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"The bottom sea samples were collected from Java sea, Bali strait, and Karimata strait. Those samples were identified systematically and discovered three new species of bentonic foraminifera, i.e. queenqueloculina aberensis n.sp., triloculina malayensis n.sp., n triloculina siuriensis n.sp. all of these species are included in the family of miliolidae. "

"Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mempelajari karakteristik dan variabilitas angin yang membangkitkan gelombang laut di perairan selat Karimata dan laut Jawa. Data yang digunakan adalah arah dan kecepatan angin ketinggian 10 meter pengamatan tiap 6 jam tahun 2005 - 2010. Berdasarkan hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa arah dan kecepatan angin dominan saat musim barat di selat Karimata dari baratlaut - utara, kecepatan angin antara 5 - 10 knots, puncak gelombang tertinggi antara 4 - 5 meter. Sedangkan di laut Jawa, angin dominan dari barat - baratlaut, kecepatan berkisar antara 10 - 15 knots dengan puncak gelombang tertinggi mencapai 3,5 - 4 meter, puncak tertinggi terjadi di bulan Desember - Januari dan terendah bulan April. Saat musim angin timur di selat Karimata, angin dominan dari tenggara - selatan, di laut Jawa dominan dari timur - tenggara, kecepatan angin di kedua wilayah ini antara 10 - 15 knots. Puncak gelombang tinggi di musim ini terjadi bulan Juli - Agustus dengan gelombang tertinggi mencapai 2,5 - 3 meter dan puncak terendah terjadi bulan Nopember. Frekuensi tinggi gelombang  2 meter 20 - 30% di laut Jawa bagian timur dan selat Karimata bagian utara terjadi bulan Januari.

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This study was conducted to study the characteristics and variability of wind generating waves in the ocean waters of the Karimata strait and Java sea. The data utilized here are the 10 meters direction and wind speed observation height in every 6 hours in 2005 to 2010. The analysis results indicate that the dominant wind direction and speed during the wind west season in the Karimata strait is from northwest - north, with the wind speed ranged between 50 - 10 knots, the highest peak of the wave is between 4 - 5 meters. While in Java Sea, the dominant winds is from the west - northwest, with the velocity ranged between 10 - 15 knots and the highest wave peaks reaching 3.5 to 4 meters, the highest peak occurred on December-January and the lowest was on April. As the east wind season in the east Karimata strait, the dominant winds is from the southeast - south, in the Java Sea the dominant winds is from east - southeast, the wind speed in the second region between 10 - 15 knots. The wave height peak of the season occurs in July - August with the highest wave reached 2.5 - 3 meters and the lowest peak occurred in November. High-frequency waves  2 meters 20 - 30% in eastern Java Sea and the northern part of the Karimata strait occurred in January."

"Indonesia merupakan negara kepulauan di daerah tropis dengan 2 (dua) musim (hujan dan kemarau), yang sebagian besar daerahnya merupakan daerah lautan. Musim di Indonesia sangat dipengaruhi oleh aktivitas monsun dingin Asia Timur yang juga memberikan pengaruh terhadap munculnya aktivitas seruakan dingin Asia yang membawa massa udara dingin dari belahan bumi utara ke belahan bumi selatan melewati daerah kepulauan maritim (cross equatorial flow). Kondisi ini kemudian menyebabkan terbentuknya awan ? awan hujan yang merata dengan durasi yang cukup lama di daerah tersebut. Selain berdampak pada meningkatnya intensitas dan durasi hujan, seruakan dingin Asia diduga kuat juga memberikan dampak terhadap peningkatan tinggi gelombang di daerah tersebut. Hal ini dikarenakan pergerakan angin dominan yang bertiup cukup lama sehingga meningkatkan ketinggian gelombang, terutama di Selat Karimata dan Laut Jawa. Oleh karena masih sedikitnya penelitian mengenai hal tersebut, maka dianggap perlu untuk mencari hubungan antara seruakan dingin Asia dengan peningkatan tinggi gelombang, dalam hal ini di Selat Karimata dan Laut Jawa. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan sebab akibat, guna memperoleh gambaran mengenai akibat yang ditimbulkan oleh seruakan dingin terhadap kenaikan tinggi gelombang maksimum. Terdapat jeda waktu antara meningkatnya aktivitas seruakan dingin Asia di Laut Cina Selatan dengan meningkatnya tinggi gelombang di Selat Karimata dan Laut Jawa, sehingga dapat dilakukan antisipasi dini dampak gelombang tinggi yang ditimbulkan. Akhirnya hasil yang diharapkan dalam penelitian ini diharapkan mampu menjadi pengetahuan baru dalam melakukan prediksi tinggi gelombang di Selat Karimata dan Laut Jawa ketika terjadi seruakan dingin Asia.

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Indonesia is an archipelagic state in the tropical area with 2 (two) seasons (rainy season and dry season), which is predominantly covered by ocean. Seasons in Indonesia are highly affected by the activity of East Asian cold monsoon that also plays the role in the appearance of Asian cold surge activity which brings cold air mass from the northern hemisphere to the southern hemisphere through the maritime continent (cross equatorial flow). These condition consequently causes the formation of distributed rain clouds with relatively long duration in that area. In addition to the increases of rainfall intensity and duration, it is highly suspected that Asian cold surge also gives the impact in escalating wave height in the area. These are because the movement of prevailing wind in which it flows in a relatively long time so that it raise the height of the wave, especially in Karimata Strait and Java Sea.

