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"Questo volume di ecocardiografia si propone di trattare il tema della valvola mitrale nei suoi aspetti normali e patologici, aggiornandone la trattazione in base ai più recenti sviluppi della tecnologia. L’approccio interdisciplinare nella diagnosi e nella scelta dei trattamenti ha caratterizzato il taglio medico-divulgativo dell’opera e il linguaggio chiaro e conciso del testo, rivolto anche ai cardiologi clinici e non ai soli ecocardiografisti. Ampio spazio è dedicato quindi all’eziologia e alla fisiopatologia della valvulopatia mitralica."

"Dopo esserci occupati della comunicazione degli esami radiologici nei Pazienti degenti in Ospedale, riteniamo opportuno trattarla anche in quelli ambulatoriali; in modo da completare l'argomento e integrare gli ambiti sanitari. Infatti, negli ambulatori convenzionati vengono effettuate prestazioni sanitarie, che l'Ospedale non è in grado di erogare, anche e soprattutto a Utenti, cioè a persone in apparente benessere, con le seguenti caratteristiche: -comunicazione di stato di malattia in fase pre-clinica,cioè asintomatica; -comunicazione di negatività in presunto malato; -richiamo ad adeguato stile di vita (cultura della salute); -educazione sanitaria. Tutto ciò implica l'integrazione multi-disciplinare (Radiologo, Psicologo, Eticista, Economista, etc..) e l'applicazione di modelli comunicativi-sia di metodo che applicativi-finalizzati e specifici."

"La terapia antibiotica è un campo della medicina in continua evoluzione ed è al centro di dibattiti sempre vivi. Tema assai delicato, oggi più che mai, è l’importanza di un uso calibrato e razionale degli antimicrobici che limiti il rischio di resistenze batteriche e preservi l’efficacia delle cure. La comparsa di nuovi patogeni ha spinto la comunità scientifica a riconsiderare molti aspetti delle terapie, e proprio di tutte queste novità il volume fornisce un attento aggiornamento.Per facilitare la consultazione questa guida raggruppa le informazioni secondo diversi criteri di ricerca: per distretti corporei, per tipologia di microbo e per classi di farmaci. In questo modo il medico, a seconda delle circostanze, può trovare rapidamente i dettagli essenziali dei diversi farmaci e deciderne l’impiego più opportuno. Completa il volume anche una sezione sul controverso tema degli antibiotici in gravidanza."

"ABSTRAKNervus optikus merupakan saraf kranial kedua, mempersyarafi bola mata, yang terdiri dari selubung dan serabut nervus optikus didalamnya Diameter nervus optikus dapat bervariasi dipengaruhi oleh berbagai sebab yaitu ras, etnik, jenis kelamin atau karena sebab lain yaitu inflamasi, tumor, trauma ataupun penekanan nervus optikus akibat massa disekitarnya. Selubung nervus optikus dapat dinilai rasionya dan dapat dipengaruhi nilainya bila terdapat peningkatan tekanan intrakranial. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui rerata nervus optikus serta rasio selubung dan nervus optikus dengan pemeriksaan MRI pada usia lebih dari 18 tahun sejumlah 64 nervus optikus dari 32 pasien (16 laki-laki dan 16 perempuan) untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat perbedaan antara laki-laki dan permpuan. Pasien dianamnesis tidak terdapat riwayat trauma orbita, sakit mata yang menyebabkan penurunan lampang pandang, dan dilakukan pemeriksaan visus yang mambaik setelah dilakukan uji pinhole. Pasien juga tidak terdapat kelainan pada orbita atau massa pada intrakranial pada pemeriksaan MRI kepala. Selanjutnya dilakukan penambahan sekuen sesuai aksis nervus optikus potongan koronal T2 supresi lemak untuk menilai rasio selubung dengan nervus optikus, potongan parasagital kanan kiri T1 supresi lemak untuk pengukuran diameter nervus optikus segmen intraorbita dan intrakanalikular, serta potongan aksial T2 untuk pengukuran segmen intrakranial. Statistik deskriptif disajikan berupa rerata dengan simpangan baku nervus optikus serta rasio selubung dengan nervus optikus. Rerata diameter selubung nervus optikus intraorbita dewasa normal bagian proksimal 4,54 mm (SD 0,28 mm), bagian tengah (mid) 3,49 mm (SD 0,19 mm), bagian distal 3,26 mm (SD 0,17 mm), nervus optikus intrakanalikular 3,03 mm (SD 0,17 mm), nervus optikus intrakranial 4,22mm (SD 0,32 mm), diameter nervus optikus bagian proksimal 2,54 mm (SD 0,28 mm). Rerata rasio normal selubung dengan nervus optikus adalah 1,81:1 (SD 0,11). Pada statistik analitik dengan uji t tidak berpasangan tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna diameter selubung dan nervus optikus antara laki-laki dibandingkan perempuan.

