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"Close proximity of the maxillary roots and the sinus floor makes a dental disease a probable cause of maxillary sinusitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of periapical radiography and cone beam computed tomography in defining the topographic relationship of maxillary teeth to the sinus floor and detecting apical periodontitis and other odontogenic causes of the maxillary sinusitis. Out of 145 dental records from subjects (mean age 52 years, range 20-75 years; 89 females) referred to the Oral Imaging Centre, KU Leuven, periapical and CBCT images of the posterior maxilla were selected for further analysis. Anatomical relationship of maxillary teeth to the sinus floor, apical periodontitis and other etiological causes of soft tissue thickening were assessed with both imaging modalities. The results of this study demonstrated that periapical radiographs are not adequate in observing the anatomical relationship between maxillary molars and the sinus floor. CBCT showed an intimate relationship of 1st and 2nd molar with the maxillary sinus in 50 and 45% of the cases, respectively. Periapical radiography could only spot approximately 40% of apical periodontitis on posterior maxillary teeth and 3% of all apical infections extending to the sinus, seen on CBCT."

"Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui nilai rata-rata penurunan tinggi puncak tulang alveolar pada kelompok usia berisiko osteoporosis. Jarak tulang alveolar ke CEJ masing-masing gigi pada bagian mesial dan distal diukur pada gigi 36 atau 46 dari empat puluh lembar radiograf periapikal menggunakan penggaris (mm). Nilai rata-rata penurunan tinggi puncak tulang alveolar pada kelompok usia berisiko osteoporosis sebesar 3.50 ± 1.085 dengan nilai pada prelansia sebesar 3.15 ± 0.864 dan lansia sebesar 3.90 ± 1.156. Terdapat kecenderungan nilai rata- rata penurunan tinggi puncak tulang alveolar pada lansia lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan prelansia.

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This study is held to provide database of decreased alveolar bone crest height in risk ages of osteoporosis. The distance from alveolar bone crest to the CEJ for each tooth on mesial and distal side measured on 36 or 46 from forty periapical radiographs using ruler (mm). The average value of decreased alveolar bone crest height in risk ages of osteoporosis is 3.50 ± 1.085 which is 3.15 ± 0.864 in people age of 45-59 year old and 3.90 ± 1.156 in people age of 60-75 year old. Average value of decreased alveolar bone crest height in people age of 60-75 year old is higher than people age of 45-59 year old."

"Latar Belakang: Rapid Maxillary Expander RME yang sering digunakan dalam mengoreksi defisiensi maksila secara transversal memiliki beberapa keterbatasan, seperti usia dan efek samping yang secara klinis kurang menguntungkan. Maxillary Skeletal Expander MSE merupakan pengembangan RME yang dikombinasikan dengan miniscrew. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan distribusi stress akibat penggunaan RME dan MSE di Region of Interest ROI kraniomaksila, yaitu molar satu M1 , alveolar palatal di regio M1, sutura palatina, sutura zigomatik, miniscrew, dan palatum di sekitar lokasi insersi miniscrew. Metode: Tengkorak kering manusia dipindai dengan Cone ndash;Beam Computed Tomography untuk membuat model tiga dimensi 3D kraniomaksila. Analisis data dilakukan secara visual dan numerik. Hasil: Gambaran distribusi stress di kelompok RME berada di palatal mahkota M1, mesial alveolar palatal, dan korteks inferior sutura palatina. Gambaran distribusi stress di kelompok MSE berada di cusp distopalatal M1, palatal alveolar palatal, dan korteks inferior dan superior sutura palatina. Gambaran distribusi stress di sutura zigomatik pada kedua kelompok terkonsentrasi di sutura zigomatikotemporal, sedangkan pada miniscrew dan area sekelilingnya terkonsentrasi pada miniscrew anterior dan area palatal tulang di sekeliling miniscrew anterior. Kesimpulan: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna distribusi stress pada ROI M1, tulang alveolar palatal M1, sutura palatina, dan sutura zigomatik di antara kelompok model kraniomaksila 3D RME dan MSE.

