentration. This is a experimentalstudy based on a secondary data. Total sample used is 39 which divided into two groups, placebo(21) and vitamin A(18). Egg per gram (EPG) of feces is measured by using Kato-Katz method before and after intervention. ELISA is used to measure IL-4 serum concentration. After intervention, there was a significant differentiation (p=0,000) between the alteration of IL-4 serum concentration in vitamin A (mean=53,98 pg/mL) and placebo (mean=99,55 pg/mL) group. 16 of 18 subjects in vitamin A group had an increasing level of IL-4 serum concentration, followed by the reduction of EPG (p=1.000) in 17 of 18 subjects. On the other hand, IL-4 serum concentration increased in all subjects in placebo group but the reduction of EPG only happened in 4 of 21 subjects (p=1.000). The conclusion of this study is vitamin A supplementation significantly affect the alteration of IL-4 serum concentration. Besides, IL-4 may play a role to decrease EPG in A.lumbricoides infected pregnant women.]"

"ABSTRAKDefisiensi vitamin A pada ibu hamil yang terinfeksi Ascaris lumbricoides masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat serius di negara berkembang, termasuk Indonesia. Defisiensi vitamin A tersebut tidak hanya berbahaya bagi ibu hamil tetapi juga bagi janin karena dapat menyebabkan malformasi kongenital. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian vitamin A dosis rendah terhadap perubahann konsentrasi retinol dalam serum ibu hamil dan korelasi antara konsentrasi retinol terhadap intensitas infeksi A. lumbricoides. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder (sebelum dan sesudah intervensi), 39 ibu hamil trimester kedua terinfeksi A. lumbricoides di Jakarta Utara, yang dibagi dalam dua kelompok (Plasebo=21 dan vitamin A=18). Setelah pemberian vitamin A dosis rendah (6000 SI) per hari selama dua bulan, terdapat perbedaan bermakna jumlah TPG pada tinja ibu hamil (p=0,00) antara kedua kelompok, yaitu 1620,38 ± 755,49 pada vitamin A dan -1095,38 ± 1374,89 pada plasebo sedangkan perubahan pada konsentrasi retinol serum tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang bermakna antara kedua kelompok (p=0,08), yaitu 0,15 ± 0,06 pada vitamin A dan -0,06 ± 0,09 pada plasebo. Meskipun demikian, konsentrasi retinol berkorelasi negatif (r=-0,26) dan tidak bermakna (p>0,05) terhadap intensitas infeksi A. lumbricoides sesudah intervensi di kelompok vitamin A. Selain itu, angka kesembuhan vitamin A terhadap infeksi A. lumbricoides sebesar 8/18 sedangkan plasebo tidak didapatkan subjek yang sembuh dari infeksi tersebut (0/18). Pada penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian vitamin A dosis rendah dapat menurunkan intensitas infeksi A.lumbricoides dan memperbaiki konsentrasi retinol pada serum ibu hamil

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ABSTRACTUntil now, vitamin A deficiency among pregnant women infected by A. lumbricoides still become a common coexistence health problem in developing countries, including Indonesia. This condition not only cause harm for pregnant women itself but also for the fetal, that can induce congenital malformation. The aim of this research was to know effect of vitamin A supplementation to serum retinol concentration in pregnant women infected by A. lumbricoides and correlation between retinol serum concentration and the intensity of A. lumbricoides infection in group that given vitamin A. Secondary data was collected in this research that includes 39 second trimester pregnant women infected by A. lumbricoides in Cilincing, North Jakarta. It divided in to two groups, which was treated by vitamin A (18) and placebo (21). There was a significance difference amount (p=0,00) of egg per gram (EPG) between group supplemented by low dose vitamin A (6000 SI) daily for two months (1620,38 ± 755,49) and placebo group (-1095,38 ± 1374,89) while there was no significance alteration (p=0,08) of retinol concentration between placebo group (-0,06 ± 0,09) and group supplemented by low dose vitamin A (0,15 ± 0,06). Meanwhile, retinol concentration increasing have negative correlation (r=-0,26) but no significance (p>0,05) to the intensity of A. lumbricoides. The cure rate of vitamin A in decreasing the intensity infection of A. lumbricoides, was 8/18 but cure rate was 0/18 in placebo. It concluded from this study that vitamin A supplementation can reduce the intensity infection of"

