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"Sulawesi is the biggest and the most important island in Wallacea. This island has many endemic species including macaques. Seven species of macaques are recognized endemic in Sulawesi. There are Macaca maura, M. tonkeana, M. ochreata, M. brunnescens, M. hecki, M. nigrescens and M. nigra. Compared to the other species of macaques in Sulawesi, M. tonkeana is more secure because its population decline its not as high as the others. But, the increase of human population around macaques habitat and the changing of forest structure and composition are the biggest threat for their lives. Forest destruction and habitat loss also occured in Lore Lindu National Park, Central Sulawesi. Forest clearance for cocoa and coffee plantations are the cases which found more in that area. Besides that, exploitation of timber, especially rattan is the most common human activity. Those cases will jeopardize the population of wildlife including M. tonkeana. Although the extinction risk of M. tonkeana is not readily evident at the moment, the increasing human activities in Lore Lindu National Park may present a serious threat to these endemic species. The main objectives in this study were to estimate the population density of M. tonkeana in two different habitats, and to know the characteristics of the habitat in that study area. The study was conducted in Lindu Land, Lore Lindu National Park, Central Sulawesi. The two study sites including (1) forest which does not have any land clearance for agriculture but reveices human disturbance such as timber exploitation especially rattan (two transect of 2,5 km and 3 km) and (2) forest which is disturbed by agricultural clearance (two transect of 2,3 km and 3 km). Data collection was carried out from November 2002 to February 2003. To estimate population density of M. tonkeana, replication of forest line transect were walked. These involved slow, quiet walkings, with stop every 100 meter to visually scan the forest and listen for sound. All individuals and groups sigthed were recorded, and measurements of the average visual distance on either side of transect line to provide an estimate of area covered were taken. Vegetation study plots were established to study the composition and structure habitat of M. tonkeana. Twenty seven plots of 20 x 20 m were located in the forest and twenty six in agricultural forest. In each plot, all trees  10 cm diameter-at-breast height (DBH) were identified to species and precisely measured. Sample species were collected and identified at the Herbarium Bogoriense, Bogor. From those data, species and family important value, species diversity and similarity index were calculated. The result indicated that supply of food for M. tonkeana in their habitat had effect on their density. Population density of M. tonkeana in the agricultural forest habitat was higher than in the forest habitat. In forest habitat, the density were 0.97 ± 0.52 groups/km2 and 8.70 ± 7.49 individuals/km2 while agricultural forest had higher estimated population of 1.36 ± 0.31 groups/km2 and 14.09 ± 5.37 individuals/km2. Seven species of figs as keystone source for vertebrates frugivorous were found in agricultural forest with total individuals were twelve. In the forest, five figs were found in total nine individuals. The diversity index for food trees in the agriculture forest habitat (2,4130) was higher than forest habitat (2,0591). Macaques can find more varieties of food in agricultural forest, because there were many agricultural products. The results shows that supply of food and human activities in the habitat of macaques had an influence to the density of macaques. Forest clearance for agricultural made macaques loss their habitat and diversity of foods. Exploitation of timber especially rattan also disturbed the macaques."