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Background Transversal maxillary deficiency corrected with Rapid Maxillary Expander RME may result with some unfavorable side effects and limitations. Maxillary Skeletal Expander MSE , combined with miniscrews, was developed to overcome these drawbacks. This research was conducted to analyze the differences of stress distribution of maxillary expansion using RME and MSE in the Region of Interests ROIs first molars M1 , palatal alveolar bones of M1, palatine sutures, zygomatic sutures, miniscrews and their surrounding bones. Methods A dry skull was scanned using Cone Beam Computed Tomography, and rendered into a three dimensional 3D model of craniomaxillary structure. The data analysis was done visually and numerically. Result The stress distributions in RME group are located in palatal side of M1, mesial side of palatal alveolar of M1, and inferior cortex of palatine sutures. The stress distributions in MSE group are located in distopalatal cusp of M1, palatal side of palatal alveolar of M1, and inferior and superior cortex of palatine sutures. The stress distributions in zygomatic sutures on both groups are concentrated in zygomaticotemporal sutures, whereas in the miniscrews, the stress is concentrated on anterior miniscrews and palatal side of surrounding bones. Conclusion There are significant differences of stress distribution of maxillary expansion measured in the ROIs in craniomaxillary 3D model using RME and MSE."

"Latar Belakang: Celah bibir dan langit-langit merupakan kelainan bawaan yang umum ditemukan yang terjadi saat perkembangan janin karena kegagalan proses pertumbuhan organ wajah. Defisiensi pertumbuhan maksila secara tiga dimensi (3D) sering ditemukan pada penderita celah bibir dan langit-langit terutama pada kasus unilateral. Pasien yang telah menjalani prosedur operasi menunjukkan adanya penurunan tinggi basis kranial, maksila yang lebih pendek, retrograntik maksila berlebihan dan inklinasi gigi insisif atas dan bawah yang lebih ke lingual. Perawatan bertahap dibutuhkan untuk penanganan pasien dengan celah bibir dan langit-langit seperti bedah perbaikan tulang alveolar, restorasi prostodontik, dan koreksi dental definitif. Tujuan: Menganalisis pengaruh labioplasti dan palatoplasti terhadap tinggi maksila, volume sinus maksilaris dan ukuran sella turcica pada pasien celah bibir dan langit-langit unilateral. Material dan Metode: Penelitian analitik observasional dengan desain potong lintang. Subjek penelitian ini adalah anak berusia ³13 tahun dengan celah bibir dan langit-langit unilateral, telah dilakukan labioplasti dan palatoplasti, serta tidak mengikuti prosedur perawatan ortodontik cekat di RSAB Harapan Kita, Jakarta dalam kurun waktu 2011-2013. Berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi diperoleh jumlah samepl sebanyak 12 subjek. Setiap subjek dilakukan pengambilan gambaran radiografi CBCT untuk penilaian tinggi maksila, volume sinus maksilaris dan ukuran sella turcica. Perbandingan tinggi maksila dan volume sinus maksilaris dilakukan pada sisi celah dan sisi normal, sedangkan perbandingan ukuran sella turcica dilakukan secara deskriptif menggunakan data sekunder. Hasil penelitian: Terdapat perbedaan tinggi maksila dan volume sinus maksilaris yang signifikan antara sisi celah dan sisi normal (p=0,00 dan p=0,01). Terdapat perbedaan ukuran lebar dan kedalaman sella turcica antara subjek dengan kelompok kontrol. Kesimpulan: Labioplasti dan palatoplasti mempengaruhi tinggi maksila, volume sinus maksilaris dan ukuran sella turcica pada pasien dengan celah bibir dan langit-langit unilateral

