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"[Pemantauan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan pada anak balita sangat penting dilakukan untukmengetahui adanya gangguan pada pertumbuhan dan perkembangan sejak dini. Tujuan penelitianini adalah mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan pertumbuhan danperkembangan anak balita. Desain penelitian menggunakan “cross sectional”, yang melibatkan100 responden yaitu ibu dan anak balita usia 0-59 bulan di Kota Jambi. Instrumen menggunakankuesioner tentang karakteristik responden, alat pengukur berat badan, tinggi badan dan lingkarkepala beserta kuesioner, formulir KPSP, kuesioner stimulasi dan pola asuh. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan ada hubungan antara usia anak balita dengan perkembangan (p-value=0,014,α=0,05) dan ada hubungan antara pengetahuan ibu tentang stimulasi dengan perkembangan anakbalita (p-value=0,030, α=0,05). Rekomendasi penelitian ini adalah perlunya sosialisasi tentangstimulasi perkembangan anak kepada ibu yang memiliki balita di Kota Jambi.;The growth and development monitoring for children under five is very important in order todetect the growth and development disorder early on. The purpose of this study was to identifyfactors correlated with the growth and development of children under the age of five years. Thestudy design was cross-sectional, which involved 100 respondents including mothers and childrenaged 0-59 months in Jambi City. The instrument consisted of a questionnaire about thecharacteristics of the respondents, body weight and height scale, and head circumference alongwith the questionnaire, KPSP forms, and the questionnaire of stimulation and parenting. Theresults showed that there was no correlation between the children under five years of age and thedevelopment (p-value = 0.014, α = 0.05) and there was no correlation between the mothers'knowledge of stimulation and the development of children under five (p-value = 0.030, α = 0.05).It is recommended to improve the growth monitoring, especially for children under five in JambiCity and to optimize the socialization of the importance of the parent’s roles in providingstimulation to their children.;The growth and development monitoring for children under five is very important in order todetect the growth and development disorder early on. The purpose of this study was to identifyfactors correlated with the growth and development of children under the age of five years. Thestudy design was cross-sectional, which involved 100 respondents including mothers and childrenaged 0-59 months in Jambi City. The instrument consisted of a questionnaire about thecharacteristics of the respondents, body weight and height scale, and head circumference alongwith the questionnaire, KPSP forms, and the questionnaire of stimulation and parenting. Theresults showed that there was no correlation between the children under five years of age and thedevelopment (p-value = 0.014, α = 0.05) and there was no correlation between the mothers'knowledge of stimulation and the development of children under five (p-value = 0.030, α = 0.05).It is recommended to improve the growth monitoring, especially for children under five in JambiCity and to optimize the socialization of the importance of the parent’s roles in providingstimulation to their children.;The growth and development monitoring for children under five is very important in order todetect the growth and development disorder early on. The purpose of this study was to identifyfactors correlated with the growth and development of children under the age of five years. Thestudy design was cross-sectional, which involved 100 respondents including mothers and childrenaged 0-59 months in Jambi City. The instrument consisted of a questionnaire about thecharacteristics of the respondents, body weight and height scale, and head circumference alongwith the questionnaire, KPSP forms, and the questionnaire of stimulation and parenting. Theresults showed that there was no correlation between the children under five years of age and thedevelopment (p-value = 0.014, α = 0.05) and there was no correlation between the mothers'knowledge of stimulation and the development of children under five (p-value = 0.030, α = 0.05).It is recommended to improve the growth monitoring, especially for children under five in JambiCity and to optimize the socialization of the importance of the parent’s roles in providingstimulation to their children.;The growth and development monitoring for children under five is very important in order todetect the growth and development disorder early on. The purpose of this study was to identifyfactors correlated with the growth and development of children under the age of five years. Thestudy design was cross-sectional, which involved 100 respondents including mothers and childrenaged 0-59 months in Jambi City. The instrument consisted of a questionnaire about thecharacteristics of the respondents, body weight and height scale, and head circumference alongwith the questionnaire, KPSP forms, and the questionnaire of stimulation and parenting. Theresults showed that there was no correlation between the children under five years of age and thedevelopment (p-value = 0.014, α = 0.05) and there was no correlation between the mothers'knowledge of stimulation and the development of children under five (p-value = 0.030, α = 0.05).It is recommended to improve the growth monitoring, especially for children under five in JambiCity and to optimize the socialization of the importance of the parent’s roles in providingstimulation to their children., The growth and development monitoring for children under five is very important in order todetect the growth and development disorder early on. The purpose of this study was to identifyfactors correlated with the growth and development of children under the age of five years. Thestudy design was cross-sectional, which involved 100 respondents including mothers and childrenaged 0-59 months in Jambi City. The instrument consisted of a questionnaire about thecharacteristics of the respondents, body weight and height scale, and head circumference alongwith the questionnaire, KPSP forms, and the questionnaire of stimulation and parenting. Theresults showed that there was no correlation between the children under five years of age and thedevelopment (p-value = 0.014, α = 0.05) and there was no correlation between the mothers'knowledge of stimulation and the development of children under five (p-value = 0.030, α = 0.05).It is recommended to improve the growth monitoring, especially for children under five in JambiCity and to optimize the socialization of the importance of the parent’s roles in providingstimulation to their children.]"