"Kawasan Taman Nasional Kepulauan Seribu terletak 45 km sebelah utara Kota Jakarta. Jumlah keseluruhan pulau sebanyak 76 pulau yang terbagi dalam empat zona yaitu zona inti, zona perlindungan, zona pemanfaatan (intensif dan tradisional) dan zona penyangga. Zonasi diberlakukan dengan pertimbangan perairan disekitar pulau memiliki kekayaan sumberdaya alam seperti terumbu karang dan biota laut lainnya. Zona pemanfaatan dapat dimanfaatkan untuk kepentingan wisata dan permukinian dengan mempertimbangkan konservasi lingkungan.Dalam realitanya, terjadi penyimpangan pemanfaatan pulau, bangunan-bangunan yang berada di zona pemanfaatan dan aktivitas wisata yang dijalankan di Pulau Putri dan Pulau Matahari tidak sesuai dengan strategi konservasi sesuai amanat UU No 5 Tahun 1990 dan PP No 18 Tahun 1994. Hal ini terjadi karena pemanfaatan pulau jauh lebih berkembang dibandingkan peraturan yang muncul belakangan. Tumpang tindihnya kewenangan dalam hal pengembangan pulau antara Pemda DKI dan Departemen Kehutanan, membuat rendahnya penegakan peraturan (law enforment). Pihak swasta selama ini hanya mengacu kepada peraturan yang dikeluarkan oleh DKI Jakarta yaitu SK Gubenur 1814 Tahun 1989 dan Perda No 11 Tahun 1992.Dengan kondisi tersebut, pengembangan pulau wisata di zona pemanfaatan intensif, berdasarkan SWOT analisis harus dilakukan reorentasi pengembangan. Pola pengembangan yang dijalankan selama ini cenderung memberikan ancaman terutama dalam kerusakan alam. Namun, pulau-pulau wisata memiliki kekuatan (strength) untuk bisa dikembangkan, terutama dalam hal potensi yang dimiliki. Langkah yang bisa dilakukana adalah melakukan diversifikasi jenis pariwisata yang telah dijalankan selama ini. Jika diversifikasi dijalankan, maka arah pemanfaatan pulau akan lebih memberikan manfaat bagi pulau itu sendiri maupun stakeholder lain yaitu masyarakat dan pemerintah baik untuk masa sekarang maupun masa mendatang.Diversifikasi yang bisa dilakukan terhadap pemanfaatan pulau adalah reorientasi jenis pariwisata yaitu, diantaranya adalah ekowisata, suatu perjalanan wisata ke area alami yang dilakukan dengan tujuan mengkonservasi Iingkungan dan melestarikan kehidupan dan kesejahteraan masyarakat setempat. Konsep ekowisata sepenuhnya bisa dijalankan sepenuhnya, bagi pulau-pulau yang belum (operasional) berjalan. Sementara untuk pulau-pulau yang sudah dimanfaatkan, secara bertahap di alihkan konsepnya sebagai ekowisata. Dengan konsep ekowisata, maka ancaman berupa kerusakan lingkungan yang diakibatkan oleh aktifitas pengembangan dan wisata dapat diminimalisir. Karena pada hakekatnya ekowisata merupakan bentuk wisata yang dikelola dengan pendekatan konservasi. Ekowisata lebih mempergunakan pendekatan pelestarian dibandingkan pemanfaatan.

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Thousand Islands National Park region is situated 45 km Northern Jakarta. The number of Islands consist of 76 islands which are divided into 4 zones. They are core zone, protection zone utilization zone (intensive and traditional) and support zone. Zonation is implemented considering the oceans along the islands contain natural resources; such as coral and other creature of sea. The utilization zone can be called upon the tourism interests and dwelling with consideration of environment conservation.In reality, there are deviations of the Island utilization; buildings placed in the utilization zone and tourism activities carried out in Putri Island and Matahari Island are compatible with the conservation strategy that is act no 5 ! 1990 and government law no 8 ! 1994. These happen because the making use of the islands develop faster than the regulations that come later. The over laping authority in developing the islands between Pemda DKI and Forestry Department causes the weakness of law enforcement. So far, private sectors have just referred to the regulations issued by Jakarta Local District, Governor's decree 1814 1989 and Perda no 11/1992.Under such circumstances and based on SWOT analysis, the development of tourism islands in the intensive utilisation zone extremely needs a development reorientation. The pattern of the development which has been carried on so far prone to give threats specifically in the nature destruction . But tourism islands own strength to be exploited especially in their potentials. Diversifying types of tourism which have been performed so far can be a good step to be implemented. if it works, the make use of the islands will give more benefit to either the islands themselves or other stakeholders, they are the community and the government for either today or future.Diversification that is possible to be applied is reorienting types of tourism among others; ecotourism; a tourism trip to natural areas intended to the environment conservation, life preservation and local community welfare. Ecotourism consept is fully accessible to be implemented to the operationally not in progress island. In the meantime, by steps, the concept of the in progress islands can be shit 0d to be ecotourism one. Throught this concept all kinds of threats such as environment destruction caused by the activities of developing and tours can be minimized. Basically, otourism is a form of tourism which is managed through the conservation approach. Ecotourism put to use more preservation than utilization."