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Background: Cleft lip and palate is a common congenital disorder that formed during fetal development due to failure of the developmental processes of the face. Three-dimensional (3D) maxillary growth deficiency is often found in patients with cleft lip and palate, particularly in unilateral cases. Patients who had undergone surgical procedures show a decrease on cranial base height, shorter maxilla, severe maxillary retrograntic and more lingual inclination of upper and lower incisor teeth. Multistage treatment is neccessary for patients with the lips and palate such as alveolar bone repair, prosthodontic restoration, and definitive dental correction. Objective: To analyze the effect of labioplasty and palatoplasty to maxillary height, maxillary sinus volume and sella turcica size in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate. Materials and Methods: Observational analytic study with cross-sectional design. The subjects of this study were children ³13-years-old with unilateral cleft lip and palate, had undergone labioplasty and palatoplasty, and did not undergo fixed orthodontic treatment procedures at RSAB Harapan Kita, Jakarta in the period of 2011-2013. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 12 subjects were obtained. Each subject took a CBCT radiographic to assess the maxillary height, maxillary sinus volume and sella turcica size. Comparison of maxillary height and maxillary sinus volume was performed on the cleft and normal sides, while the comparison of the size of the sella turcica was performed descriptively using secondary data. Results: There are significant differences in the maxilla height and maxillary sinus volume between the cleft side and the normal side (p = 0.00 and p = 0.01). There is a difference in width and height of the sella turcica between the subject and the control group. Conclusion: Labioplasty and palatoplasty affect maxillary height, maxillary sinus volume and sella turcica size in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate."

"Latar Belakang: Rinosinusitis kronis diasosiasikan dengan abnormalitas variasi anatomi pada kompleks ostiomeatal, salah satunya variasi proseus unsinatus. Pola perlekatan superior diketahui memiliki korelasi signifikan dengan sinusitis frontalis, namun belum terdapat laporan mengenai korelasi dengan kejadian sinusitis maksilaris. Tujuan: Menilai hubungan antara tipe perlekatan superior prosesus unsinatus dengan ada tidaknya konkha bullosa terhadap kejadian sinusitis kronis maksila. Metode: Sebanyak 262 pasien memenuhi kriteria penelitian studi kasus-kontrol yang telah dilakukan pemeriksaan HRCT scan kepala leher selama tahun 2020 hingga 2023. Analisis bivariat dilakukan pada faktor risiko kelompok usia dan faktor risiko gabungan tipe perlekatan superior dengan adanya konkha bullosa, disajikan dalam nilai Odds Ratio (OR) dengan Interval Kepercayaan (IK) 95%. Hasil: Kelompok usia 31-60 tahun pada kedua kelompok mempunyai nilai OR sebesar 2,11 (1,16-3,81 IK 95%; p <0,05) dan kelompok usia 61-82 tahun pada kedua kelompok mempunyai nilai OR 2,82 (1,20-6,61 IK 95%; p <0,05) dibandingkan kelompok usia 18-30 tahun. Perlekatan superior prosesus unsinatus tipe II dengan konkha bullosa mempunyai nilai OR 2,58 (1,28-5,20 IK 95%; p <0,05) dan tanpa konkha bullosa mempunyai nilai OR 2,53 (1,66-3,87 IK 95%; p <0,05). Kesimpulan: Terdapat peningkatan risiko terjadinya sinusitis kronis maksila pada perlekatan superior tipe II dibandingkan dengan perlekatan tipe I.

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Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis is associated with anatomical variations in the ostiomeatal complex, including uncinate process variations. The superior attachment pattern is known to have a significant correlation with frontal sinusitis, but there have been no reports on its correlation with the occurrence of maxillary sinusitis. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between the superior attachment of the uncinate process and the presence or absence of concha bullosa in the occurrence of chronic maxillary sinusitis. Method: A total of 262 patients met the criteria for a case-control research study, undergoing head and neck HRCT scans from 2020 to 2023. Bivariate analysis was conducted on age group risk factors and the combined risk factors of superior attachment type with the presence of concha bullosa, presented as Odds Ratio (OR) with a 95% Confidence Interval (CI). Results: In both study groups, the OR of 31-60 year-old group was 2,11 (95% CI 1,16-3,81; p <0,05), and the OR of 61-82 year-old group was 2,82 (95% CI 1,20-6,61; p <0,05) compared to the 18-30 year-old group. Superior attachment of uncinate process type II with concha bullosa had an OR of 2,58 (95% CI 1,28-5,20; p <0,05), and without concha bullosa, the OR was 2,53 (95% CI 1,66-3,87; p <0,05). Conclusion: There is an increased risk of chronic maxillary sinusitis in superior attachment type II compared to attachment type I.