"[Pemantauan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan pada anak balita sangat penting dilakukan untuk mengetahui adanya gangguan pada pertumbuhan dan perkembangan sejak dini. Tujuan penelitianini adalah mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak balita. Desain penelitian menggunakan cross sectional, yang melibatkan 100 responden yaitu ibu dan anak balita usia 0-59 bulan di Kota Jambi. Instrumen menggunakan kuesioner tentang karakteristik responden, alat pengukur berat badan, tinggi badan dan lingkarkepala beserta kuesioner, formulir KPSP, kuesioner stimulasi dan pola asuh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada hubungan antara usia anak balita dengan perkembangan (p-value=0,014, α=0,05) dan ada hubungan antara pengetahuan ibu tentang stimulasi dengan perkembangan anak balita (p-value=0,030, α=0,05). Rekomendasi penelitian ini adalah perlunya sosialisasi tentang stimulasi perkembangan anak kepada ibu yang memiliki balita di Kota Jambi.

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The growth and development monitoring for children under five is very important in order to detect the growth and development disorder early on. The purpose of this study was to identify factors correlated with the growth and development of children under the age of five years. The study design was cross-sectional, which involved 100 respondents including mothers and children aged 0-59 months in Jambi City. The instrument consisted of a questionnaire about the characteristics of the respondents, body weight and height scale, and head circumference along with the questionnaire, KPSP forms, and the questionnaire of stimulation and parenting. The

results showed that there was no correlation between the children under five years of age and the development (p-value = 0.014, α = 0.05) and there was no correlation between the mothers' knowledge of stimulation and the development of children under five (p-value = 0.030, α = 0.05). It is recommended to improve the growth monitoring, especially for children under five in Jambi City and to optimize the socialization of the importance of the parent?s roles in providing stimulation to their children;The growth and development monitoring for children under five is very important in order to detect the growth and development disorder early on. The purpose of this study was to identify factors correlated with the growth and development of children under the age of five years. The study design was cross-sectional, which involved 100 respondents including mothers and children aged 0-59 months in Jambi City. The instrument consisted of a questionnaire about the characteristics of the respondents, body weight and height scale, and head circumference along with the questionnaire, KPSP forms, and the questionnaire of stimulation and parenting. The

results showed that there was no correlation between the children under five years of age and the development (p-value = 0.014, α = 0.05) and there was no correlation between the mothers' knowledge of stimulation and the development of children under five (p-value = 0.030, α = 0.05). It is recommended to improve the growth monitoring, especially for children under five in Jambi City and to optimize the socialization of the importance of the parent’s roles in providing stimulation to their children.;The growth and development monitoring for children under five is very important in order to

detect the growth and development disorder early on. The purpose of this study was to identify

factors correlated with the growth and development of children under the age of five years. The

study design was cross-sectional, which involved 100 respondents including mothers and children

aged 0-59 months in Jambi City. The instrument consisted of a questionnaire about the

characteristics of the respondents, body weight and height scale, and head circumference along

with the questionnaire, KPSP forms, and the questionnaire of stimulation and parenting. The

results showed that there was no correlation between the children under five years of age and the

development (p-value = 0.014, α = 0.05) and there was no correlation between the mothers'

knowledge of stimulation and the development of children under five (p-value = 0.030, α = 0.05).

It is recommended to improve the growth monitoring, especially for children under five in Jambi

City and to optimize the socialization of the importance of the parent’s roles in providing

stimulation to their children;The growth and development monitoring for children under five is very important in order to

detect the growth and development disorder early on. The purpose of this study was to identify

factors correlated with the growth and development of children under the age of five years. The

study design was cross-sectional, which involved 100 respondents including mothers and children

aged 0-59 months in Jambi City. The instrument consisted of a questionnaire about the

characteristics of the respondents, body weight and height scale, and head circumference along

with the questionnaire, KPSP forms, and the questionnaire of stimulation and parenting. The

results showed that there was no correlation between the children under five years of age and the

development (p-value = 0.014, α = 0.05) and there was no correlation between the mothers'

knowledge of stimulation and the development of children under five (p-value = 0.030, α = 0.05).