"Dicksonia blumei (Paku Kidang) is one of the Indonesian priority species of conservation. A natural habitat study was carried out by purposive sampling method in Tapak hill, Bedugul, Bali. Three plots of 20 x 20 m were laid for trees and 2 x 2 m for understorey plants. Results showed that Dicksonia blumei (Paku Kidang) in Tapak Hill grows on environments with physical condition as follow: altitude 1,754±1,794 m asl, land slope 7±10%, soil pH 6.4±7, soil moisture 50±75%, air temperature 20.5±22.3 °C, relative humidity 83.2±87.5% and light intensity 618±10,003 Lux. Characters of Biotic environment is explained based on Important Value Index (IVI). Five trees with highest IVI were Cyathea latebrosa (IVI 98.7), Saurauia bracteosa (IVI 51.9), Astronia spectabilis (IVI 42.7), Dicksonia blumei (IVI 39.6), and Homalanthus giganteus (IVI 35.3). The same figure for understorey were Pilea sp. (IVI 61.9), Selaginella sp. (IVI 40,6), Athyrium asperum (IVI 27.5), Pteris tripartita (IVI 18.3) and Rubus sp. IVI (15.0). In Tapak hill, the occurrence of D. blumei along with Cyathea latebrosa seems to be associated with cyathea[ê öåµvl ê a substrate for the spores of D. blumei to germinate as well as the next growth stages. At the phase gametophyte and young sporophyte, D. blumei ö ê v â]âZ«ö }v«öZ[ê öåµvl ö Z]PZö }( ÏUÒ± ÌUÒ u (å}u öZ På}µvX]lê}v][ê å}}ö åaches the soil, it will grow terrestrially (hemi±epiphyte). �����������"

"Kawasan konservasi suatu Taman Nasional merupakan zona konservasi yang harus dikelola berdasarkan sistem zoning menurut Undang-Undang No.5 Tahun 1990 dan ketentuan Internasional yang telah dideklarasikan pada The IVth World Congress on National Park and Protected Area di Caracas, Venezuela 1992.Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon telah ditetapkan sebagai Warisan Alam Dunia oleh Badan Intemasional UNESCO (1992) dan terdaftar pada Buku Merah International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources 1 IUCN (1994) karena merupakan kawasan konservasi bagi habitat terakhir Badak Jawa (Rhinoceros sondaicus) di dunia yang dikategorikan langka.Analisis Kesenjangan merupakan suatu pendekatan spasial yang digunakan untuk mengetahui secara dimensi keruangan tingkat keakuratan dari keberadaan suatu spesies dengan komunitas alamnya dalam suatu kawasan yang dikonservasi dengan menggunakan metode penggabungan antara teknik remote sensing, teknik sistem informasi geografis dan metode skala pengharkatan.Penelitian dengan judul " Analisis Kesenjangan Zonasi Pengelolaan Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon Berdasarkan Sebaran Badak Jawa (Rhinoceros sondaicus) " ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kesenjangan yang terjadi terhadap zonasi pengelolaan kawasan konservasi Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon berdasarkan pendekatan biogeografi dan pertimbangan biogeofisik.Sasaran yang ingin dicapai melalui pendekatan analisis kesenjangan ini adalah mengetahui distribusi spasial zona sensitifitas, distribusi wilayah kesesuaian habitat Badak Jawa (Rhinoceros sondaicus), dan mengetahui besaran kesenjangan yang terjadi antara wilayah kesesuaian habitat Badak Jawa (Rhinoceros sondaicus) dan zona sangat sensitif terhadap zona pengelolaan kawasan konservasi Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon PHPA.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa diperoleh zona sensilifitas untuk kelas sangat sensitif seluas 8.608 ha, wilayah kesesuaian habitat Badak Jawa (Rhinoceros sondaicus) seluas 3.734 ha. Kesenjangan terjadi sebesar 33,22% atas zona konservasi sangat sensitif dan wilayah kesesuaian Badak Jawa (Rhinoceros sondaicus) terhadap zona pengelolaan kawasan konservasi Taman Nasional Ujungkulon I PHPA.

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National Parks as nature conservations are defined as areas having natural ecosystems which are managed through zoning systems. These systems are based on the 1990 Act 5 and international regulation and was declared by the IVth World Congress on National Parks and Protected Areas which was held in Caracas, Venezuela, 1992.

Ujung Kulon National Park was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO (1992) and registered by The International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources 1 IUCN Red List Categories (1994) as the last habitat for the "Endangered" Javan Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus).

Gap Analysis is a spatial approach of identifying the accuracy of spatial dimension of community species in natural conservation areas. As a spatial approach, Gap Analysis presents a combined methodology provided by Remote Sensing, Geographic Information Systems and Leopold Interaction Matrix Methodology.

The purpose for the study of " Gap Analysis in The Zoning Management System of Ujung Kulon National Park Indicated by Java Rhinoceros(Rhinoceros sondaicus) " was to seek the gap occurring between the zoning management system of Ujung Kulon National Park and a system based on the biogeographically approach and biophysical geography consideration.

