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"This notable book, describes each Toolkit instrument and the psychometric properties it measures. Presents detailed findings on test measures and relationships between skills. Discusses issues and challenges relating to visual representations of English, including fingerspelling and lipreading. Features a factor analysis of the Toolkit measures to identify underlying cognitive structures in deaf learners. Reviews trends in American Sign Language assessment."

"Latar belakang: Pengukuran literasi kesehatan oral dimaksudkan untuk mengevaluasi potensi resiko terhadap kesehatan umum maupun kesehatan oral. Tujuan: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui validitas dan reliabilitas instrumen Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry-30 (REALD-30); Test of Functional Health Literacy in Dentistry (ToFHLiD); dan Oral Health Literacy Instrument (OHLI), dalam mengukur Literasi Kesehatan Oral ibu di DKI Jakarta. Metode: Penelitian menggunakan metode cross sectional. Dilakukan cross cultural adaptation instrumen REALD-30, ToFHLiD dan OHLI kemudian kuesioner dibuat dalam bentuk google form dan disebarkan kepada ibu yang memiliki balita di DKI Jakarta. Hasil: Sebanyak 170 ibu yang memiliki balita di DKI Jakarta mengisi ketiga kuesioner dalam waktu yang bersamaan. Mean Score REALD-30 adalah 17,16 (SD 5,2) dengan nilai minimum 5 dan maksimum 30. Mean Score ToFHLiD 11,06 (SD 2,69) CI 95% (10,65-11,47) dengan nilai minimum 2 dan nilai maksimum 14 dan Mean Score OHLI 71,29 (SD 18,65) CI 95% (68,46-74,11) dengan nilai minimal 22 dan maksimal 97. Interclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) Tes-Retes pada REALD-30 ICC r = 97 (95%CI 0,91), ToFHLiD r = 89,9 (96%CI 0,61-0,97), OHLI r = 85,9 (95% CI 0,59-0,95) hasilnya berkorelasi hampir sempurna, Nilai Cronbach’s Alpha REALD-30 sebesar 0,945 (excellent), ToFHliD 0,838 (good) dan OHLI 0,799 (acceptable) sehingga dapat disimpulkan pengukuran dengan ketiga instrumen adalah reliabel, handal dan stabil. Kesimpulan: Ketiga instrumen REALD-30, ToFHLiD dan OHLI menunjukkan reliabilitas yang baik dan pada uji validitas menunjukkan Convergent Validity yang memuaskan antara OHLI dengan ToFHLiD serta Convergent Validity yang kurang memuaskan antara skor REALD-30 dan ToFHLiD. Discriminant Validity yang memuaskan pada ketiga instrumen. REALD-30 dan OHLI dapat digunakan untuk mengukur LKO pada ibu di DKI Jakarta sementara ToFHLiD perlu pengkajian lebih lanjut

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Background: Measurement of oral health literacy is intended to evaluate potential risks to general health and oral health. Objectives: The aims of this study were to determine the validity and reliability of the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry-30 (REALD-30) instrument; Test of Functional Health Literacy in Dentistry (ToFHLiD); and the Oral Health Literacy Instrument (OHLI), in measuring maternal Oral Health Literacy in DKI Jakarta. Methods: Research using cross sectional method. Cross cultural adaptation of the REALD-30, ToFHLiD and OHLI instruments was carried out, then a questionnaire was made in the form of a Google form and distributed to mothers who have toddlers in DKI Jakarta. Results: A total of 170 mothers with toddlers in DKI Jakarta filled out all three questionnaires at the same time. The mean score of REALD-30 was 17.16 (SD 5.2) with a minimum value of 5 and a maximum of 30. The mean score of ToFHLiD was 11.06 (SD 2.69) 95% CI (10.65-11.47) with a minimum score 2 and maximum score of 14 and OHLI Mean Score of 71.29 (SD 18.65) 95% CI (68.46-74.11) with minimum score of 22 and maximum of 97. Interclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) Test-Retest on REALD- 30 ICC r = 97 (95%CI 0.91), ToFHLiD r = 89.9 (96%CI 0.61-0.97), OHLI r = 85.9 (95% CI 0.59-0.95 ) the results correlate almost perfectly, Cronbach’s Alpha REALD-30 0,945 (excellent), ToFHliD 0,838 (good) and OHLI 0,799 (acceptable) so it can be concluded that the measurements with the three instruments are reliable, reliable and stable. Conclusion: The three REALD-30, ToFHLiD and OHLI instruments show good reliability and the validity test shows satisfactory Convergent Validity between OHLI and ToFHLiD and unsatisfactory Convergent Validity between REALD-30 and ToFHLiD scores. Satisfying Discriminant Validity on all three instruments. REALD-30 and OHLI can be used to measure LKO in mothers in DKI Jakarta while ToFHLiD needs further study."

"Education of the deaf has a proud heritage with regard to scholarship and professional education. This is exemplified by the longevity of the International Congress on Education of the Deaf, which was first held in 1878. Just as it was at the time of the first International Congress, diversity continues to be the norm within the population of deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) learners on many different levels. Given that diversity, the logic for the resolutions made at the 1880 Congress in Milan, which sought to proscribe the use of sign language in education of the deaf, is questioned. It is argued that then, as now, differentiated educational responses were required to accommodate the diverse characteristics of the population of DHH learners. Current research examining the factors associated with the variance in developmental outcomes for DHH learners is reviewed. It is concluded that professionals involved in the identification and education of DHH children should be no less skeptical today about suggestions that there should, or could, be any One True Path to seek language, communication, and educational outcomes for all deaf children."