It is recommended to improve the growth monitoring, especially for children under five in Jambi

City and to optimize the socialization of the importance of the parent’s roles in providing

stimulation to their children;The growth and development monitoring for children under five is very important in order to

detect the growth and development disorder early on. The purpose of this study was to identify

factors correlated with the growth and development of children under the age of five years. The

study design was cross-sectional, which involved 100 respondents including mothers and children

aged 0-59 months in Jambi City. The instrument consisted of a questionnaire about the

characteristics of the respondents, body weight and height scale, and head circumference along

with the questionnaire, KPSP forms, and the questionnaire of stimulation and parenting. The

results showed that there was no correlation between the children under five years of age and the

development (p-value = 0.014, α = 0.05) and there was no correlation between the mothers'

knowledge of stimulation and the development of children under five (p-value = 0.030, α = 0.05).

It is recommended to improve the growth monitoring, especially for children under five in Jambi

City and to optimize the socialization of the importance of the parent’s roles in providing

stimulation to their children, The growth and development monitoring for children under five is very important in order to

detect the growth and development disorder early on. The purpose of this study was to identify

factors correlated with the growth and development of children under the age of five years. The

study design was cross-sectional, which involved 100 respondents including mothers and children

aged 0-59 months in Jambi City. The instrument consisted of a questionnaire about the

characteristics of the respondents, body weight and height scale, and head circumference along

with the questionnaire, KPSP forms, and the questionnaire of stimulation and parenting. The

results showed that there was no correlation between the children under five years of age and the

development (p-value = 0.014, α = 0.05) and there was no correlation between the mothers'

knowledge of stimulation and the development of children under five (p-value = 0.030, α = 0.05).

It is recommended to improve the growth monitoring, especially for children under five in Jambi

City and to optimize the socialization of the importance of the parent’s roles in providing

stimulation to their children]"

"Pertumbuhan merupakan masalah kesehatan yang masih menjadi beban. Pertumbuhan pada usia dini menyebabkan gangguan yang berkelanjutan. Kegagalan dalam pertumbuhan ini dapat disebabkan karena anak kurang gizi dan hal ini akan berkaitan dengan morbiditas dan mortalitas yang berdampak pada kualitas sumber daya manusia terutama kecerdasan pada usia selanjutnya di masa yang akan datang. Anak yang menderita gizi kurang disebabkan karena berat badan yang tidak naik dan merupakan akumulasi dari asupan akan kebutuhan zat gizi yang kurang sehingga pertumbuhannya kurang baik, untuk memantau pertumbuhan berat badan balita digunakan KMS. Anak yang menderita gizi kurang rentan terhadap terjadinya penyakit infeksi, seperti diare, pneumonia dan campak. Penyakit campak dibandingkan dengan penyakit lain tidak begitu berat gejala klinisnya, tetapi pada balita kematian dapat terjadi akibat komplikasi penyakit lain yang terjadi karena replikasi virus atau superinfeksi bakteri. Jenis penelitian ini adalah observasional dengan disain kasus kontrol yang bertujuan mengetahui hubungan pertumbuhan berat badan dengan kejadian sakit campak pada balita di Kota Jambi tahun 2007-2008. Kasus adalah balita yang berkunjung ke Puskesmas/RS dan didiagnosa oleh dokter menderita sakit campak dan mempunyai KMS. Sedangkan kontrol adalah balita yang tidak sakit campak pada waktu yang sama berasal dari populasi kasus dan mempunyai KMS. Sebagai variabel utama dalam penelitian ini adalah pertumbuhan berat badan balita dan out come adalah balita sakit campak. Selain itu dilihat juga faktor risiko individu yang berhubungan dengan penyakit campak ; berat badan lahir (BBL), status imunisasi balita, penyakit yang menyertai waktu sakit campak (diare), Vitamin A, umur balita saat sakit campak. Sedangkan faktor risiko dari ibu balita adalah umur ibu, pendidikan ibu, pekerjaan ibu,pengetahuan ibu tentang gizi dan sikap ibu terhadap pemenuhan gizi ba1ita_ Sedangkan faktor risiko lainnya adalah jumlah balita dalam keluarga, frekuensi makan balita serta pekerjaan kepala keluarga. Hasil penelitian didapatkan hubungan yang bermakna antara pertumbuhan balita dengan kejadian sakit campak di Kota Jambi dengan OR akhir = 4,18 kali pada balita yang tidak naik berat badannya dibandingkan dengan balita yang naik berat badannya setelah dikontrol dengan variabel pengetahuan ibu tentang gizi dan sikap ibu dalam upaya pemenuhan gizi balitanya. Dalam penelitian diketahui adanya interaksi antara pertumbuhan berat badan dengan diare. Konfoundingnya yaitu berat lahir, diare, pcngetahuan ibu tentang gizi dan sikap ibu terhadap pemenuhan gizi balitanya, selisih nilai OR setelah dilakukan adjusted adalah <10%.Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disarankan bahwa untuk menghindari sakit campak, berat badan anak harus sesuai dengan pertumbuhan umumya. Umur bertambah, berat badan naik. Dan untuk melihat pertumbuhan berat badan balita digunakan kartu menuju sehat (KMS). Pengetahuan ibu tentang gizi sangat diperlukan untuk meningkatkan derajat kesehatan untuk melindungi anak dari serangan penyakit dan hal ini dipantau bersama antara petugas kesehatan, kader dan ibu balita melalui KMS. Pelaksanaan pemantauan pertumbuhan balita perlu dioptimalkan dengan melibatkan LS dan LP dalam bentuk melaksanakan revitalisasi Posyandu, meningkatkan konseling penyuluhan kepada ibu-ibu dengan peran bantu kader di Posyandu scbagai perpanjangan tangan petugas kesehatan di tengah masyarakat. Dalam pengambilan kebijakan, khususnya untuk pencegahan terhadap penyakit dan pertumbuhan balita dan kesehatan ibu secara umum perlu digunakan data dan pengkajian secara epidemiologis supaya sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan perkembangan terkini.