The aim of the Gap Analysis approach was to find the ecosystem spatial distribution of Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon by (1) providing the spatial distribution of the sensitive zoning conservation area in Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon, (2) providing the habitat suitability for the Java Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus) and (3) to seek the gap width between the sensitive extremely area plus the area of habitat suitability for the Java Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus) and the areas defined by the zoning management system of PHPA.

The results of the study indicated the sensitive extremely zoning conservation area is 8.608 ha, the habitat suitability for the Java Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus) is 3.734 ha thus a 33,22 % gap occurred between the sensitive extremely area plus the areas of habitat suitability for Java Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus) and the area to those defined by the zoning management system of PHPA"

"Telah dilakukan studi habitat konservasi ex-situ berupa penangkaran rusa timor di Universitas Indonesia (UI). Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk meneliti habitat rusa timor di UI berupa aspek fisik dan biologi rusa berdasarkan PP. No 7 Tahun 1999 dan PP No. 8 Tahun 1999. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode observasi, kuesioner dan membandingkannya dengan kawasan penangkaran Ranca Upas, Ciwidey. Hasil yang didapatkan adalah kondisi kawasan penangkaran rusa timor di UI belum memenuhi standar kawasan penangkaran. Jumlah populasi seharusnya 1 ha hanya untuk 10 ekor saat ini hidup 36 ekor. Rasio jantan : betina 1:4 di UI terdapat 11:16. Standar kesehatan kawasan belum memadai, tidak aman, tidak nyaman, serta tidak ada tenaga ahli dalam administrasi dan kesehatan. Universitas Indonesia harus memperbaiki fisik habitat dan sistem administrasi pengelolaan dan perlu menunjuk ahli pada bidang konservasi dan kesehatan. Pelaksanaan konservasi ex-situ berupa penangkaran harus memperhatikan ekosistem berupa daya dukung lingkungan, kontrol populasi, asupan makanan, naungan dan tempat kawin.

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Habitat study has been conducted at ex-situ conservation (captive breeding) of timor deer (Cervus timorensis) in Campus Universitas Indonesia (UI). The purpose of this study is to investigate whether timor deer habitat in UI based on physical and biological aspects of standardized deer habitat in captive breeding according to government rules PP. No 7 /1999 and PP No. 8 /1999. The methods used are habitat observation, and questionnaire, then the result is compared to the other timor deer captive breeding area, Ranca Upas, Ciwidey. Based on observations of deer habitat in UI, the physical conditions and maintenance are not qualified as a captive breeding area. The home range area for 1 ha is only for 10 heads, but at UI there are 36 heads; the sex ratio male:female 1:4 but in the UI field 11:16. The UI field is unsafe and uncomfortable, and the animal health standard is low and it has no expert hired for administrative and medical care. Universitas Indonesia should improve the habitat, need experts for administrative work such as labeling, certification, and listing on the book of pedigree (studbook) and tagging, and for genetic diversity preservation. The implementation of the ex-situ conservation must consider the ecosystem, carrying capacity, population control, food supply, shelter, and breeding."

"Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelimpahan, keanekaragaman, kemerataan, dan kesamaan jenis antar empat tipe habitat di Kampus UI, Depok. Penelitian menggunakan metode transek pada 11 lokasi pengamatan. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan indeks keanekaragaman Shanon-Wienner, indeks kemerataan, dan indeks kesamaan jenis antar tipe habitat. Kupu-kupu yang berhasil terkoleksi dan teramati sejumlah 856 individu yang termasuk ke dalam 46 spesies. Leptosia nina adalah jenis yang ditemukan di semua lokasi pengamatan dan Ypthima philomella adalah jenis yang paling melimpah (158 individu). Indeks keanekaragaman jenis tertinggi terdapat pada lokasi penelitian Hutan Kota titik 7 (H? = 2,81) dan terendah di Tanah Lapang Boulevard (H? = 1,21). Indeks kemerataan jenis tertinggi pada lokasi penelitian Hutan Kota titik 6 (E = 0.92), sedangkan yang terendah pada lokasi penelitian Tanah Lapang Boulevard (E = 0,49). Nilai indeks kesamaan jenis kupu-kupu antar lokasi penelitian tertinggi pada Hutan Kota 4 dan Hutan Kota 7 (IS = 0,71), sedangkan yang terendah pada Hutan Kota titik 6 dan Tanah Lapang Boulevard (IS = 0,15).