"[Vitamin A dapat menurunkan konsentrasi IFN-γ selama kehamilan agar kehamilan tersebut dapat berlangsung dengan sukses. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membuktikan bahwa pemberian vitamin A dosis rendah (6000 IU) dapat menekan konsentrasi IFN-γ . Penelitian sekunder ini, ibu hamil yang terinfeksi Ascaris lumbricoides di Kalibaru, Jakarta Utara terbagi dalam dua kelompok, vitamin A dan plasebo. Kelompok vitamin A diberikan vitamin A dosis rendah (6000 IU) selama 2 bulan. Pemeriksaan konsentrasi IFN-γ dengan metode ELISA dan telur per gram feses A. lumbricoides dengan metode Kato-Katz dilakukan sebelum dan sesudah intervensi. Pemberian vitamin A dosis rendah dapat menurunkan konsentrasi IFN-ɣ dalam serum (rerata penurunan -18.28 pg/mL) sedangkan di kelompok plasebo (rerata penurunan -34.32). Meskipun demikian, tidak terdapat perbedaan penurunan konsentrasi IFN-ɣ yang bermakna antara ibu hamil di kelompok vitamin A dan di kelompok plasebo (p=0.746). Penurunan konsentrasi sitokin IFN-ɣ yang terjadi pada ibu hamil berkorelasi negatif dan tidak bermakna dengan penurunan telur per gram feses A. lumbricoides pada kedua kelompok penelitian. Penelitian ini memberikan indikasi bahwa pemberian vitamin A dosis rendah bermanfaat bagi ibu hamil yang terinfeksi A. lumbricoides serta dapat menurunkan konsentrasi IFN-ɣ dalam serum., Vitamin A can reduce IFN-ɣ concentration during pregnancy to maintain the safety of the fetus in the uterus. The purpose of this research is to prove that the supplementation of low dosage vitamin A (6000 IU) suppresses IFN-ɣ concentration. In this secondary research, the pregnant women infected by Ascaris lumbricoides in Kalibaru, North Jakarta, are divided into two groups, the one with vitamin A and the other one with the placebo. Pregnant women in vitamin A group were given low dosage of vitamin A (6000 IU) for 2 months. IFN-ɣ concentration measurement with the ELISA method and egg per grams feces of A. lumbricoides with Kato-Katz method was performed before and after intervention. The supplementation of low dosage vitamin A decreased IFN-ɣ concentration in serum (-18.28 pg/mL) while in the other group, supplementation of placebo (-34.32). Even so, there was not any significant reduction of IFN-ɣ concentration between pregnant women in vitamin A group and in placebo group (p=0.746). The reduction of IFN-ɣ cytokine concentration in the pregnant women was negatively correlated and insignificant with reduction in egg-per-gram feces of the A. lumbricoides in both groups. This research indicates that the supplementation of low dosage vitamin A is beneficial to pregnant women infected by A. lumbricoides by suppressing the IFN-ɣ concentration]"