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Growth failure has been become one of the serious health problem and become a burden. Growth at early age has risk to get continuous disturbance. Growth failure can be due to malnutrition and it has been associated with morbidity and mortality that can affect human resource quality especially intelligence. Malnutrition caused by body weight that doesn't increase and as accumulation of impairment nutrition consumption. To asses infant body weight development, we use KMS Malnutrition children tends to suffering infection such as diarrhea, pneumonia, and measles. Measles has milder symptoms than other disease but it can be fatal in infant because other disease complication due to virus replication or bactery superinfection.

This observational case-control study want to find correlation between development of body weight and measles suspect-infant in Jambi city in years 2007-2008. Subjects are infant who admited in primary healt care (Puskesmas) or hospital and diagnosed measles. Controls are infant who doesn't suffering measles at the same time and same population (case population). All subjects and controls have "Kartu Menuju Sehat" (KMS).

The main variable is development of infant body weight and the outcome is measles suspect-infant. We also asses individual risk factor correlated with measles: birth body weight, infant immune status, other disease which accompanied at the time suffering measles(e.g. diarrhea), vitamin A, and age at the time suffering measles. Risk factors from mother are mother's age, mother's education, mother's occupation, mother's knowledge about nutrition, and mother's attitude toward child nutrition fulfillment. Other risk factors are numbers of infant in family, infant's eat hequency, and occupation of family leader.

The result of our study are body weight which doesn't increase has become risk factor for measles in infant at Jambi. There are signiiicant correlation between development of body weight and incidence of measles in infant at Jamby city as much as 4,18 times. In research known the existence of interaction among heavy growth of body with the diarrhoea. Confounding variable is mother-'s knowledge about nutrition, attitude to accomplishment about nutrition of children under five. After adjusted, Odd ratio (OR) difTerence is >10%.

From our study, we recommend to keep infant body weight tit with his/her age to prevent measles. Age, body weight, and development of body weight can be assesed and evaluated through "Kartu Menuju Sehat" (KMS). If age increase then body weight must be increase too.Mother's knowledge about nutrition needed to increase child health status especially to protect child from disease. It can be evaluated by health officer, kader (health volunteer), and mother.

Growth development surveillance must be optimized with include participation of LS and LP. This optimization manifested with Posyandu revitalization, training of kader (health volunteer), and counseling to mother with the help fiom kader posyandu (Posyandu's health volunteer) as extension from health ofiicer. In making decision and policy, especially for diseases prevention and infant growth, we recommend to use the result of this study as basic of future planning to decrease morbidity of measles and increase infant's development of body weight."