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ABSTRACTOptic nerve as the second cranial nerve which inervates the eye balls, consists of nerve sheath and optic nerve fibers within. Optic nerve diameter varies, and is influienced by various factors namely age, ethnicity, gender or other conditions such as inflammation, tumor, trauma or mass pressing the optic nerve. Nerve sheath and optic nerve ratio can be measured and is influenced by increase of intracranial pressure. The aim of this research is to determine the mean optic nerve diameter and sheath-optic nerve ratio by MRI on subjects older than 18 years, of 64 optic nerves and 32 patients (16 male and 16 female) to determine the difference of male and female. Patient is interviewed to ensure no history of orbital trauma nor orbital disease which decrease the visual field, and improvement of visus on pinhole test. Only patient with no orbital nor intracranial mass on MRI examination is included in this research. Further additional MR sequence is acquired on coronal optic nerve plane on T2 fat suppression sequence, parasagital plane on T1 fat suppression to measure intraorbital and intracanalicular optic nerve diameter, and T2 axial to measure intracranial segment. Descriptive statistic is provided as mean with standard deviation of optic nerve diameter as well as sheath to optic nerve ratio. Intraorbital segmen of optic nerve sheath diameter of normal adult on proximal side is 4,54 mm (SD 0,28 mm), middle part 3,49 mm (SD 0,19 mm), distal part 3,26 mm (SD 0,17 mm), intracanalicular segment optic nerve 3,03 mm (SD 0,17 mm), intracranial segment of optic nerve 4,22 mm (SD 0,32 mm), proximal optic nerve diameter 2,54 mm (SD 0,28 mm). Mean of normal nerve to sheath ratio is 1,81:1 (SD 0,11). Analytic statistic which utilize unpaired t test demonstrate no difference of male and female optic nerve and nerve sheath diameter."

"ABSTRAKLatar Berlakang: Cedera medula spinalis (CMS) merupakan suatu kondisi medis yang kompleks dan dapat menyebabkan disabilitas. Pada CMS terjadi gangguan baik sementara maupun menetap pada fungsi motorik, sensorik, atau otonom. Gangguan tersebut mengakibatkan menurunnya kemampuan fungsional seorang penderita CMS. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai kesahihan dan keandalan SCIM III versi bahasa Indonesia untuk menilai kemampuan fungsional penderita CMS.Metode: SCIM III versi bahasa Inggris diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Indonesia melalui metode penerjemahan forward-backward serta dilakukan cognitivedebriefing sehingga didapatkan SCIM III versi bahasa Indonesia. SCIM III versi bahasa Indonesia ini digunakan kepada 30 orang penderita CMS di dua rumah sakit dan satu wisma penderita CMS di Jakarta. Tiga orang rater menilai setiap subjek menggunakan rekaman video. Penilaian ulang dilakukan oleh peneliti satu minggu kemudian. Kesahihan konstruksi dan kriteria dinilai menggunakan koefisien korelasi. Untuk uji keandalan, digunakan intraclass correlation coefficient untuk menilai keandalan inter-rater, paired t-test untuk keandalan test-retest, dan Cronbach?s α untuk internal consistency.Hasil: Didapatkan nilai korelasi lebih dari 0,4 (p<0,05) untuk kesahihan konstruksi dan kriteria. Intraclass correlation coefficient lebih dari 0,8 (p<0,05) untuk keandalan inter-rater, nilai korelasi lebih dari 0,6 (p<0,05) untuk keandalan test-retest dan Cronbach?s α 0,895 untuk keandalan internal consistency.Kesimpulan: SCIM III versi bahasa Indonesia terbukti sahih dan andal untuk menilai kemampuan fungsional penderita CMS.

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ABSTRACTObjective: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a medically complex condition and can cause disability. Patients with spinal cord injury usually have either temporary or permanent insult to motor, sensory, or autonomic function. The impairments reduce the functional capacity of the patients. The aim of the study was to assess the validity and reliability of Indonesian version of SCIM III to measure the functional capacity of patients with SCI.Methods: English version of SCIM III was translated to Indonesian involving a forward-backward translation and cognitive debriefing to develop Indonesian version of SCIM III. The tool was administered to 30 patients with SCI in two centers and a residential home of SCI in Jakarta. Three raters evaluate each subject by using video record. Writer assessed each subject one week later. Construct and criterion validity was assessed by using correlation coefficient. For reliability, intraclass correlation coefficient was used for inter-rater reliability, paired t-test for test-retest reliability, and Cronbach?s α for internal consistency.Results: There was correlation coefficient above 0,4 (p<0,05) for construct and criterion validity. Intraclass correlation coefficient above 0,8 (p<0,05) for inter-rater reliability, correlation coefficient above 0,6 (p<0,05) for test-retest reliability and Cronbach?s α 0,895 for internal consistency.Conclusion: Indonesia version of SCIM III was proven to be valid and reliable to assess the functional capacity of patients with SCI."