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"The following discussion particularly stresses the techniques or research methodologies concerned with urban environment assessment. Given the fact that monitoring the quality of the urban environment is prime, some practical approaches to that problem are seriously needed. Due to the complex nature of the urban environment in terms of the elements, interrelationships of elements, and dynamic nature of their interactions, the author devises a model in the form of a combination approach to assess the urban environmental condition."

"Perkembangan penelitian untuk pesawat tanpa awak mulai banyak dilakukan. Penggunaan pesawat tanpa awak sangat beragam seperti contohnya dari sekedar hobi bermain menerbangkan pesawat tanpa awak dengan menggunakan remote control hingga penggunaan pesawat tanpa awak untuk keperluan fotografi udara. Manfaat atau penggunaan dari pesawat tanpa awak bisa disebut sebagai sebuah misi. Misi dari suatu pesawat menjadi acuan awal untuk melakukan proses perancangan atau desain. Dari misi pesawat tersebut didapatkan sejumlah persyaratan tertentu yang harus bisa dipenuhi oleh desain pesawat itu sendiri.Pada tahap desain konseptual pesawat akan diawali dengan penentuan sejumlah persyaratan yang akan menjadi titik acuan dalam proses tahapan perancangan. Kemudian setelah persyaratan misi pesawat telah ditentukan maka proses selanjutnya adalah penentuan berat pesawat. Dari penentuan berat pesawat ini maka akan didapatkan data awal untuk menentukan luas sayap yang berfungsi untuk dapat menghasilkan gaya angkat. Kemudian akan diperhitungkan juga berapa besar tenaga yang dibutuhkan unutk dapat mendorong pesawat tersebut. Ukuran badan pesawat akan diperhitungkan dengan memperkirakan kebutuhan muatan yang akan dibawa didalam badan pesawat. Dimensi ekor pesawat akan ditentukan dengan memperkirakan besarnya momen yang terjadi untuk mengembalikan sikap pesawat pada posisi semula. Hasil akhir dari desain konseptual adalah sebuah tampilan konsep pesawat dalam tiga tampilan gambar. Dari hasil konsep desain pesawat tanpa awak tersebut selanjutnya akan dilakukan analisis awal yang meliputi pengujian model dalam perangkat lunak XFLR5 dan pengujian model dalam terowongan angin subsonik. Dari hasil pengujian adalah pemenuhan terhadap persyaratan prestasi terbang yang pada fase jarak take off, rate of climb,jarak landing dan jarak tempuh terbang sudah dapat memenuhi persyaratan misi yang telah ditentukan namun untuk prestasi terbang kecepatan stall belum dapat terpenuhi.

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Research developments for unmanned aircraft have been made. The use of unmanned aircraft is very diverse as for example from a hobby of flying unmanned aircraft by using the remote control until the use of unmanned aircraft for the purposes of aerial photography. The benefits or use of an unmanned aircraft may be referred to as a mission. The mission of a plane becomes the initial reference for the design or design process. From the mission of the aircraft is obtained a number of certain requirements that must be met by the design of the aircraft itself. In the conceptual design stage the aircraft will begin with the determination of a number of requirements that will be the reference point in the design stage process. Then after the aircraft mission requirements have been determined then the next process is the determination of the aircraft weight. From the determination of this aircraft weight will be obtained preliminary data to determine the area of the wing that serves to produce lift. Then will also be taken into account how much energy needed to be able to push the plane. The size of the fuselage will be calculated by estimating the need for the load to be carried inside the fuselage. The tail dimension of the aircraft will be determined by estimating the magnitude of the moment to restore the aircraft 39 s original position. The final result of the conceptual design is a concept airplane display in three display images. From the results of the draft concept of unmanned aircraft will then be conducted preliminary analysis which includes model testing in XFLR5 software and model testing in subsonic wind tunnel. From the test results is the fulfillment of the requirements of the achievement of the fly in the phase of the distance take off, rate of climb, landing distance and range of flying can meet the requirements of the mission that has been determined but for the achievement of flying stall speed can not be achieved.Keywords conceptual design unmanned aircraft wind tunnel."

"This article presents findings of the reseacrh carried out in Bribin catchment, Gunung Kidul Regency, Yogyakarta Special Province, Indonesia. The research aims at finding out how aerial photograps help in evaluating the characteristics of karst hydrology in the study area, and also to identify ways of preserving limestone karst topography within the study area. In this study, the reseacher used remote sensing techniques with SPOT images, and panchromatic as well as infrared aerial photographs scaled at 1 : 50,000 and 1 : 30,000 respectively. Field work was also employed in primaty data collection. To identify the hydrologic potential phenomena that need to be preserved, spatial and qualitative analysis methods were used."