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"Type 1 diabetes is a serious and common disease, afflicting one per 200 of the population worldwide. It is widely believed to cause harmful physical maldevelopment--congenital malformations--and other consequences in the unborn children of women with the disease. This book considers the history of the disease in pregnant women and this belief that it causes anomalies since the time of the discovery of insulin in 1921, and presents a profound and critical appraisal of the subject of its supposed prenatal harmfulness."

"Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most abundant diseases in the 21st century and believed as result of interaction between genes and environment exposure. There is a hypotesis of epigenetic mechanisms, using molecular basis to explain about the mechanism of DM. Because of the enviromental exposure including nutrition status and hyperglycemia state, the risk of DM has started since pre-conception, last until adulthood and will be inhireted trans-generational. Mainly, there are 3 epigenetic mechanisms that have role in DM. Epigenetic mechanisms are also have role in the metabolic memory that the DM complications may still developed although the blood glucose level is already normal. The restriction of calory intake may help delaying the development and onset of degerative diseases including DM by stabilizing genome through epigenetic mechanisms.

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Diabetes melitus (DM) adalah masalah kesehatan yang paling penuh dengan tantanga dan dipercaya merupakan hasil antara interaksi gen dan paparan lingkungan. Terdapat hipotesis mekanisme epigenetik, menggunakan dasar molekular untuk menjelaskan mekanisme terjadinya DM. Karena paparan lingkungan termasuk status gizi dan keadaan hiperglikemia, risiko terjadinya DM telah dimulai sejak pre-konsepsi, yang berlangsung hingga dewasa, dan diwariskan antar-generasi. Terdapat 3 mekanisme utama epigenetik yang berperan pada DM. Mekanisme-mekanisme epigenetik juga memiliki peran dalam memori metabolik dimana komplikasi-komplikasi DM dapat tetap terjadi walaupun kadar gula darah dalam tubuh sudah normal. Pembatasan kalori dapat membantu menunda proses dan terjadinya penyakit-penyakit degeneratif termasuk DM dengan cara menstabilkan genom melalui mekanisme-mekanisme epigenetik.

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"This new SpringerBrief in physiology explores the newest research findings on how exercise influences the fetus in utero and beyond. This book reviews the current findings of how maternal exercise throughout gestation influences fetal development of key organ systems, and also encompasses the relationship between maternal activity level and fetal, birth, and neonatal effects. This information will help researchers and scientists better understand the physiological effects of exercise during pregnancy on offspring development."

"This handbook is an invaluable resource for improving the management of diabetes. Chapters cover the fundamentals, including epidemiology, history and physical examination, and functional evaluations. Diabetes in children, adolescents, adults, and geriatrics are addressed. Differential diagnosis is emphasized, and evidence-based guidelines and patient-specific considerations aid the reader with injury evaluation and care. Notably, the book highlights the importance of understanding diabetic symptoms when determining the source of illnesses. In addition, the text presents the spectrum of treatment options for diabetes. The book is complete with appendices that explain the evidence-based approach used throughout and the science behind therapeutic modalities."

"Background: the correlation between diabetes mellitus (DM) and Multi-Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) has never been studied among patients with tuberculosis (TB) in Indonesia, while DM has been identified to alter immune response and pharmacokinetics of TB medications that may lead to a failure of TB treatment and develop MDR-TB. Our study aimed to analyze the influence of diabetes mellitus on the development of MDR-TB. Methods: a retrospective cohort study was carried out on 356 TB patients at the Provincial Lung Clinics and Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia between 2010 and 2014. Diagnosis of MDR-TB was established based on GeneXpert or drug sensitivity testing, while DM was determined based on the criteria in the National Guidelines. Demographic, epidemiological and outcome variables were collected. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were analyzed using simple logistic regression. Results: among 356 TB patients, 23 patients were with binomial TB-DM, while 333 patients did not suffered from DM. Patients with TB-DM presented a 6.8-fold (95% CI:2.0-23.7, p=0.003) higher risk of developing MDR-TB. Individuals with TB-DM had a 4.4-fold (95% CI:1.5-12.9, p=0.008) greater chance to have positive sputum smear by the second month of treatment indicating a delay in the resolution of the tuberculosis infection. Conclusion: there was a significant correlation between diabetes mellitus and MDR-TB development. Therefore, it is suggested that clinicians at all levels of health care service should conduct any kind of screening test for MDR-TB in such group of patients. Further prospective cohort study is needed to confirm the findings of this preliminary study.