Keywords: superior attachment of uncinate process, concha bullosa, chronic maxillary sinusitis"

"Sinus maksilaris merupakan struktur kraniofasial yang dapat digunakan untuk perkiraan jenis kelamin berdasarkan pengukuran morfometriknya dari gambaran CT-scan. Pada penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya didapakan ukuran morfometrik berbeda-beda pada setiap populasi, karena dipengaruhi oleh faktor ras. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mencari nilai diagnostik dari ukuran morfometrik panjang, lebar, tinggi dan volume sinus maksilaris terhadap perkiraan jenis kelamin berdasarkan gambaran CT-Scan Maksilofasial pada suatu populasi dewasa di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang terhadap 420 sinus maksilaris yang didapatkan dari hasil randomisasi data CT-Scan Maksilofasial pada populasi usia 20-50 tahun di RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta. Analisis bivariat menggunakan uji t tidak berpasangan dan analisis multivariat menggunakan uji regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan nilai rerata masing-masing laki-laki dan perempuan sebesar 3,90 ± 0,3 cm dan 3.74 ± 0,3 cm pada panjang; 3.42 ± 0,6 cm dan 3.32 ± 0.5 cm pada lebar; 4.29 ± 0,6 cm dan 3.78 ± 0,4 pada tinggi; dan 7.02 ± 1.8 cc dan 6.52 ± 1.3 cc pada volume. Berdasarkan ukuran panjang, lebar, dan tinggi, didapatkan rumus y = -10,760 + 1,319*(P) – 1,647*(L) + 2,796*(T); dengan nilai cut-off sebesar 0,0606 poin, yang memberikan nilai akurasi 79,2%. Berdasarkan ukuran volume didapatkan rumus y = -1,444 + 0,213*(Volume); dengan nilai cut-off sebesar 0,2845 poin, yang memberikan nilai akurasi 58,3%. Dari penelitian ini didapatkan pengukuran morfometrik panjang, lebar, tinggi, dan volume sinus maksilaris dari gambaran CT-Scan maksilofasial dapat digunakan untuk perkiraan jenis kelamin.

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Maxillary sinus is one of maxillofacial structure which can be used in sex estimation based on its morphometric measurement from CT image. Based on the previous studies, the morphometric of maxillary sinus were different in each population, because it was influenced by race. The aim of this study is to find diagnostic value from the morphometric of length, width, height and volume of maxillary sinus from maxillofacial CT image in Indonesian adult population to estimate sex. This study uses a cross-sectional design of 420 maxillary sinus obtained from randomized CT images data in population aged 20-50 years at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta. Bivariate analysis using independent T-test and multivariate analysis using logistic regression test. In this study, mean score for men and women is (3.90 ± 0.3) cm and (3.74 ± 0.3) cm on length; (3.42 ± 0.6) cm and (3.32 ± 0.5) cm on width; (4.29 ± 0.6) cm and (3.78 ± 0.4) on height; and (7.02 ± 1.8) cc and (6.52 ± 1.3) cc on volume, respectively. Based on length, width and height, estimation formula is y = -10.760 + 1.319*(L) – 1.647*(W) + 2.796*(H); with cut-off 0,0606 point, given accuracy score of 79,2%. Based on volume, estimation formula is y = -1.444 + 0.213*(volume); with cut-off point 0,2845 point, given accuracy score of 58,3%. The study showed that the morphometric measurement of maxillary sinus from CT image can be used to estimate sex."

