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"Investigations underlying this study were carried out within the framework of the Nuffic Serayu Valley Project. To survey the disturbances of the natural balance due to environmental changes, many soil profiles have been studied; some inconsiderably detail. One of these will be discussed thoroughly. The results enabled a reconstruction of the Quaternary landscape development of the Serayu Valley to be made. The Quaternary history of Serayu River basin is characterized by a succession of stable and unstable phases in landscape development, each leaving its specific effects in soil Alternation of the landscape forming processes as well as changes in climate and vegetation types can be deduced from the soil profile investigated. During the last two centuries erosive processes prevailed as deforestation increased enormously, induced by the growing demand for arable land. Consequently, the erosion rate has multiplied and soils developed under previous environments have been largely eroded. This accelerated soil erosion has already resulted in a decrease of the available agricultural land and the rural population is forced to bring marginal areas into use."

"ABSTRACTCitarum Harum is a program to restore the Citarum River. The problem of waste and sewage and the existence of the strategic Citarum River by splitting West Java Province are very supportive of economic growth, especially labour-intensive industries that can absorb a lot of labour into serious problems. Citarum, which is known as one of the dirtiest rivers in the world, urges the government to immediately issue regulations to start the restoration of the Citarum River Basin (DAS Citarum). Citarum watershed pollution and damage mitigation measures in an integrated strategic pace for control and law enforcement that integrate authority between government agencies and stakeholders related to Citarum watershed recovery based on Presidential Regulation No. 15 of 2018 concerning Acceleration of Pollution and Damage Control in the Citarum River Basin. Various steps and methods were taken to restore the Citarum watershed, as well as communication and coordination of the central government with various related parties such as the Environmental Service Office (DLH) of the West Java Provincial Government and Kodam III Siliwangi to be enhanced to immediately realize Harum Citarum."

"Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah membangun model peningkatan resiliensi sistem sosio-hidrologis melalui tata kelola air polisentrik yang mengintegrasikan resiliensi komunitas untuk menjamin keberlanjutan fungsi ekosistem sungai di Wilayah Sungai Citarum. Metode yang digunakan adalah formula matematis untuk menghitung vulnerability index dengan menggunakan data sekunder dari berbagai institusi pengelola Wilayah Sungai Citarum, yang selanjutnya disebut sebagai WS Citarum. Hasil perhitungan vulnerability index digunakan sebagai dasar penetapan status resiliensi sistem sosio-hidrologis WS Citarum. Selain itu digunakan pula permodelan statistik Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak LISREL versi 8.7 untuk menetapkan resiliensi komunitas. Resiliensi komunitas dianalisis berdasarkan data primer hasil pengukuran modal sosial masyarakat (social capital) dan nilai, keyakinan, norma serta perilaku peduli lingkungan (values, beliefs, norms and pro-environmental behavior), individu anggota masyarakat di WS Citarum. Model konseptual upaya peningkatan resiliensi sistem sosio-hidrologis dibangun menggunakan permodelan system dynamics dengan perangkat lunak VensimPLE versi 9.3.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa vulnerability index (VI) di Wilayah Sungai Citarum adalah sebesar 1,80 pada Zona Citarum Hulu yang menunjukkan bahwa sistem sosio-hidrologis pada zona ini berada pada status rentan sedang (moderate vulnerability). Sedangkan pada Zona Citarum Tengah, nilai VI adalah 2,52 dan pada Zona Citarum Hilir adalah 2,06, yang menunjukkan bahwa sistem sosio-hidrologis pada kedua zona tersebut berada pada status sangat rentan (significant vulnerability). Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah bahwa untuk mengatasi kerentanan sistem sosio-hidrologis di WS Citarum diperlukan implementasi model peningkatan resiliensi sistem sosio-hidrologis melalui intervensi tata kelola air polisentrik. Tata kelola air polisentrik yang didukung oleh aksi kolektif masyarakat dengan kekuatan modal sosial dan perilaku peduli lingkungan, sebagai wujud resiliensi komunitas, diharapkan dapat mencapai keberlanjutan fungsi ekosistem sungai di Wilayah Sungai Citarum.