Due to the lack of research on that topic, it is necessary to find the relationship between Asian cold surge and the escalation of wave height, which in this case, is focused in the area of Karimata Strait and Java Sea. Cause-effect approach is used, in order to acquire the depiction regarding the resulting effect of cold surge on maximum wave height escalation. There is a time delay between the increase of Asian Cold Surge activity and the escalation of wave height in Karimata Strait and Java Sea. Due to this premise, it is possible to perform an early anticipation on the upcoming impact of high wave. Finally, results of this research are expected to become a new knowledge in performing the prediction of wave height in Karimata Strait and Java Sea should the Asian cold surge occurs."

"Fokus dari skripsi ini adalah membahas mengenai kerja sama yang dilakukan oleh negara pantai dalam memberantas pembajakan di laut. Pembajakan di laut merupakan salah satu bentuk kejahatan yang cukup tua. Hukum internasional khususnya UNCLOS 1982, menyatakan bahwa pembajakan harus terjadi di laut lepas di luar yurisdiksi suatu negara. Namun demikian, saat ini berkembang bentuk pembajakan baru di mana pembajakan tidak terjadi di laut lepas melainkan di perairan pedalaman, laut teritorial, dan zona tambahan, contohnya yang ada di Selat Malaka. Selain di Selat Malaka pembajakan yang terjadi di Laut Cina Selatan sendiri masih terdapat perdebatan mengenai apakah pembajakan yang terjadi di Laut Cina Selatan masuk ke dalam pembajakan sebagaimana di maksud oleh UNCLOS 1982. Lebih lanjut, letak dari Selat Malaka dan Laut Cina Selatan yang berbatasan dengan beberapa negara pantai menimbulkan pertanyaan mengenai yurisdiksi negara manakah yang berwenang untuk menyelesaikan masalah tersebut. Upaya tunggal yang dilakukan oleh satu negara pantai tidak cukup untuk memberantas pembajakan dan luasnya lautan membutuhkan kerja sama dari negara-negara pantai untuk memberantas piracy dan armed robbery di Laut Cina Selatan dan Selat Malaka.

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Focus of the research is explaining regional cooperation which conducted by littoral states to combat piracy and armed robbery. Piracy is an old time crime. International law, particularly UNCLOS 1982 emphasized that piracy shall occur in the high seas beyond jurisdiction of any states. However, in modern times, a new form of piracy appeared. New form of piracy that so called armed robbery occurred in internal water, teritorial water, contigous zone of state, for instance piracy in Malacca Strait. Meanwhile, in South China Sea itself contention still exist to determine whether piracy that occurred in South China Sea can be classified as piracy within scope of UNCLOS 1982 or not. Moreover, Location of Malacca Strait and South China Sea which adjacent to littoral states raised a question with regard to jurisdiction to solve this problem. Effort from single state is not sufficient to combat piracy in the area it goes beyond vast of the sea required littoral states to cooperate to combat piracy and armed robbery in South China Sea and Malacca Strait."

"Two new species of the genus concentrodiscus khursevich, moisseeva & Sukhova and one new species of the genus. Alveophora Miosseva & nevretdinova studied with light (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) have been distinguished from the upper miocene sediments of the BDP -98 core, Lake Baikal...."

"A sedimentology survey was conducted during “Pelayaran Kebangsaan� research activities with a marine vessel of "Baruna Jaya VIII" in Karimun Java Sea. The objectives of the research were to determine the characteristics of marine water and its sediment, which are important control for coral reef growth in the study area. The survey acquired samples of Total Suspended Sediment (TSS) and gravity coring. Several analyses were then carried out on those samples; TSS analysis to determine the amount of suspended sediments in sea water that reflect the water quality for marine ecology, stratigraphic profile and sediment thickness pattern analyses to determine the sources of sediment, and grain-size analysis based on granulometry to determine deposition energy and grain-size distribution in the area. Those analyses were both conducted on-board Baruna Jaya VIII research vessel and P2O LIPI laboratory in Jakarta. The results showed that in Java Sea nearby Karimun Java Islands, the sediment supply came from the surrounding islands. Two sedimentary units were found in this area. The first units has thickness of tens centimeter from sea bed surface. It is characterized by grayish green color, grain size variation from clay to coarse sand, soft or low density and abundance with shells. The second unit is located beneath the first one, indicated by sharp contact. It is characterized by brownish color, higher density resembling the density of rock, less compacted and can be broken easily by hand, with occasionally thin carbon lenses or remnant of decomposed vegetation, and less shell or fossil At sea surface, TSS distribution shows value between 0.018 and 0.034 gr/l, with average of 0.025 gr/l, whereas at near bottom sea, it ranges between 0.024 and 0.030 gr/l, with average value of 0.027 gr/l. The granulometry shows that more than 50% of sediment is characterized by the abundance of grain size greater than 3 phi. It suggest that sea water around Karimun Java Islands was clear and the current was relatively calm. These conditions were relatively stable for a long time span. Those sea characteristics were important for successful growth of coral reefs and its complementary marine biotas. However, further studies and researches based on chemical and physical characteristics of sea water, and plankton and microbiology variation and abundances are necessary to confirm those presuppositions"