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Latar belakang: hubungan antara diabetes melitus (DM) dan Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) belum pernah diteliti di antara pasien Tuberkulosis (TB) di Indonesia, sedangkan DM diketahui dapat mengganggu respons kekebalan tubuh dan memengaruhi farmakokinetik obat TB sehingga dapat menyebabkan kegagalan pengobatan TB dan terjadinya MDR-TB. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh DM pada perkembangan MDR-TB.

Metode: studi kohort retrospektif dilakukan dengan melibatkan 356 pasien TB di Balai Pengobatan Paru-paru (BP4) dan Rumah Sakit Sardjito, Yogyakarta, Indonesia pada tahun 2010-2014. Diagnosis MDR-TB ditentukan dengan GeneXpert atau drug sensitivity testing, sementara DM ditentukan berdasarkan kriteria pedoman nasional. Beberapa variabel demografik, epidemiologi, dan hasil pengobatan dikumpulkan. Rasio odds (OR) dan selang kepercayaan 95% (95% CI) dianalisis dengan simple logistic regression.

Hasil: di antara 356 pasien TB, 23 orang adalah pasien dengan DM, sedangkan 333 pasien tidak menderita DM. Pasien dengan tuberkulosis dan diabetes melitus memiliki risiko 6,8 lebih besar (95% CI:2,0-23,7, p=0,003) untuk berkembang menjadi MDR-TB. Individu dengan tuberkulosis dan diabetes melitus memiliki p=0,008) untuk memiliki hasil sputum positif pada bulan kedua pengobatan yang mengindikasikan keterlambatan dalam proses penyembuhan dari tuberkulosis.

Kesimpulan: terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara diabetes melitus dengan perkembangan MDR-TB. Oleh karenanya, direkomendasikan bagi klinisi di semua lapis pelayanan kesehatan untuk melakukan tes skrining MDR-TB di antara pasien kelompok ini. Penelitian kohort prospektif perlu dilakukan untuk mengkonfirmasi hasil dari penelitian pendahuluan ini"

"Diabetes Melitus dan Kanker Kolon merupakan penyakit yang banyak dialami oleh masyarakat Indonesia. Namun belum dilakukan penelitian sejenis yang menghubungkan Diabetes Melitus terhadap Kesintasan Kanker Kolon yang berasal dari Registrasi Kanker Berbasis Rumah Sakit. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan Diabetes Melitus terhadap kesintasan Kanker Kolon. Desain studi yang digunakan adalah kohort retrospektif. Populasi penelitian merupakan 939 pasien Kanker Kolon di RSKD pada tahun 2013-2017. Sampel penelitian adalah 257 pasien Kanker Kolon yang mendapatkan pengobatan di RSKD pada tahun 2013-2017 dengan metode total sampling. Data yang digunakan merupakan data Registrasi Kanker di Indonesia dan rekam medik elektronik RSKD. Hasil penelitian diperoleh kesintasan Kanker Kolon 1 tahun, 3 tahun, dan 5 tahun pada pasien Kanker Kolon yang memiliki Diabetes Melitus di RSKD tahun 2013-2017 berturut-turut sebesar 64,80%, 59,81%, dan 51,27%. Pasien Kanker Kolon di RSKD tahun 2013-2017 yang memiliki Diabetes Melitus, memiliki risiko sebesar 1,51 (95% CI: 0,794-2,883) kali untuk terjadi kematian dibandingkan dengan pasien Kanker Kolon yang tidak memiliki Diabetes Melitus setelah dikontrol dengan usia, jenis kelamin, grade, dan metastasis. Namun asosiasi tersebut tidak bermakna secara statistik.

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Diabetes mellitus and colon cancer are diseases that are widely experienced by the people of Indonesia. However, no similar studies have been conducted linking diabetes mellitus to colon cancer survival derived from Hospital-Based Cancer Registries. The purpose of the study was to determine the association of Diabetes Mellitus to the survival of Colon Cancer. The study design used was a retrospective cohort. The study population was 939 Colon Cancer patients at RSKD in 2013-2017. The study sample was 257 Colon Cancer patients who received treatment at RSKD in 2013-2017 with the total sampling method. The data used are Cancer Registration data in Indonesia and RSKD electronic medical records. The results of the study showed the survival of Colon Cancer by 1 year, 3 years, and 5 years in Colon Cancer patients who had Diabetes Mellitus at RSKD in 2013-2017 respectively, by 64.80%, 59.81%, and 51.27%. Colon Cancer patients at RSKD in 2013-2017 who had Diabetes Mellitus, had a risk of 1.51 (95% CI: 0.794-2.883) times for death compared to Colon Cancer patients who did not have Diabetes Mellitus after controlling for age, sex, grade, and metastasis. But the association was not statistically meaningful."