"[Vitamin A dapat memodulasi sel T helper 2 sehingga produksi IL-13 meningkat yang berperan untuk menurunkan intensitas infeksi Ascaris lumbricoides. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian vitamin A dosis rendah (6000 IU per hari) terhadap konsentrasi IL-13 pada ibu hamil yang terinfeksi A. lumbricoides. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain eksperimental analitik dari data sekunder yang didapatkan dari penelitian sebelumnya. Data sekunder yang digunakan adalah konsentrasi IL-13 pada ibu hamil yang terinfeksi A. lumbricoides yang telah dibagi menjadi kelompok vitamin A (n=18) dan plasebo (n=21). Metode pemeriksaan konsentrasi IL-13 menggunakan ELISA dan intensitas infeksi A. lumbricoides dengan metode Kato-Katz. Setelah intervensi, terdapat perubahan konsentrasi IL-13 yang bernilai positif pada kelompok vitamin A maupun plasebo. Rerata perubahan konsentrasi IL-13 pada kelompok vitamin A sebesar 11,25 pg/mL. Pada kelompok plasebo didapatkan rerata perubahan konsentrasi IL-13 sebesar 18,46. Selain itu, pada kelompok vitamin A didapatkan 12 (p=1,000) subjek penelitian mengalami peningkatan IL-13 disertai penurunan TPG. Berbeda dengan kelompok plasebo, hanya 3 (p=1,000) subjek penelitian yang mengalami peningkatan IL-13 disertai dengan penurunan TPG. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa pemberian vitamin A menyebabkan perubahan konsentrasi IL-13 yang bernilai positif, sehingga berpengaruh terhadap penurunan TPG A.lumbricoides pada subjek penelitian., Vitamin A can modulate the T helper 2 cell that increase the production of IL-13 which reduce the intensity of Ascaris lumbricoides infection. This research is to find out the effect of low dosage vitamin A (6000 IU) to pregnant woman who infected by A. lumbricoides. Furthermore, this research using the experimental analytic design from secondary data of previous research. The secondary data which is the concentration of IL-13 in pregnant woman who infected by A. lumbricoides is splited into vitamin A group (n=18) and placebo group (n=21). The methode of measuring the IL-13 concentration is using the ELISA, while calculate the A. lumbricoides infection using Kato-Katz methode. After the intervention, there is positive change for IL-13 concentration in vitamin A and placebo group. The average change of IL-13 in vitamin A group is 11,25 pg/mL, while in placebo group is 18,46 pg/mL. Moreover, 12 (p=1,000) of test subjects experienced the increase of IL-13 followed by decreased TPG in vitamin A group. On the other hand, it is just 3 (p=1,000) of test subjects experienced the increase of IL-13 with declining of TPG in placebo group. The result of this research shows that the vitamin A gives positive change of IL-13 concentration with the decrease of TPG.]"

"Vitamin A diketahui dapat memodulasi sel T regulator (Treg) sehingga IL-10 mengalami penurunan Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui pengaruh pemberian vitamin A dosis rendah dalam meregulasi respons imun sitokin anti-inflamasi (IL-10) pada ibu hamil sehingga terjadi penurunan jumlah telur per gram tinja (TPG) infeksi A.lumbricoides. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder ibu hamil yang terinfeksi A. lumbricoides di Kalibaru, Jakarta Utara. Terdapat dua kelompok data, vitamin A (18 ibu hamil) dan plasebo (21 ibu hamil). Semua pemeriksaan tinja dan IL-10 dalam serum dilakukan sebelum dan sesudah intervensi. Diagnosis askariasis dengan pemeriksaan tinja menggunakan metode Kato-Katz, dan pemeriksaan IL-10 dalam serum dengan metode ELISA. Sebelum intervensi, rerata konsentrasi IL-10 pada kelompok vitamin A 48,1± 34,2 pg/mL dan plasebo 37,6 ± 26,1 pg/mL. Setelah intervensi, terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p=0.006) antara rerata perubahan konsentrasi IL-10 pada kelompok vitamin A (-2,5±38,88 pg/mL) dengan plasebo (-1,7±27,18 pg/mL). Selain itu, perubahan rerata perubahan TPG pada kelompok vitamin A berbeda bermakna (p=0,000) dengan kelompok plasebo. Perubahan IL-10 tersebut berdampak terjadi perubahan TPG A. lumbricoides pada kelompok vitamin A. Untuk mengurangi intensitas infeksi A. lumbricoides pada ibu hamil diperlukan vitamin A untuk menurunkan IL-10.

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Vitamin A has been known for modulating T regulator cells so that it may decrease interleukin 10 (IL-10). The aim of this study was to know the effect of low doses vitamin A supplementation on regulating immune responses of antiinflamation cytokines (IL-10) in pregnant women to decrease Ascaris lumbricoides egg in each gram of stool (EPG).

This study used secondary data from pregnant women infected by A.lumbricoides in Kalibaru, North Jakarta. There were 2 groups, one given vitamin A supplementation (18 pregnant women) and the other one with placebo (21 pregnant women). All of the stool and IL-10 serum samples were examined at before and after intervention. Diagnosis of ascariasis was established by stool sample examination using Kato-Katz method and levels of IL-10 by ELISA. Before intervention, mean of IL-10 level in vitamin A group was 48.1± 34.2 pg/mL and placebo 37.6 ± 26.1 pg/mL.

After intervention, there was significant differentiation (p=0.006) between alteraion of mean IL-10 level in vitamin A (2.5±38.88 pg/mL) and placebo (1.7±27.18 pg/mL). In addition, alteration mean of EPG was significant differentiation (p=0.000). Alteration of mean IL-10 level affected on alteration A. lumbricoides EPG especially in vitamin A group. This study showed that IL-10 may play a role of decreasing A. lumbricoides egg per gram of stool in pregnant women."