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A study of butterflies community was conducted in University of Indonesia Campus, Depok. The purpose of this study was to assess abundance, species diversity, evenness, and community similarities at four type of habitat located in University of Indonesia Campus, Depok. Observation were carried out in a standard transect method at 11 sites of habitats. Number of individuals of each species butterfly found in the transects were recorded. Data were analyzed using Shannon-Wienner diversity index, evenness index, and Sorensen index of similarities. This study observed 856 individuals of butterflies which consist of 47 species. Leptosia nina was found in all transects. Ypthima philomella was the most abundant species (158 individuals). The highest species diversity index was found in the urban forest at location 7 (H '= 2.81), and the lowest was in the open space area at Boulevard (H' = 1.21). The highest evenness index (E) was observed in the urban forest at location 6 (E = 0.92), and the lowest was the open space area at Boulevard (E = 0.49). This study found that the urban forest at location 4 and 7 had the highest similarity index (IS = 0.71), and the lowest was found between the urban forest at location 6 and the open space area at Boulevard (IS = 0.15)."

"ABSTRAKPembangunan nasional yang berwawasan lingkungan hidup merupakan pemanfaatan sumber daya alam secara bertanggung jawab. Sumber daya alam merupakan wujud dari keserasian ekosistem dan keserasian unsur-unsur pembentuknya yang diperlukan sebagai modal dasar pembangunan nasional yang wajib dikelola secara bijaksana, sehingga penggunaan dan pemanfaatannya dapat berlangsung secara lestari, seimbang, selaras dan serasi. Oleh karena itu diperlukan upaya konservasi, sehingga sumber daya alam yang menjadi tempat bergantung keberlangsungan hidup manusia tidak akan habis dan punah. Salah satu bentuk perhatian pemerintah terhadap masalah konservasi adalah dikeluarkannya UU No.5 Tahun 1990. Salah satu konservasi daratan adalah konservasi hutan yang meliputi suaka alam, hutan wisata, hutan lindung dan Taman Nasional (Atmawidjaya, 1991:3).Taman Nasional Lore Lindu merupakan salah satu taman nasional yang terletak di Sulawesi Tengah, yang ditetapkan berdasarkan SK Mentan No. 429/kpts/org/7/1978 sebagai kawasan pelestarian alam eselon IV yang kemudian pada Kongres Taman Nasional Sedunia ke-3 di Bali, 14 Oktober 1982 ditetapkan sebagai Taman Nasional dengan luas areal 229.000 ha, berdasarkan Surat Pernyataan Menteri Pertanian No. 736/Mentan/X/1982.Kelestarian kawasan Taman Nasional Lore Lindu makin terancam oleh perambahan yang terus meningkat dan menurunnya sumber daya alam yang dikandung serta minimnya pengembangan sarana-sarana konservasi.Pelanggaran-pelanggaran yang sering terjadi adalah pencurian rotan, penebangan kayu, perkebunan rakyat dalam kawasan terlarang, serta perburuan satwa langka.Dalam taman nasional ini terdapat empat desa yang telah ditetapkan sebagai enclave atau daerah kantong. Mereka hidup di wilayah ini sejak berabad-abad yang lalu, sebelum kawasan ini ditetapkan sebagai kawasan konservasi. Penduduk diperkenankan untuk memanfaatkan lahan yang ada di sekitarnya dalam batas-batas tertentu yang disebut Zona Pemanfaatan Tradisional. Keberadaan penduduk yang saat ini berjumlah lebih kurang 2756 jiwa atau terdapat sejumlah 648 KK dengan luas zona pemanfaatan tradisional yang disediakan lebih kurang 10.000 ha. Luas keempat desa tersebut 279 km2 (27.900 ha), adanya pertambahan penduduk akan mengakibatkan kawasan ini peka terhadap pelanggaran sebab jumlah penduduk akan terus bertambah. Tetapi pada sisi lain dalam kebiasaan-kebiasaan hidup mereka sehari-hari terdapat nilai-nilai yang sangat mendukung program konservasi, yang merupakan cerminan kearifan orang-orang Lindu dalam berinteraksi dengan alam. Dengan kondisi alam dan sarana transportasi yang sangat minim membuat mereka terisolasi dari wilayah lainnya. Satu-satunya sarana transportasi untuk sampai ke wilayah ini adalah dengan berkuda. Adat istiadat mereka yang masih kuat berlaku, belum banyak terpengaruh dengan budaya lain. Kebiasaan-kebiasaan, kepercayaan-kepercayaan terutama yang berkaitan dengan alam hingga kini masih ditaati.Undang-undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1990 