"Latar Belakang: Sinus Frontalis merupakan salah satu tanda anatomis yang penting dalam forensik odontologi sebagai penentu jenis kelamin. Keunikan dan kekuatan sinus frontalis menjadi salah satu alasan bahwa sinus frontalis penting dalam menentukan jenis kelamin. Salah satu cara untuk menganalisisnya adalah dengan mengukur dimensi sinus frontalis melalui radiografi sefalometri posteroanterior (PA), sebagai radiografi kedua paling umum digunakan terutama pada perawatan ortodonsia. Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis dimensi sinus frontalis dengan metode radiomorfometrik pada radiografi sefalometri posteroanterior nondigital untuk penentuan jenis kelamin. Metode: Menganalisis dimensi sinus frontalis dengan 4 parameter yaitu tinggi maksimum sisi kiri dan kanan, serta lebar maksimum sisi kiri dan kanan pada 200 sampel radiografi sefalometri posteroanterior (PA). Hasil: Parameter dimensi sinus frontalis berupa tinggi maksimum sisi kiri laki-laki 27.73 mm, perempuan 22.53 mm; lebar maksimum sisi kiri laki-laki 42.77 mm; perempuan 38.29 mm, tinggi maksimum sisi kanan laki-laki 23.19 mm; perempuan 19.86 mm, lebar maksimum sisi kanan laki-laki 40.18 mm; perempuan 36.04 mm. Kesimpulan: Adanya perbedaan signifikan tinggi dan lebar maksimum sinus frontalis sisi kiri dan kanan pada laki-laki dan perempuan. Persamaan regresi probabilitas jenis kelamin dengan akurasi tertinggi pada penelitian ini yaitu dengan menggabungkan keempat parameter dimensi sinus frontalis dan memiliki akurasi sebesar 79%.

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Background: Frontal sinus is one of the important anatomical landmark in Forensic Odontology as a gender determinant. The uniqueness and strength of the frontal sinus is one of the reasons that the frontal sinus is important in determining gender. One way to analyze it is to measure the dimension of the frontal sinus through cephalometry posteroanterior (PA) radiography, as the second most commonly used radiograph, especially in orthodontic treatment.

Objective: To analyze the dimensions of the frontal sinus using the radiomorphometric method on a non-digital posteroanterior cephalometric radiograph for gender determination.

Method: Analyzing the dimensions of the frontal sinus with 4 parameters, which are the maximum height of the left and right sides, and the maximum width of the left and right sides in 200 posteroanterior cephalometry samples.

Result: The dimensions of the frontal sinus are the maximum height of the left side for male 27.73 mm, female 22.53 mm; Maximum left side width for male 42.77 mm, female 38.29 mm; Maximum height of the right side for male 23.19 mm, female 19.86 mm; The maximum width of the right side for male is 40.18 mm, for female is 36.04 mm.

Conclusion: There is a significant differences in the height and maximum width of the left and right frontal sinus in men and women. The gender probability regression equation with the highest accuracy in this study is by combining the four parameters of the frontal sinus dimension and has an accuracy of 79%.

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"Alveolar osteitis (AO) continues to be a significant postoperative problem associated with the surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars. This study aims to investigate the prevalence differences of AO between female and male patients with postoperative surgical removal of these teeth. An ex post facto approach was used, with a total of 60 cases of removed impacted third molars recorded from 24 female and 38 male patients. an incidence of AO was defined to imply a painful condition that occurs after the surgical removal of teeth, usually beginning 3 to 5 days after surgery. Also, on examination the tooth socket appears to be empty with a partially or completely lost blood clot, and the bone surfaces of the socket are exposed. The results were analyzed using Chi-square test and showed significant differences in the prevalence of AO between male and female patients (a < 0.05). The prevalence of AO was 41.7% in female and 16.7% in male patients. In conclusion, female patients show a significantly higher prevalence of AO than male patients."