"Tujuan: Mengetahui dosis terapi vitamin D yang optimal untuk ibu hamil dengan defisiensi dan insufisiensi vitamin DMetode: Uji klinis acak terkontrol dilakukan Juni 2019–Desember 2022 di RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo dan RSUD Koja, Jakarta. Subjek adalah wanita hamil usia kehamilan ≤14 minggu dengan defisiensi atau insufisiensi vitamin D (25(OH)D<30 ng/ml). Subjek dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok, kelompok pertama mendapatkan terapi vitamin D3 50.000 IU/minggu dan kelompok kedua mendapatkan terapi vitamin D3 5.000 IU/hari. Intervensi diberikan selama 4 minggu. Pengukuran kadar 25(OH)D dan 1,25(OH)2D dilakukan pada awal dan akhir intervensi.Hasil: Subjek awal berjumlah 60 orang, dan 8 subjek mengalami drop out. Karakteristik dasar subjek pada kedua kelompok setara. Kadar awal 25(OH)D tidak menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna di antara kedua kelompok (p=0,552). Pemberian terapi vitamin D3 50.000 IU/minggu selama 4 minggu meningkatkan kadar 25(OH)D secara signifikan (dari 14,5±4,3 menjadi 27,9±9,3 ng/mL, p<0,001) dan meningkatkan kadar 1,25(OH)2D namun secara statistik tidak signifikan (p=0,257). Pemberian terapi vitamin D3 5.000 IU/hari selama 4 minggu meningkatkan kadar 25(OH)D secara signifikan (dari 15,3±4,7 ng/mL menjadi 26,9±6,1 ng/mL, p<0,001) dan juga meningkatkan kadar 1,25(OH)2D secara signifikan (p=0,042). Namun tidak didapatkan perbedaan yang bermakna baik pada delta 25(OH)D (p=0,694), maupun delta 1,25(OH)2D di antara kedua kelompok dosis (p=0,641).Kesimpulan: Terapi vitamin D3 50.000 IU/minggu selama 4 minggu sama efektifnya dengan vitamin D3 5.000 IU/hari dalam meningkatkan kadar 25(OH)D serum pada wanita hamil dengan defisiensi dan insufisiensi vitamin D. Kedua dosis tersebut juga aman dan dapat ditoleransi oleh ibu hamil.

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Objective: To determine the optimal therapeutic dose of vitamin D for pregnant women with insufficiency or deficiency of Vitamin D

Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted from June 2019 to December 2022 at Cipto Mangunkusumo National Center General Hospital and Koja District Hospital in Jakarta, Indonesia. Subjects were ≤14 weeks gestation pregnant women with insufficiency or deficiency of Vitamin D (25(OH)D<30 ng/ml]. Two intervention groups were randomly assigned: 5,000 IU vitamin D3 daily or 50,000 IU weekly. Maternal blood samples were collected before and after four weeks of interventions to assess changes in serum concentrations of 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D).

Result: Sixty subjects were randomized into two groups, and eight subjects were dropped out. The basic demographics of subjects in both groups were equivalent. There were no differences in baseline levels of 25(OH)D between two groups (p=0.552). In the 50,000 group, 25(OH)D levels increased from 15.3 ± 4.7 ng/mL to 26.9 ± 6.1 ng/mL (p<0.001). The 1,25(OH)2D levels increased however, the increase is not statistically significant. While in the 5,000 group, the 25(OH)D levels increased from 14.5 ± 4.3 ng/mL to 27.9 ± 9.3 ng/mL (p<0.001) and the 1,25(OH)2D levels increased significantly (p=0.042). However, the increment 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D were not statistically significant between two groups.

Conclusion: Vitamin D3 50,000 IU weekly is equally effective and safe as 5,000 IU daily in increasing 25(OH)D serum levels in pregnant women with insufficiency or deficiency of Vitamin D."