adalah undang-undang yang khusus mengatur masalah konservasi sumber daya alam.Pelaksanaan peraturan di bidang konservasi belum efektif berlaku dalam Taman Nasional Lore Lindu; prinsip dan nilai tradisional yang hidup di kalangan masyarakat Lore Lindu berpengaruh pada strategi pengelolaan taman nasional; keterbatasan sarana dan prasarana merupakan salah satu sebab potensial timbulnya berbagai pelanggaran terhadap kawasan taman nasional. Ketiga hal diatas merupakan hipotesis kerja yang mempedomani penulis dalam melakukan penelitian.Lokasi penelitian meliputi keempat desa yang berada dalam enclave Dataran Lindu, Kec. Kulawi, Kab. Donggala.Tipe penelitian ini adalah deskriptif yaitu menggambarkan tentang pelaksanaan peraturan di bidang konservasi sumber daya alam dan ekosistem pada Taman Nasional Lore Lindu dan kebiasaan masyarakat yang masih berlaku yang erat kaitannya dengan konsep konservasi.Untuk mendapatkan data primer digunakan pengamatan, wawancara dan partisipasi terbatas. Pengamatan diarahkan pada apakah prinsip-prinsip yang hidup dalam masyarakat pedesaan Dataran Lindu masa lalu masih ada pada saat ini dan apakah prinsip-prinsip tersebut dapat menunjang pelestarian sumber daya alam hayati dan ekosistem yang ada dalam taman nasional, sebagaimana dapat dilihat dalam tingkah laku serta keputusan mereka sehari-hari. Dalam wawancara, pertanyaan-pertanyaan yang diajukan tidak mempunyai struktur tertentu tetapi selalu terpusat pada pedoman wawancara. Responden terdiri atas dua golongan yaitu masyarakat yang tinggal dalam enclave dan staf pengelola taman nasional. Dari kalangan masyarakat diambil 10% dari jumlah Kepala keluarga masing-masing desa dan anggota Lembaga Adat Dataran Lindu yang berjumlah 7 (tujuh) orang. Staf pengelola taman nasional yang diwawancarai disesuaikan dengan tugas atau jabatannya, yang terdiri atas; Kepala Sub Balai Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam yang merangkap Pemimpin Proyek Taman Nasional, staf administrasi dan Jagawana/Polisi Hutan yang berada di lokasi taman nasional. Partisipasi terbatas dilakukan dengan tinggal beberapa lamanya di desa yang menjadi fokus penelitian.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah:Mengetahui faktor penghambat dan faktor pendukung dalam upaya pengelolaan Taman Nasional Lore Lindu; Menginventarisasi nilai-nilai tradisional yang berkaitan dengan program konservasi; Untuk mengetahui sejauhmana pelaksanaan UU No. 5 Tahun 1990 dalam upaya optimalisasi pengelolaan Taman Nasional Lore Lindu.Analisis normatif dilakukan dengan mengklasifikasi peraturan-peraturan yang terkait atas dasar kronologi kemudian dianalisis dengan mempergunakan pengertian-pengertian dasar dari sistem hukum yang mencakup subyek hukum, hubungan hukum, hak dan kewajiban. Dengan demikian dapat dilihat apakah peraturanperaturan tentang konservasi sudah efektif berlaku pada Taman Nasional Lore Lindu.Kesimpulan yang diperoleh dari hasil penelitian ini adalah masyarakat Lindu telah mempraktekkan sebagian dari prinsip-prinsip konservasi yang ada dalam peraturan perundang-undangan. Hal ini terbukti dengan adanya nilai-nilai dalam kepercayaan masyarakat Lindu yang sudah lama dikenal dan dipraktekkan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari yang secara tidak langsung mendukung program konservasi. Nilai-nilai tersebut merupakan cerminan kearifan orang Lindu dalam berhubungan dengan alam.

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ABSTRACT

The national sustainable development is a development, which utilizes the natural resources in a responsible manner. Natural resources are the continuation of their constituents required as a fundamental capital for the national development, which should be operated on discretionally such that its utilization and its benefits could be continuously carried on and balanced. Therefore conservation is needed, so that the natural resources, which constitute the location on which human existence depends on, should not be used up.

One of the concerns of the Government on the issue of conservation is the law provision No.5, 1990. One of the land conservation is the forest conservation, which has conveyed of natural preservation, landscape forestry, reservatory forest and the national parks (Atmawidjaya 1991:3).