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The main objective of this research was to develop a model representing the resilience of the socio-hydrological system through polycentric water governance that integrates community resilience to ensure the sustainability of river ecosystem services in the Citarum River Basin. The method used in this study is a mathematical formula to calculate the vulnerability index using secondary data from various institutions managing the Citarum River Basin (CRB). The results of the vulnerability index calculations were used as the basis for determining the resilience of the CRB socio-hydrological system. Furthermore, statistical modeling of structural equation Modelling (SEM) using LISREL software version 8.7 is also used to assess community resilience. Community resilience was analyzed based on primary data from the results of measuring community social capital and the values, beliefs, norms, and pro-environmental behavior of individual community members in the Citarum River Basin. A conceptual model representing the resilience of the socio-hydrological system was built using system dynamics modeling with the VensimPLE software version 9.3.0. The results show that the vulnerability index (VI) in the Citarum River Basin is 1.80 in the upstream zone, indicating that the socio-hydrological system in this zone is moderately vulnerable. In the middle zone, the value of VI is 2.52 and in the downstream zone, it is 2.06, which indicates that the socio-hydrological system in the two zones is significantly vulnerable. This study concludes that to overcome the vulnerability of the socio-hydrological system in the Citarum River Basin, it is necessary to implement a model to increase the resilience of the socio-hydrological system through polycentric water governance interventions. Polycentric water governance supported by collective community action with the strength of social capital and pro-environmental behavior as a form of community resilience will achieve the sustainability of river ecosystem services in the Citarum River Basin.

"

"Pinggiran Sungai Ciliwung menjadi sebuah kawasan padat penduduk dikarenakan pemandangannya yang indah serta harga tanah yang murah. Namun ternyata terdapat gua bawah tanah pada tebing pinggiran sungai tersebut. Gua bawah tanah ini terbentuk akibat pengambilan pasir oleh manusia sejak dahulu. Oleh karenanya, hal ini merupakan sebuah ancaman bila terdapat banyak bangunan di atasnya. Jika dinding gua tidak kuat menahan beban di atasnya, akan terjadi bencana seperti sinkhole yang dapat mengakibatkan banyak korban. Adanya gua bawah tanah berisi udara pada pinggiran sungai yang memiliki nilai resistivitas mencapai 1500 m membuat kontras nilai resistivitas yang sangat jauh dibandingkan sekitarnya. Karena itu, metode resistivitas dengan konfigurasi dipole-dipole digunakan dalam penelitian ini agar dapat mendeteksi keberadaan dan kontinuitas gua bawah tanah tersebut. Agar dapat terlihat dengan jelas kontinuitasnya, pada penelitian ini terdapat 5 buah lintasan dengan jarak spasi antar elektroda sepanjang 2 meter. Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan data yang telah diambil, terdeteksi adanya anomali gua bawah tanah dengan ukuran tinggi dan lebar 1,5x1,5 meter serta nilai resistivitas berkisar antara 1400-1500 m serta dapat diperkirakan kontinuitasnya.

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Ciliwung River ridge becomes a densely populated area due to its beautiful scenery and cheap land prices. But apparently there is an underground cave on the cliff edge of the river. This underground cave was formed due to sand taking by humans from the past. Therefore, this is a threat if there are many buildings on it. If the cave wall is not strong to hold the burden on it, there will be a disaster like sinkhole that can lead to many victims. The existence of an air filled underground cave on the edge of the river that has a resistivity value reaching 1500 m makes the contrast of resistivity value very far compared to its surroundings. Therefore, the resistivity method with dipole dipole array is used in this study in order to detect the existence and continuity of the underground cave. To be clearly visible continuity, in this research there are 5 pieces of line with spacing between electrode along the 2 meters. Based on the results of data processing has been taken, the cave underground anomalies detected with a height and width of 1,5x1,5 meters and resistivity value ranges between 1400 1500 m and can be estimated continuity."