"Latar Belakang : Preeklamsia terjadi akibat adanya gangguan pada proses implantasi dan desidualisasi pada awal kehamilan. Vitamin D memainkan peranan penting pada proses desidualisasi, implantasi dan plasentasi. Penelitian terbaru menunjukkan bahwa kadar 25(OH)D yang rendah dalam serum merupakan faktor risiko preeklamsia. Bukti terbaru mendukung peran suplementasi vitamin D yang dimulai pada saat sebelum, awal dan selama kehamilan dalam mengurangi risiko preeklamsia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peranan suplementasi vitamin D 5000 IU/hari pada implantasi dan plasentasi melalui pemeriksaan PI A. Uterina dan PlGF serum maternal pada wanita hamil trimester pertama.Metode : Uji klinis paralel acak tersamar tunggal. Subjek wanita hamil usia 7-11 minggu yang dibagi 2 kelompok, yaitu normal dan risiko tinggi berdasarkan kriteria risiko tinggi ACOG. Tiap kelompok dibagi lagi menjadi kontrol yang hanya mendapat obat standar dan perlakuan yang mendapat vitamin D 5000 IU/hari. Semua pasien diperiksa kadar 25(OH)D awal, kemudian diberikan intervensi selama 1 bulan dan diperiksa ulang kadar 25(OH)D akhir, PlGF serum maternal dan PI. A. Uterina. Menilai perbandingan kenaikan kadar 25(OH)D, PlGF, dan PI A. Uterina diantara semua kelompokHasil : Subjek awal berjumlah 92 orang, dieksklusi sebanyak 12 orang dan tersisa 80 subjek yang menyelesaikan penelitian. Semua subjek mengalami defisiensi vitamin D. Dibandingkan pasien kontrol kenaikan kadar 25(OH)D pada kelompok perlakuan normal masih lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelompok perlakuan risiko tinggi yaitu 12,33±6,26 ng/mL dan 10,45±5,09 ng/mL dengan nilai p<0,001. Kelompok normal, penurunan PI A. Uterina dibandingkan antara kontrol dan perlakuan bermakna sebesar 0,57±0,36 dan 1,08±0,29 (p<0,001) sedangkan kadar PlGF juga berbeda bermakna antara kontrol (84,27±10,02) dan perlakuan (107,87±31,97) dengan nilai p 0,005. Pada kelompok risiko tinggi, perbadingan rerata kadar PlGF pada kontrol dan perlakuan berbeda bermakna yaitu 37,59±9,67 dan 70,53±18,32) nilai p<0,001. Pada pasien intervensi baik kelompok normal dan risiko tinggi rerata penurunan PI A. Uterina (1,08±0,29 vs 0,43±0,26; nilai p<0,001) dan kadar PlGF (107,87±31,97 vs 70,53±18,32; nilai p<0,001) berbeda bermakna.

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Background : Preeclampsia occurs due to disruption of the implantation and decidualization in early pregnancy. Vitamin D plays an important role in decidualization, implantation, and placentation. Recent evidence supports the role of vitamin D supplementation initiated before, early and during pregnancy in reducing the risk of preeclampsia. The study aim is to determine the effect of vitamin D supplementation of 5000 IU/day on implantation and placentation through examination of Uterine Artery PI (UtA-PI) and maternal serum PlGF in first trimester pregnant women.

Methods: Using a single-blind, randomized parallel clinical trial. Subjects were pregnant women 7-11 weeks gestation and divided into 2 groups, normal and high risk, based on ACOG preeclampsia high risk criteria. Each group was further divided into controls who received the standard drug and interventions who received 5000 IU of vitamin D/day. Subjects were examined for 25(OH)D levels before and after the 1 month intervention, including maternal serum PlGF and UtA-PI levels. Both groups were compared for the difference of 25(OH)D levels, mean PlGF, and UtA-PI.

Results: We have 80 subjects who have vitamin D deficiency. The normal and high-risk intervention group showed the increase of 25(OH)D levels, 12.33±6.26 ng/mL and 10.45±5.09 ng/mL with p<0.001 accordingly. For the normal group, the decrease of UtA-PI compared between control and intervention was significant 0,57±0,36 and 1,08±0,29 (p<0.001) while PlGF levels were also significantly different between control (84,27±10,02) and intervention (107,87±31,97) with p<0.05. While in high-risk group, the PlGF levels of control and intervention were significantly different, 37.59±9.67 and 70.53±18.32 with p<0.001. In intervention patients, both normal and high-risk groups, the decrease of UtA-PI (1.08±0.29 vs 0.43±0.26; p<0.001) and PlGF levels (107.87±31.97 vs 70.53±18.32; p<0.001) were significantly different."