"Latar Belakang: Identifikasi jenis kelamin membutuhkan sarana yang terjangkau dengan realibilitas yang baik, terutama pada kondisi jenazah yang terbakar hebat, rusak, atau terdekomposisi. Sinus maksilaris dan kanalis mandibularis merupakan salah satu struktur yang dapat digunakan untuk prakiraan jenis kelamin. Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) adalah metode non infasif yang dapat memberikan gambaran struktur anatomis maksilofasial termasuk sinus maksilaris dan kanalis mandibularis dengan resolusi yang tinggi, sehingga untuk kepentingan identifikasi forensik dapat memberikan pengukuran dengan akurasi tinggi. Tujuan: Hasil analisis perbedaan ukuran sinus maksilaris dan posisi kanalis mandibularis diharapkan dapat digunakan untuk prakiraan jenis kelamin. Metode: Membandingkan ukuran sinus maksilaris dan posisi kanalis mandibularis antara jenis kelamin menggunakan CBCT.Hasil: Perbedaan yang bermakna pada ukuran sinus maksilaris, serta jarak dari kanalis mandibularis ke batas inferior mandibula antara laki-laki dan perempuan. Kesimpulan: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada tinggi, panjang, dan lebar sinus maksilaris antara laki-laki dan perempuan, dengan nilai rerata masing-masing laki-laki dan perempuan sebesar 39.4 ± 4.6 dan 33.9 ± 4.8 pada tinggi, 39.9 ± 3.2 dan 37.4 ± 2.4 pada panjang, serta 31.1 ± 4.6 dan 28.6 ± 3.8 pada lebar sinus maksilaris. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada jarak dari kanalis mandibularis ke batas inferior mandibula antara laki-laki dan perempuan, dengan nilai rerata pada laki-laki dan perempuan yaitu sebesar 7.7 ± 1.7 dan 6.8 ± 1.5. Berdasarkan ukuran tinggi dan panjang sinus maksilaris, serta jarak dari kanalis mandibularis ke batas inferior mandibula maka didapatkan rumus P = 1/1+e- [-16.613 + (<0.183 x TSM) + (0.204 x PSM) + (0.260 x JIKM)] untuk prakiraan jenis kelamin, dengan nilai ≥ 0.5 pada laki-laki dan < 0.5 pada perempuan.

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Background: Gender identification requires a tool which has high reliability, especially in the conditions of the bodies that are severely burned, damaged, or decomposed. The maxillary sinus and mandibular canal are one of the maxillofacial structure that can be used to identify the gender. Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) is a non-invasive method which can visualize the anatomical of the maxillofacial structure including the maxillary sinus and mandibular canal with high-resolution so that CBCT can provide better measurements for forensic identification.

Aim: The results of the study can show the differences in maxillary sinus size and mandibular canal position which are expected to be used for gender identification.

Methods: Comparing the maxillary sinus size and mandibular canal position between genders using CBCT.

Result: The maxillary sinus sizes and the distance from the mandibular canal to the inferior border of the mandible between men and women were significantly different.

Summary: There were significant differences in the height, length, and width of the maxillary sinus between men and women, with the mean value of men and women, respectively were 39.4 ± 4.6 mm and 33.9 ± 4.8 mm for height, 39.9 ± 3.2 mm and 37.4 ± 2.4 mm for length, and 31.1 ± 4.6 mm and 28.6 ± 3.8 mm for width of the maxillary sinus. There was a significant difference in the distance from the mandibular canal to the inferior border of the mandible between men and women, with a mean value were 7.7 ± 1.7 mm and 6.8 ± 1.5 mm. Based on the height and length of the maxillary sinus, which exclude the width of the maxillary sinus, and the distance from the mandibular canal to the inferior border of the mandible, the formula for gender estimation was P = 1/1+e- [-16.613 + (0.183 x Height of maxillary sinus) + (0.204 x Length of maxillary sinus) + (0.260 x JIKM). The distance from the mandibular canal to the inferior border of the mandible with male values ≥ 0.5 whereas for women when < 0.5."