"

ABSTRAK

Nama                        :    Resha Ayu Putri Belinawati

Program Studi          :    Ilmu Lingkungan

Judul                        :    Studi Masyarakat Desa Jelegong Mengenai Pencemaran Sungai Citarum, Terkait Posisi Pemerintah Daerah Jawa Barat Dalam Menghadapi SDGs 6.3 Air dan Sanitasi.

.

Pencemaran sungai Citarum sudah menjadi isu dunia, sungai Citarum adalah satu dari sepuluh sungai yang paling tercemar di dunia. Beberapa kebijakan telah dibuat oleh pemerintah daerah Jawa Barat dalam upaya menanggulangi pencemaran sungai Citarum, namun masih terjadi hingga saat ini. Saat ini Indonesia dihadapkan dengan tujuan global yaitu SDGs, setiap negara harus mencapai dari tujuan tersebut. Masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana Pemerintah Daerah Jawa Barat menangani pencemaran yang terjadi di sungai Citarum. Riset ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran Pemerintah Daerah Jawa Barat untuk menghadapi SDGs, khususnya dalam penanganan sungai Citarum. Metode riset yang digunakan adalah teori sistem politik, pembagunan berkelanjutan,  teori studi komparatif, ekologi politik, dan sustainability. Hasil riset yang didapat Pemerintah Daerah Jawa Barat telah memiliki peraturan mengenai pencemaran sungai Citarum, namun hingga saat ini sungai Citarum masih tercemar. Kesimpulan yang didapat Pemerintah Daerah Jawa Barat masih dikatakan kurang, khususnya dalam hal pengawasan.

Kata kunci: Pembangunan Berkelanjutan, Citarum, SDGs 6.3, Sistem Politik, Ekologi Politik

 

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ABSTRACT

Name                        :    Resha Ayu Putri Belinawati

Study Program         :    Environmental Science

Title                          :    Community Study Jelegong Village A Pollution Of Citarum River, Related To The Position Of The West Java Government In The Effort Of Facing SDGs 6.3 Water and Sanitation

 

Pollution of the Citarum River has become a world issue, where the Citarum River is one of the ten most polluted rivers in the world. Several policies have been made by the West Java regional government in response to the Citarum river pollution but still occur today. At present Indonesia is faced with the global goal of SDGs, where each country must achieve that goal. The problem in this research is how the West Java Regional Government handles pollution that occurs in the Citarum River. This research aims to analyze the extent of the role of the Java Barat Regional Government in dealing with SDGs, especially in handling the Citarum River. The research methods used are political system theory, sustainable development, comparative study theory, political ecology, and sustainability. The results of the research obtained by the West Java regional government have regulations regarding pollution of the Citarum River, but until now the Citarum River is still polluted. The conclusions obtained by the West Java Regional Government are still said to be lacking especially in terms of supervision.

 

Keyword: Sustainable Development, Citarum, SDGs 6.3, Political System, Ecological Politic 

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"Degradasi ekosistem dan lingkungan di DAS Komering disebabkan oleh deforestasi dan konversi lahan yang signifikan di daerah hulu dan tengah. Konversi lahan menyebabkan erosi di bagian hulu dan secara bersamaan mengakibatkan sedimentasi di bagian hilir, dan pada akhirnya akan mengubah alur sungai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis morfodinamika alur sungai yang terjadi di Sungai Komering pada tahun 1990, 1997, 2000, 2010, dan 2016. Perubahan alur sungai diidentifikasi dengan menggunakan interpretasi data citra penginderaan jauh dan perhitungan indeks sinuositas pada alur sungai yang mengalami perubahan. Data penginderaan jauh yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah citra Landsat multitemporal untuk mendapatkan data perubahan alur sungai secara multitemporal, sedangkan indeks sinuositas digunakan sebagai indikator sekaligus metode untuk mengukur perubahan alur sungai yang terjadi.Penelitian ini menemukan terdapat perubahan alur sungai pada sebelas lokasi di Sungai Komering dalam kurun waktu 1990 - 2016, dimana lima lokasi cenderung semakin lurus dan enam lokasi cenderung lebih berbelok. Perubahan alur yang terjadi di Sungai Komering diakibatkan oleh erosi di bagian hulu dan sedimentasi di bagian hilir yang menyebabkan perubahan debit sungai ——sebagai konsekuensi dari alih fungsi lahan di DAS Komering, terutama dari hutan menjadi non-hutan.