"Beberapa penelitian tentang status gizi anak vegetarian usia sekolah telah pemah dilakukan di luar negeri, namun hanya sedikit sekali penelitian tentang status gizi anak vegetarian pra sekolah (balita vegetarian). Di Indonesia belurn ada penelitian secara resmi tentnng status gizi balita vegetarian (pra sekoiah) dan anak usia sekolah. Mengingat balita merupakan salah satu kelompok yang rawan kekurangan gizi dan berada dalam masa pertumbuhan yang cepat serta akan mempengaruhi status gizi fase kehidupan selanjutnya. maka secara teoritis balita tidak dianjurkan menjalani diet vegetarian karena dikhawatirkan akan menderita gizi kurang.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran status gizi (IMT/U) danfaktor-faktor yang berhubungan pada balita vegetarian dan non vegetarian di DKI Jakarta Tahun 2008, Desain penelitian yang digunakan dalarn penelitian ini adalah cross-sectional dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Total sampel berjumlah 148 balita yang terdiri dari 75 balita vegetarian dan 73 balita non vegetarian berumur 0-59 bulan di DKI Jakarta yang dipilih secara purposive sampling dan mempunyai latar belakang etnis yang sama, geografis dan tingkat ekonomi yang semirip mungkin. Data dikumpulkan di DKI Jakarta sejak Februari sampai dengan Maret 2008. Variabel dependen dalam penelitian ini adalah status gizi balita (IMT/U), sedangkan variabel independen yang diteliti adalah asupan energi, protein, pola diet (vegetarian, non vegetarian), penyakit infeksi, jenis kelamin balita, umur balita, pola asuh, pemberian ASI, anal mencuci tangan, ibu mencuci tangan, pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan, status gizi ibu, pendidikan ibu, pengetahuan gizi ibu, pekerjaan ibu, penghasilan keluarga dan jumlah balita. Data yang dikumpulkan mencakup berat badan menggunakan timbangan Seca model 872 dengan ketelitian 0, l kg. panjang/tinggi badan menggunakan length board/microtoice dengan ketelitian 0,1 em, konsumsi makanan menggunakan food recall I x 24 jam, karakteristik ibu dan balita. pola asuh dan kesehatan menggunakan kuesioner. Status gizi dihitung berdasarkan indeks IMTIU menurut baku rujakan WHO 2005, sedangkan asupan energi dan protein dihitung dengan metode food recall l x 24 jam berdasarkan % AKG (Angka Kecakupan Gizi). Ana!isis data hasil univariat, bivariat dan multivariat diiakukan dengan menggunakan komputer, Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prevalensi obesitas pada balita vegetarian sebanyak 5,3% dan balita non vegetarian 12,3%. Terdapat !3,3% ba!ita vegetarian dan 8,2% balita non vegetarian yang gemuk. Walaupun lebih dari separah ba!ita mempunyai status gizi nom1al (56% balita vegetarian dan 57,5% balita non vegetarian), akan tetapi sudah terdapat25,3% balita vegetarian dan 21,9% balita non vegetarian yang berisiko gemuk. Masih terdapat balita vegetarian yang pendek sebanyak 4% dan non vegetarian 2 7%.Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan yang berrnakna antara pola diet (vegetarian, non vegetarian) dengan status gizi (IMTIU), artinya tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna antara status gizi (IMT/U) baHta vegetarian lakto ovo dengan non vegetarian. Faktor yang paling dominan hubungannya dengan IMTIU pada balila vegetarian lakto ovo adalah pengbasilan keluarga dan penyakit infeksi pada balita non vegetarian. Penyuluhan tentang pangetahuan gizi perlu dilakakan kepada rnasyarakat terutarna ibu balita atau pengasuh balita oleh petugas kesehatan di posyandu, puskesmas, kiinik atau rumah sakit karena masih banyak ibu balita non vegetarian (42,5%) yang pengetahuan gizinya kurang. Perlu dilakukan kerjasama antara institusi pemerintah (Depkes dan Perguuruan Tinggi) dengan IVS (Indonesia Vegetarian Society) atau sekolah untuk memberikan penyuluhan gizi kepada mesyarakat vegetarian dan non vegetarian guna mencegah dan menanggukangi kejadian obesitas dan gizi lebih di DKI Jakarta.

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There are several studies on the nutritional status of school vegetarian chiidren that have been done in abroad, but only a few ones on the pre school vegetarian children (vegetarian children wtder five). There is no official study on the status of pre school and school vegetarian children in Indonesia. Considering those children are suspectible to malnutrition, especially under nutritionin their fast growing period, that could influence the nutrition status of their next life phase. So by theorythose children are not suggested to have vegetarian diet in order to avoid suffering from under nutrition.

The objective of this study is to understand the factors related to nutritional status (BAZ) of vegetarian and non vegetarian children under five in DKI Jakarta. Cross-sectional design is used in this study with quantitative approach. Samples collected by purposive sampling from the vegetarian and non vegetarian children under five (0-59 months) in DKI Jakarta with the same ethnic, similar geographical and economical background. Total samples collected are 148 children under five consisting of 75 vegetarian and 73 non vegetarian. Data were collected from February to March 2008. The dependent variable is children?s nutritional status (BAZ) and the independent variables are energy and protein intakes, diet pattern (vegetarian, non vegetarian), infectious disease, child?s sex, age, x=child caring, breast-feeding, child?s hand-washing, mother?s hand-washing, health service, mother?s nutritional status, education, nutritional knowledge, job, family income and number of children under five. Data collected include weight by using Seca balance model 872 recommended by WHO with precision of 0,1 kg, length/height by using length board/microtoice with precision of O,1 cm, dietary intake by using food recall I x 24 hours mother and child characterization, child caring and health by using questionnaire. Nutritional Status is calculated by using anthropometry indices of BAZ standard of WHO 2005. Energy, protein, fat and carbohydrate intakes are calculated by using food recall 1 x 24 hours based on% RDA (Recommended Dietary Allowance). Univariate, bivariateand multivariate data are analyzed by using personal computer data processing.