"Latar Belakang: Perubahan degeneratif pada TMJ dapat menyebabkan perubahan morfologi kondilus mandibula. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi perubahan degeneratif TMJ yaitu kehilangan gigi posterior yang tidak diganti. Modalitas CBCT memberikan gambar multiplanar bidang aksial, sagital dan koronal sehingga mempermudah visualisasi TMJ secara menyeluruh, sehingga CBCT dapat menjadi modalitas alternatif untuk mengevaluasi keadaan TMJ terutama morfologi kondilus. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk meneliti perubahan morfologi kondilus mandibula pada evaluasi CBCT yang berhubungan dengan jumlah kehilangan gigi posterior, kelompok usia dan jenis kelamin. Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan perubahan morfologi kondilus mandibula berdasarkan jumlah kehilangan gigi posterior pada kelompok usia 30 – 45 tahun dengan kelompok usia 55 – 70 tahun pada evaluasi CBCT. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian retrospektif analitik cross sectional. Pengumpulan sampel dilakukan menggunakan metode Non-Probability Sampling dengan teknik Purposive Sampling dan didapatkan sebanyak 70 sampel volume data CBCT. Rekonstruksi dilakukan menggunakan Software CS Imaging Patient Browser 7.0.23 dan CS 3D Imaging v3.8.7. Carestream Health Inc. Kondilus mandibula dibedakan antara sisi kanan dan kiri, hasil rekonstruksi diambil dari potongan sagital dan koronal anteroposterior. Pengamatan dilakukan dua orang, sebanyak dua kali dalam jangka waktu berbeda dan jarak waktu dua minggu. Uji reliabilitas hasil pengamatan dilakukan menggunakan Uji Cohen’s Kappa dan hasil uji intraobserver dan intraobserver menunjukan angka 0.814 – 1.000 yang termasuk dalam kategori almost perfect agreement. Hasil: Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara perubahan morfologi kondilus mandibula dengan jumlah kehilangan gigi posterior pada kelompok usia 30 – 45 tahun dan kelompok usia 55 – 70 tahun dalam bentuk erosi, flattening, dan sklerosis (p= <0.005). Pada variabel jenis kelamin tidak ditemukan hubungan yang bermakna (p= >0.005). Kesimpulan: Dari keseluruhan hasil penelitian dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa semakin banyak jumlah kehilangan gigi dan semakin bertambahnya usia, memiliki hubungan dan dapat menyebabkan terjadinya perubahan morfologi kondilus mandibula.

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Background: Degenerative changes in the TMJ can lead to changes in the morphology of the mandibular condyle. One of the factors that affect degenerative changes in the TMJ is the loss of posterior teeth that are not replaced. CBCT modality provides multiplanar images in axial, sagittal, and coronal planes making it easier to visualize the TMJ thoroughly, therefore CBCT can be an alternative modality to evaluate the TMJ condition, specifically the morphology of the condyles. This study aimed to examine the morphological changes of the mandibular condyle on CBCT evaluation with the number of missing posterior teeth, age group, and gender. Objective: To determine the relationship between changes in the morphology of the mandibular condyle based on the number of missing posterior teeth in the age group 30-45 years and the age group 55-70 years. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional analytic retrospective study. Sample collection was carried out using the Non-Probability Sampling method with the Purposive Sampling technique. Reconstruction was performed using CS Imaging Patient Browser 7.0.23 and CS 3D Imaging v3.8.7 Software from Carestream Health Inc. The mandibular condyle was divided into right and left, and the results of the reconstruction were taken from the sagittal and coronal anteroposterior sections. Observations were made by two people, two times in different periods with an interval of two weeks. The reliability test from the observations using Cohen's Kappa test and the results showed almost perfect agreement category with Kappa value 0.814 - 1.000. Results: There was a significant relationship between changes in the morphology of the mandibular condyle in the form of erosion, flattening, and sclerosis with the number of missing posterior teeth in the age group 30-45 years and the age group 55-70 years (p = <0.005). In the gender variable, there was no significant relationship with changes in the morphology of the condyle (p = > 0.005). Conclusion: It can be concluded that the greater number of missing teeth and the older the subject gets has relationship with and can cause changes in the morphology of the mandibular condyle."