The National Park Of Lore Lindu is situated in Central Sulawesi, which was established through the Decree of the Minister of Agriculture No. 427/kpts/org/7/1978 as the zone of natural conservation classification IV which then in the third World Congress of National Parks in Bali on October 14th, 1982 was set up as a national park covering an area of 229,000 ha based on the Decree of the Minister of Agriculture No 736/Mentan/X/1982.

The Lore Lindu National Park has been increasingly threatened by the increasing deforestation and the decline of natural resources while the facilities used for conservation are absolutely limited.

In this national park there were found four villages were established as the enclaves or pocket zones. They have been living in the zones since centuries ago, prior to the establishment of these zones as a conservation area. The people have been allowed to take the advantages of the existing area surrounding properly the area called is the intensive use zone (traditional zone). The recent is population is 2758 people and/or 648 of heads of households with the traditional beneficiaries zone covering an area of 10.000 hectare of the Lindu enclave area (145.000 ha). It is potential to make this zone prone to violations due to the increasing number of the population. But on the other hand, in their customary daily living, there were found a set of values, which support the conservation program, and reflect the wisdom of local people in their interaction with the nature. The condition of nature and the minimum availability of transportation facilities, make them isolated from the other areas.

The Main transportation facility used in the intensive zone is horses. Their customary wisdom, which is strongly prevailing, is not influenced by other cultures. Indigenous knowledge that related to nature still exists.

The Act No. 5/1990 is the provision, which is, aimed at solving the problems of conservation of natural resources. The implementation of this provision has not yet been effective; there are principles and traditional values existing among the community. The limitations of facilities and planned facilities are the potential causes of the various problems relating with the zone of Lore Lindu National Park.

The three things in my hypothesis become the guideline in conducting this research.

The research location covers four villages from the enclave of Lindu, the district of Kulawi, Donggala. The type of this research is descriptive which tries to describe the implementation of provision concerning conservation of the living resources and use of the ecosystem in Lore Lindu National Park in relation with prevailing traditional customs of local community related to the concept of conservation.

To get the primary data, participant observation and limited interviews and are conducted.

The observation was conducted towards the existing values of the local community of Lindu Plateau of the past and the principles supporting the continuation of living resources and its ecosystem, as seen in their daily living. In the interviews, the questions did not have specific structure but were always focused on the interviews guidance. The respondents had consisted of two groups, i.e., the community members living in the enclave and the operational staff members of national park.

They are 10% of the population from each village and 7 members of the institute of traditional customs of Lindu Plateau. The operational staff members consist of The head of Sub Chamber of Natural Resources Conservation; administration Staff members and the Security Staff of Lore Lindu national park.

Limited participation is occasionally carried out in the villages during this research.

The objectives of the research are to find out:

a. The retarding and supporting factors in the effort of supporting the of Lore Lindu National Park management.

b. To what extent the implementation of Act No 5, 1990, is effectively implemented in the effort of optimally the management of the Lore Lindu National Park.

The data analysis is carried out qualitatively concerning the support of several theories

Explaining the correlation between the law and the principles of traditional beliefs (indigenous knowledge).

The conclusion of this research is that the Lindu community has practiced part of the conservation principles found in the jurisprudence. This matter has been attested by the existence of values in the belief of Lindu community, which have long been known and practised, in daily living and indirectly supporting the conservation program. These values have been the reflection of the wisdom of Lindu people in their inter-course with the nature.

The provision of the jurisprudence in the field of conservation has not yet been implemented optimally; several important things found in the provisions have not yet been carried out in the operation of Lore Lindu National Park. Facilities and planned facilities are very inadequate and becoming a retarding factor in operating and developing this national park. The supporting factor in operating and developing this national park is the existence of values of traditional customs of the local community, which supports the conservation program, and reflects their wisdom in their intercourse with the nature."

"Ancaman perburuan dan perdagangan ilegal disertai kerusakan habitat, menempatkan trenggiling jawa Manis javanica, Desmarest 1822 sebagai salah satu spesies mammalia yang terancam punah. Sementara itu, informasi mengenai ekologi spesies tersebut belum banyak tersedia sehingga menyulitkan upaya konservasinya di alam. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menggambarkan penggunaan habitat trenggiling jawa di Stasiun Penelitian Way Canguk, Taman Nasional Bukit Barisan Selatan, Lampung, Sumatra, Indonesia. Keberadaan trenggiling jawa diketahui dari data enam puluh kamera jebak yang dioperasikan selama rentang waktu 2010 hingga 2017, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan metode pemodelan okupansi melalui perangkat lunak PRESENCE untuk memperoleh nilai Proportion of Area Occupied PAO. Analisis okupansi berdasarkan keempat belas lokasi kamera penjebak yang merekam keberadaan trenggiling jawa serta kamera yang tidak merekam keberadaan trenggiling jawa deteksi/non-deteksi menghasilkan nilai PAO 0,769 0,005 dan nilai probabilitas deteksi 0,040 0,005. Faktor yang memengaruhi okupansi trenggiling jawa adalah keberadaan liana pada pohon =0.212 0.256, sementara itu probabilitas deteksi trenggiling jawa dipengaruhi oleh Rerata DBH pohon, keberadaan sumber pakan, jumlah spesies pohon, persentase tutupan semak, persentase tutupan tajuk, dan keberadaan manusia.