The result shows 5.3% of vegetarian and 12.3% of non vegetarian children under five in DKI Jakarta are obese and I3.3% of vegetarian and 8.2% of non vegetarian chHdren under five are overweight Although there are 56% of vegetarian and 57.5% of non vegetarian children under five are normal. but there are 25.3% of vegetarian and 21.9% of non vegetarian chUdren under five already at risk of overweight Finallythere are still 4% of vegetarian and 2.7% of non vegetarian children under five are stunted. There is no significant relationship between diet pattern (vegetarian, non vegetarian) and nutritional status (BAZ). It means there is no significant difference in nutritional status (BAZ) between vegetarian and non vegetarian children under five. Family income is the most dominant factor which is related to lacto ovo vegetarian's BAZ and infectious disease is the one for the non vegetarian's BAZ. Promoting on nutritional knowledge is necessary for the community especially the children's mother or care taker and should be conducted by nutritionist or mcdieal doctor from the centre of public health (puskesmas), clinics or government's hospitals and universities. Network among inter govemmental institutions are needed {e.g. Ministry of Health and University, etc} and can be extended into co-operation with non profit NGO such as IVS (Indonesia Vegetarian Society) or schools to give lectures on nutrition issues to the vegetarian and non vegetarian communities in order to prevent and overcome to obese and over-nutrition problem in DKI Jakarta."

"Diare lanjut dapat mengakibatkan dehidrasi pada balita dan saat ini merupakan penyebab kematian urutan kedua pada balita di dunia. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian dehidrasi pada balita dengan diare. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan cross sectional dan melalui tehnik consecutive sampling didapat 110 balita dengan diare yang mengalami dehidrasi ringan/sedang dan berat yang dirawat di Rumah Sakit Islam Jakarta Cempaka Putih. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor yang memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan kejadian dehidrasi pada balita dengan diiare adalah usia balita p=0,023 dan status gizi balita p=0,000 . Hasil analisis berikutnya didapatkan faktor paling dominan yang berhubungan dengan kejadian dehidrasi pada balita dengan diare adalah status gizi balita OR=15,22. Diperlukan perhatian khusus/lebih pada balita dengan diare yang memiliki status gizi kurang terhadap risiko dehidrasi di tatanan pelayanan primer.

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Further diarrhea can lead to dehydration and is currently the second leading cause of death in children under five in the world. The aim of research to identify factors associated with the occurrence of dehydration in under five with diarrhea. This research uses cross sectional design and through consecutive sampling technique is obtained 110 children under five with diarhhea who are dehydrated mild moderate and severe, hospitalized in Jakarta Islamic Hospital Cempaka Putih.

The results showed factors that have a significant relationship with the occurrence of dehydration in children under five with diarrhea are the age of children p 0,023 and nutritional status p 0,000. The next analysis results were obtained the most dominant factor related to the occurrence of dehydration in children under five with diarrhea is the nutritional status of children OR 15,22. Special attention is required more in children under five with diarrhea who have the status of malnutrition on the risk of dehydration in the order of prymary care."

"Pandemi Covid-19 berdampak terhadap semua sektor, salah satunya terhadap pertumbuhan balita stunting. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor yang berhubungan dengan status pertumbuhan balita stunting saat pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode cross sectional dengan jumlah 187 balita stunting dan orang tua pada 10 wilayah daerah lokus stunting. Sampel pada penelitian ini diambil menggunakan teknik proportional allocation sampling dengan menyebarkan kuesioner dan dianalisis secara multivariat. Terdapat beberapa faktor yang berhubungan dengan status pertumbuhan balita stunting yaitu klasifikasi stunting, berat badan lahir, usia pemberian MP-ASI, penyakit infeksi, status ketahanan pangan, kualitas makanan, pendapatan dan sumberdaya keuangan dan kesehatan lingkungan rumah. Kesehatan lingkungan rumah tangga merupakan faktor yang paling berhubungan dimana apabila balita stunting memiliki kesehatan lingkungan rumah tangga yang baik maka dapat meningkatkan status pertumbuhan sebanyak 0,681 kali. Intervensi berkelanjutan dalam hal kesehatan lingkungan rumah tangga saat pandemi Covid-19 perlu dilakukan.

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Pandemic Covid-19 has an impact on all sectors, one of which is the growth of stunting children under five. This study aims to analysis the factors related to the growth status of stunting child under five during pandemic Covid-19. This study is a quantitative study using cross sectional method, This study is a quantitative study with a cross sectional method with a total of 187 stunting toddlers and parents in 10 stunting areas. sample in this study was taken using the proportional allocation sampling technique, data was collected by distributing questionnaires and then analysis by multivariate. There are several factors related to the growth status of stunted child in pandemic Covid-19, namely stunting classification, birth weight, birth weight, age of complementary feeding, infectious diseases, food security status, food quality, income and financial resources and household environmental health. Household environmental health is the most related factor, if stunting toddlers have good household environmental health, they can increase their growth status by 0.681 times. Ongoing interventions related to household environmental health during the pandemic Covid-19 is necessary."

"Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) merupakan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh coronavirus jenis baru yang menyerang saluran pernapasan. Ketika terkena COVID-19, status pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak dapat mengalami gangguan dan penyimpangan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor yang berhubungan dengan status pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak post COVID-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional yang melibatkan 292 anak balita tiga bulan post COVID-19 dan hasil PCR negatif yang pernah dirawat di salah satu rumah sakit tipe A di Jakarta pada bulan Juli 2021 hingga Desember 2022. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara jenis kelamin, komorbid, tingkat keparahan, dan lama rawat dengan status pertumbuhan berat badan sesuai usia. Tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara usia, jenis kelamin, komorbid, tingkat keparahan, dan lama rawat dengan status pertumbuhan panjang atau tinggi badan sesuai usia. Tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara usia, jenis kelamin, komorbid, tingkat keparahan, dan lama rawat dengan status perkembangan. Ada hubungan yang signifikan antara usia dengan status pertumbuhan berat badan sesuai usia dan panjang atau tinggi badan sesuai usia. Faktor yang paling dominan berhubungan dengan status perkembangan adalah anak laki-laki yang berusia 25 hingga 36 bulan. Ada hubungan yang signifikan antara lama rawat dan komorbid dengan status perkembangan. Faktor yang paling dominan berhubungan dengan status perkembangan anak yakni komorbid. Oleh karena terdapat faktor yang berhubungan dengan status pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak post COVID-19 maka dapat dilakukan discharge planning terkait tumbuh kembang yang dapat diberikan kepada keluarga, agar keluarga tetap dapat melakukan stimulasi tumbuh kembang. Peneliti merekomendasikan bagi manajemen rumah sakit untuk melakukan optimalisasi pelaksanaan discharge planning terkait tumbuh kembang anak dan bagi dinas kesehatan untuk melakukan optimalisasi pelayanan kesehatan yang ada di komunitas, sehingga anak tetap dapat mendapatkan layanan stimulasi tumbuh kembang yang berkelanjutan setelah anak keluar dari rumah sakit.

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Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a disease caused by a new type of coronavirus that attacks the respiratory tract. When exposed to COVID-19, the status of a child's growth and development can experience disturbances and irregularities. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with the growth and development status of children post COVID-19. This study used a cross-sectional design involved 292 children under five who had been treated at a type A hospital in Jakarta from July 2021 to December 2022. The sample was taken using a purposive sampling technique. The results showed that there was no significant relationship between gender, comorbidities, severity, and length of stay with weight growth status according to age. There was no significant relationship between age, sex, comorbidities, severity, and length of stay with growth status in length or height according to age. There was no significant relationship between age, sex, comorbidities, severity, and length of stay with developmental status. There is a significant relationship between age and growth status of weight for age and length or height for age. The most dominant factor related to developmental status is boys aged 25 to 36 months. There is a significant relationship between length of stay and comorbidities with developmental status. The most dominant factor related to the child's developmental status is co-morbid. Because there are some factors related to the growth and development status of post-COVID-19 children, discharge planning related to growth and development can be given to families, so that families can continue to stimulate growth and development. Researchers recommend that hospital management optimize the implementation of discharge planning related to children's growth and development and for the health office to optimize health services in the community, so that children can still receive stimulation services for sustainable growth and development after the child is discharged from the hospital."

"Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan karies gigi pada murid SD di Kota Jambi Tahun 2014. Penelitian menggunakan desain cross sectional. Hasil penelitian diperoleh 59,3% responden karies gigi. Susunan gigi dan derajat keasaman saliva merupakan faktor yang berhubungan dengan karies gigi, dimana responden dengan derajat keasaman saliva yang tidak normal berisiko terjadi karies gigi 2,6 kali dibanding yang normal setelah dikontrol oleh susunan gigi dan kebersihan gigi dan mulut. Susunan gigi tidak teratur berisiko terjadi karies gigi 2,6 kali dibanding yang teratur, setelah dikontrol oleh derajat keasaman saliva dan kebersihan gigi dan mulut. Disarankan untuk meningkatkan upaya promotif dan preventif pada murid SD di Kota Jambi.

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The purpose of this study to determine the factors associated with dental caries in primary school students in the city of Jambi 2014. The study used a cross-sectional design. The results were obtained 59.3 % of respondents dental caries. Arrangement of the teeth and saliva acidity is a factor associated with dental caries, where respondents with the degree of acidity abnormal salivary caries risk occurs 2.6 times compared to normal after controlled by the arrangement of teeth and oral hygiene. The composition of irregular teeth caries risk occurs 2.6 times compared to regular, once controlled by the acidity of saliva and oral hygiene. It is recommended to increase the promotive and preventive primary school students in the city of Jambi."