"Latar belakang: Resistensi insulin dan berbagai komplikasi organ yang ditemukan pada kasus diabetes telah berkembang sejak tahapan prediabetes, diantaranya gangguan fungsi ginjal. Suplementasi vitamin D menjadi terapi yang menjanjikan untuk mencegah perkembangan gangguan ginjal. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan studi untuk menganalisis pengaruh suplementasi vitamin D baik dosis tinggi dan dosis rendah pada model tikus prediabetes dalam mencegah perburukan fungsi ginjal. Metode: Digunakan metode penelitian praklinis eksperimental pada tikus Wistar jantan. Tikus diberikan diet tinggi lemak dan glukosa kemudian dibagi menjadi empat kelompok acak yakni 1 kelompok kontrol dan 3 kelompok prediabetes (Tidak mendapat suplementasi vitamin D, mendapat vitamin D dosis rendah 100 IU/kgBB/hari atau dosis tinggi 1000 IU/kgBB/hari). Setelah 12 minggu, diambil serumnya untuk mengevaluasi kadar urea, kreatinin, dan albumin. Hasil: Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa kadar urea (p = 0,275) dan kreatinin (p = 0,067) tidak memiliki perbedaan signifikan pada setiap kelompok intervensi. Kelompok prediabetes dengan suplementasi vitamin D 1000 IU/kgBB/hari memiliki kadar urea serum lebih rendah dibandingkan 100 IU/kgBB/hari. Namur, suplementasi vitamin D 100 IU/kgBB/hari lebih menurunkan serum kreatinin dibanding 1000IU/kgBB/hari. Terdapat perbedaan signifikan pada kadar albumin (p = 0,003). Suplementasi vitamin D 100IU/kgBB/hari dan 1000IU/kgBB/hari ditemukan meningkatkan albumin serum. Kesimpulan: Pemberian suplementasi Vitamin D, baik dosis rendah maupun dosis tinggi tidak memberikan perbedaan signifikan pada urea dan kreatinin serum dibandingkan tikus yang tidak mendapat suplementasi namun didapati perbedaan signifikan pada kadar albumin serum tikus. Akan tetapi, perbedaan signifikan ini ditemukan pada albumin serum tikus sehat dibandingkan dengan tikus prediabetes. Suplementasi vitamin D meningkatkan kadar albumin serum secara signifikan.

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Introduction: Insulin resistance and organs complication related to diabetes have developed since prediabetic stage. One of this complications is impaired kidney function. Vitamin D supplementation become a promising therapy to prevent worsening of kidney function. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess and compare the effect of high dose and low dose vitamin D supplementation on markers of kidney function. Methods: This study is experimental preclinical study on animal model using serum sample of male Wistar rat. The rats received high fat and glucose diet and divided into a group of normal control and three groups of prediabetic (without vitamin D supplementation, with low dose (100IU/kgBW/day) and high dose (1000IU/kgBW/day) vitamin D supplementation). After 12 weeks, blood samples were collected to evaluate level of serum urea, creatinine, and albumin. Result : This study showed that serum urea (p=0,275) and creatinine (p=0,067) were not different statistically between groups. Group of prediabetic with 1000 IU vitamin D supplementation had lower serum urea compared to prediabetic group with 100 IU supplementation. On the contrary, vitamin D 100 IU/kgBW/day supplementation produced better result than 1000 IU/kgBW/day to lower serum creatinine. There was significant difference in serum albumin between all groups (p=0,003). Vitamin D supplementation of 100IU/kgBW/day and 1000IU/kgBW/day increased serum albumin levels more than normal groups. Conclusion: Low dose and high dose Vitamin D supplementation did not give significant difference to serum urea and creatinine level compared to nontherapy group. However, serum albumin was increased with supplementation of vitamin D 100 IU/kgBW/day and 1000 IU/kgBW/day in prediabetic rat than normal rat."