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The threats of poaching, illegal trade,and habitat destruction putting the Sunda Pangolin Manis javanica, Desmarest 1822 as one of the critically endangered mammal species. Meanwhile, information about this species is not widely available and thus make conservation efforts of sunda pangolin is more complicated. This research was conducted to study the habitat use of sunda pangolin in Way Canguk Research Station, Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, Lampung, Sumatra, Indonesia. The data of the sunda pangolins were taken from sixty camera traps deployed during 2010 to 2017, the data then analyzed using occupancy modeling through PRESENCE software to obtain the value of Proportion of Area Occupied PAO.

Occupancy analysis based on the presence and absence detection non detection of sunda pangolin in camera traps resulted in PAO values of 0.769 0.005 and detection probability values 0.040 0.005. Factor that affected the occupancy of sunda pangolin is the presence of liana in the trees 0.212 0.256, and factors that affecting the probability of detection are mean DBH of trees, feeding source, the number of tree species, the percentage of understorey, the percentage of canopy cover, and the presence of human."

"The research was aimed to understand the habitat characteristics and fish assemblages at four fishery reserve areas of the Barito river basin Kalimantan in the south of during June-Desember 2004...."

"ABSTRAKSkripsi ini merupakan hasil penelitian kehidupan Monyet Buton (Iiacaca biunnesceris) di Suaka Margasatwa Buton Utra, Sulawesi Tenggara. maksud dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan mempelajari tingkah laku ekologi dan soslal kelompok Monyet Buton dalam memanfaatkan habitatnya.Dalam menjalankan aktivitas hariannya, Monyet Buton bergerak rata-rata sejauh 1.074,83 m setiap harinya. Radius maksimum daerah jelajah hariannya rata-rata sejauh 560 m. Jarak perjalanan harian yang ditempuh Monyet Buton tidak berkorelasi positif dengan jarak perpindahan lokasi tempat tidurnya, tetapi berkorelasi positif dengan radius maksimum daerah jelajah hariannya.Aktivitas makan kelompok Monyet Buton mencapai puncaknya dua kali dalam satu hari, pada pagi hari dan sore harinya. Mornyet Buton tidak memakan buah yang banyak mengandung getah dan terlalu keras. Tajuk-tajuk pohon di lapisan tengah paling sering dimanfaatkan monyet Buton. Tajuk-tajuk pohon pada lapisan tengah ini relatif lebih rapat, satu sama lain hampir saling bersentuhan, dan percabanganya yang banyak dan cenderung horizontal. Sumber makan Monyet Buton juga tersedia melimpah pada lapisan tajuk tengah ini. Pergerakan quadrupedal paling sering terlihat ketika Monyet Buton tengah melakukan aktivitas makan dan jelajah.Monyet Buton tidur pada pohon-pohon yang tumbuh di tempat-tempat yang sedikit terbuka. Pohon-pohon yang dimanfaatkan Monyet Buton biasanya berdaun tidak terlalu lebat, tinggi dan besar, bercabang banyak, tidak berduri, dan tidak dililit liana.Kepadatan populasi monyet Buton di Suaka Margasatwa Buton Utara adalah 36,9 indlvidu per km , dengn ukuran kelompok 13 sampai 21 individu pada setiap kelompoknya. Perbandingan jumlah individu jantan-dewasa terhadap betina dewasa dalam kelompoknya rata-rata adalah 1,4 : 1. kelompok Monyet Buton di Suaka Margasatwa Buton Utara mempunyai daerah jelajah kira-kira seluas 40 ha. Rangkong Sulawesi (Rhyticeros cassidix) merupakan kompetitor utama Monyet Buton, sedangkan interaksinya dengan sejenis Burung Sriguntirig (Dicrurus celebensis dan B. hottntotus) belum jelas.ABSTRACT"