"Penyakit diare masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat karena masih menjadi penyebab kematian yang cukup tinggi di Indonesia. Pada tahun 2015, prevalensi balita yang meninggal karena diare secara global sebesar 9% (UNICEF, 2016). Berdasarkan data dari Riskesdas tahun 2013, insiden diare pada kelompok usia balita di Indonesia adalah 10,2%. Berdasarkan Riskesdas tahun 2013, prevalensi diare di provinsi Jawa Barat sebesar 7,5%, kemudian pada Riskesdas tahun 2018 prevalensi diare di provinsi Jawa Barat meningkat menjadi sebesar 8,6%. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian diare pada balita di Provinsi Jawa Barat tahun 2017. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi Cross Sectional. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yang berasal dari Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia (SDKI) tahun 2017. Sampel yang digunakan adalah balita berusia 0-59 bulan di Provinsi Jawa Barat yang terdata di SDKI 2017, dan yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi adalah sebanyak 1.554 balita. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi kejadian diare pada balita di Provinsi Jawa Barat tahun 2017 adalah sebesar 15,6% (242 balita). Hasil uji bivariat menunjukkan faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian diare adalah balita usia ≤ 1 tahun (OR 1,62; 95% CI 1,23-2,13; p=0,001), sarana sanitasi (OR 1,52; 95% CI 1,14-2,03; p=0,005), dan sumber air minum (OR 1,34; 95% CI 1,01-1,79; p=0,047). Salah satu cara untuk mencegah terjadinya diare pada balita adalah dengan menjaga kebersihan lingkungan serta menerapkan pola hidup bersih dan sehat.

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Disease is still a public health problem because it is still a fairly high cause of death in Indonesia. In 2015, the prevalence of children under five years who died from diarrhea globally was 9% (UNICEF, 2016). Based on Riskesdas data in 2018 the incidence of diarrhea in Indonesia was 10,2%. Based on Riskesdas data in 2013 the prevalence of diarrhea in West Java province was 7,5%, then based on Riskesdas in 2018 the prevalence of diarrhea in West Java province increased to 8.6%. The purpose of this research is to find out the description of the factors that associated with the incidence of diarrhea in children under five years in West Java Province in 2017. This study uses a Cross Sectional study design. Data that used is secondary data based from the Demographic Survey and Indonesian Health (IDHS) in 2017. The sample used is children aged 0-59 months in West Java Province, recorded in the 2017 IDHS, and samples that meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria are 1.554 children. The research result showed that the prevalence of diarrhea in West Java province in 2017 was 15,6% (242 children). The results of the bivariate test showed that the factors associated with the incidence of diarrhea were children aged ≤ 1 year (OR 1,62; 95% CI 1,23-2,13; p=0,001), sanitation facilities (OR 1,52; 95% CI 1,14-2,03; p=0,005), and source of drinking water (OR 1,34; 95% CI 1,01-1,79; p=0,047). To prevent diarrhea in children under five years is keep the environmental clean and healthy lifestyle."

"Diare merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan yang menjadi penyebab utana morbiditas dab mortalitas bagi bayi dan anak di seluruh dunia. Di DKI Jakarta khususnya wilayah Jakarta Timur memiliki angka kasus diare tertinggi yaitu Kecamatan Cakung yaitu 5179 kasus Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui distribusi kejadian diare berdasarkan faktor anak dan faktor ibu. Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer, menggunakan disain penelitian Cross sectional. Dengan jumlah sampel 96 ibu yang membawa balita berkunjung ke Puskesmas Kecamatan Cakung. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kejadian diare adalah 46,9%. Kejadian diare memiliki hubungan yang bermakna dengan riwayat pemberian ASI eksklusif (PR 3,432 (CI 95% 1,474 ? 7,991), status imunisasi campak (PR 7,692 (CI 95% 0,88 ? 66,56), pengetahuan ibu (PR 7,196 (CI 95% 2,915 ? 17,76), dan perilaku mencuci tangan ibu (PR 2,489 ( CI 95% 0,995 ? 6, 228).

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Diarrhea is one of the health problems are a major cause of morbidity and mortality for infants and children around the world. In Jakarta, especially East Jakarta has the highest number of cases of diarrhea Puskesmas Cakung ie 5179 cases. This study aims to determine the distribution of the incidence of diarrhea by factors child and maternal factors. The research using a cross sectional study design. With a total sample 96 mothers carrying toddlers visiting Puskesmas Cakung. Results showed that the incidence of diarrhea was 46.9%. The incidence of diarrhea has a significant relationship with a history of exclusive breastfeeding (PR 3.432 (95% CI 1.474 to 7.991), measles immunization status (PR 7.692 (95% CI 0.88 to 66.56), knowledge of mothers (PR 7.196 (CI 95 % 2.915 to 17.76), and the mother's hand washing (PR 2.489 (95% CI 0.995 to 6, 228)."