"Endometriosis merupakan penyakit inflamasi kronis pada organ reproduksi wanita dengan gejala utama nyeri pelvis kronis, dismenore, dan dispareunia yang dapat disebabkan oleh stres oksidatif akibat rendahnya kadar antioksidan, seperti vitamin C, sehingga terjadi kerusakan sel. Levonorgestrel adalah terapi hormonal yang sering digunakan untuk meredakan rasa nyeri pada endometriosis, tetapi dapat memperberat proses inflamasi, sehingga dibutuhkan suatu terapi adjuvan, seperti propolis yang mengandung antioksidan yang tinggi. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain uji klinis dengan alokasi acak dan tersamar ganda. Subjek penelitian adalah 24 wanita yang sedang mendapatkan terapi implan levonorgestrel dan diminta untuk menerima propolis atau plasebo dua kali sehari dengan dosis 1 tetes/10 kg berat badan (kgBB) per kali. Sampel darah kemudian diambil pada 4 minggu setelah intervensi dan dilakukan pemisahan serum. Pengukuran kadar vitamin C serum dilakukan dengan metode spektrofotometri dan analisis statistik dilakukan dengan uji t tidak berpasangan apabila data berdistribusi normal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kedua kelompok (p<0,001), yaitu kadar vitamin C serum lebih tinggi pada kelompok propolis (0,202+0,057) dibandingkan kelompok plasebo (0,069+0,028). Dengan demikian, pemberian propolis meningkatkan kadar vitamin C serum pada pasien endometriosis setelah intervensi 4 minggu. 

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Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory reproductive disease in women which main symptoms are chronic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, and dyspareunia that can be triggered by oxidative stress due to decreased antioxidants, such as vitamin C that may cause cell damage. Levonorgestrel is a hormonal therapy that is commonly used for endometriosis to relieve pain but it can worsen the inflammatory process, so an adjuvant therapy is needed, such as propolis that contains high antioxidant level. This study used clinical trial design with random allocation and double-blinded. The study subject is 24 women that receive levonorgestrel therapy and were asked to consume propolis or placebo randomly two times a day with a dose of 1 drop/10 kg body weight (kgBW) per time. Blood samples were then taken after 4 weeks and serum separation was performed. Serum vitamin C levels were measured using spectrophotometric method and statistical analysis used independent t-test if the data were normally distributed. The result showed that there is a significant difference between the two groups (p<0,001), in which the concentration of serum vitamin C is higher in the propolis group (0,202+0,057) compared to the placebo group (0,069+0,028). In conclusion, the administration of propolis results in significantly higher serum vitamin C concentration after 4-week intervention."

"[ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan asupan vitamin A dan kadar retinol dengan status anemia pada dua kelompok ibu hamil trimester tiga, yaitu kelompok anemia dan non anemia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang yang dilaksanakan di sepuluh puskesmas kecamatan Jakarta Timur dan merupakan bagian dari penelitian besar Departemen Gizi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia yang berjudul “Peran Gizi, Faktor Maternal dan Pelayanan Kesehatan pada Ibu Hamil Trimester Ketiga terhadap Komposisi Mikrobiota Ibu dan Berat Lahir Bayi: Studi Kohort di Jakarta”. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada bulan April hingga Mei 2015. Sebanyak 113 subjek ibu hamil trimester tiga dengan usia kehamilan diatas 32 minggu ikut dalam penelitansetelah memenuhi kriteria penelitian dan dibagi dalam dua kelompok berdasarkan kadar hemoglobin yaitu anemia (Hb<11g/dL) dan non anemia (Hb≥11g/dL). Setelah itu dilakukan pengukuran antropometri, wawancara asupan, pemeriksaan hemoglobin, dan serum retinol. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi karakteristik demografi, antropometri, asupan makanan (makronutrien dan mikronutrien), kadar hemoglobin, dankadar serum retinol. Rentang usia subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah 19-44 tahun. Sebagian besar subjek (59,6%) memiliki tingkat pendidikan menengah (lulus SMP atau SMA). Rerata usia kehamilan pada subjek penelitian ini adalah 34,32 ± 1,86 minggu pada kelompok anemia dan 35,18±1,73 minggu pada kelompok non anemia.Rerata asupan protein pada kedua kelompok ibu masih berada di bawah AKG yaitu <77g/hari. Rerata asupan lemak pada kelompok anemia lebih tinggi daripada kelompok non anemia (p=0,04). Asupan Fe kedua kelompok sudah sesuai dengan AKG yaitu 40mg/hari (p=0,82). Asupan folat pada kelompok anemia lebih rendahdan kurang dari AKG dibandingkan kelompok non anemia (p=0,16).Asupan vitamin B12, hampir tidak ada perbedaan rerata antara dua kelompok dan sudah sesuai dengan AKG. Median asupan vitamin A pada kelompok non anemia lebih tinggi dari kelompok anemia (p=0,52). Rerata kadar retinol pada kelompok anemia adalah 1,40±0,50 dan pada kelompok non anemia adalah 1,45±0,44. (p=0,55).Tidak didapatkan hasil yang bermakna setelah dilakukan analisis multivariat sebagai kontrol perancu.

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ABSTRACTThe aim of the study was to determine the relationship between vitamin A and retinol levels with anemia status in two groups of three trimester pregnant women, namely the anemic and non anemic. This was a cross-sectional study conducted in ten sub-district Government Health Centre in East Jakarta and which part of a large research department of Nutrition Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, entitled "The Role of Nutrition, Maternal Factors and Maternal Health Services with the Composition of the Microbiota in Third Trimester Maternal and Infant Birth Weight : The study cohort in Jakarta". Data was collected from April untill May 2015. A total of 113 third trimester pregnant women with gestational age above 32 weeks (35.0 ± 1.8) were participated in research after met the study criterions. They were divided into two groups based on the levels of hemoglobin which were anemic (Hb<11g /dL) and non anemic(Hb≥ 11g / dL), and continue with anthropometric examination, interview and Hb measurement. The data collected included demographic characteristics, anthropometry, food intake (macronutrients and micronutrients), hemoglobin, and serum retinol. The age range of the subjects in this study was 19-44 years old. Most subjects (59.6%) had secondary education (graduated from high school or high school). The mean gestational age of the subjects was 34.32 ± 1.86 weeks in anemic group and 35.18 ± 1.73 weeks in non anemic. Mean of protein intake in both groups are still under RDA which < 77g/day. The mean of fat intake in anemic group was higher than non-anemic group (p=0.04). Iron intake in both groups are in accordance with the RDA which 40mg/day (p=0.82). Folate intake was lower in anemia group than non-anemic group (p=0.16). There was no difference between vitamin B12 intake in both group andwere in accordance with RDA. The median of vitamin A intake in non-anemic group was higher than non-anemic group (p = 0.52). The mean retinol serum levels in anemic group was 1.40 ± 0.50 and non-anemic group was 1.45 ± 0.44. (P = 0.55). No significant results obtained from multivariate analysis in order to control the confounders., The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between vitamin A and retinol levels with anemia status in two groups of three trimester pregnant women, namely the anemic and non anemic. This was a cross-sectional study conducted in ten sub-district Government Health Centre in East Jakarta and which part of a large research department of Nutrition Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, entitled "The Role of Nutrition, Maternal Factors and Maternal Health Services with the Composition of the Microbiota in Third Trimester Maternal and Infant Birth Weight : The study cohort in Jakarta". Data was collected from April untill May 2015. A total of 113 third trimester pregnant women with gestational age above 32 weeks (35.0 ± 1.8) were participated in research after met the study criterions. They were divided into two groups based on the levels of hemoglobin which were anemic (Hb<11g /dL) and non anemic(Hb≥ 11g / dL), and continue with anthropometric examination, interview and Hb measurement. The data collected included demographic characteristics, anthropometry, food intake (macronutrients and micronutrients), hemoglobin, and serum retinol. The age range of the subjects in this study was 19-44 years old. Most subjects (59.6%) had secondary education (graduated from high school or high school). The mean gestational age of the subjects was 34.32 ± 1.86 weeks in anemic group and 35.18 ± 1.73 weeks in non anemic. Mean of protein intake in both groups are still under RDA which < 77g/day. The mean of fat intake in anemic group was higher than non-anemic group (p=0.04). Iron intake in both groups are in accordance with the RDA which 40mg/day (p=0.82). Folate intake was lower in anemia group than non-anemic group (p=0.16). There was no difference between vitamin B12 intake in both group andwere in accordance with RDA. The median of vitamin A intake in non-anemic group was higher than non-anemic group (p = 0.52). The mean retinol serum levels in anemic group was 1.40 ± 0.50 and non-anemic group was 1.45 ± 0.44. (P = 0.55). No significant results obtained from multivariate analysis in order to control the confounders.]"