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Ecosystem and environmental degradation in the Komering watershed is caused by significant deforestation and land conversion in the upstream and midstream areas. Land conversion causes erosion in the upstream and simultaneously results in sedimentation in the downstream; consequently changing the Komering River's channel. This study aimed to analyze the morphodynamics of river channels that occurred in the Komering River in 1990, 1997, 2000, 2010, and 2016. River channel changes were identified by using remote sensing imagery data interpretation and sinuosity index calculation on the changed river channel. The remote sensing data used in this study is the multitemporal Landsat image to obtain multitemporal river channel change data; the sinuosity index is used as an indicator at once to measure river channel changes that occur.

This study found that there were river channel changes at eleven locations in the Komering River in the period 1990 - 2016, where five locations tended to be straighter and six locations tended to be more turned. The channel changes that occur in the Komering River resulted from erosion in upstream and sedimentation downstream which caused changes in river discharge——as a consequence of land use conversion in the Komering watershed, especially from forest to non-forest.This study's results also reinforce indications of environmental degradation in the Komering watershed."

"Banjir yang terus melanda wilayah Kampung Pulo, Kelurahan Kampung Melayu, Jakarta Timur menyebabkan banyak kerugian, terutama kerugian ekonomi yang diterima oleh masyarakat terdampak. Hal ini membuat pemerintah DKI Jakarta merencanakan normalisasi Sungai Ciliwung yang tertuang dalam Peraturan Daerah Nomor 1 Tahun 2012 tentang Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah Tahun 2030 dan Peraturan Daerah Nomor 1 Tahun 2014 tentang Rencana Detil Tata Ruang RDTR. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengestimasi manfaat yang diterima masyarakat setelah proyek normalisasi sungai selesai, menghitung nilai sekarang bersih net present value dari dampak normalisasi sungai berdasarkan selisih estimasi manfaat yang diterima masyarakat setelah proyek normalisasi sungai selesai dengan biaya normalisasi sungai, dan menganalisis kelayakan proyek normalisasi sungai berdasarkan nilai sekarang bersih NPV. Pendekatan penelitian kuantitatif dan menggunakan metode kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian yaitu estimasi manfaat yang diterima masyarakat setelah proyek normalisasi adalah sebesar Rp 4 miliar. Nilai sekarang bersih net present value dari dampak normalisasi sungai adalah sebesar Rp -169,79 miliar. Dari aspek lingkungan, normalisasi sungai juga merusak ekosistem sempadan sungai. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah proyek normalisasi sungai yang memiliki hasil nilai sekarang bersih net present value negatif NPV < 0 , maka dapat dikatakan bahwa proyek normalisasi sungai ini tidak layak untuk dilaksanakan.

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Floods continue to hit Kampung Pulo, part of Kampung Melayu village, East Jakarta and caused a lot of losses, especially economic losses which affected communities. This problem makes DKI Jakarta rsquo s goverment plan a decision to normalize Ciliwung river that contained in the Regional Regulation No. 1 2012 on Spatial Plan 2030 and Regional Regulation No. 1 2014 on Detailed Spatial Plan RDTR.

The aims of this study is to estimate benefit which accepted by communities after river normalization project, calculate the net present value NPV of river normalization based on difference between the estimated benefit which accepted by communities as a result of floods before river normalization, and to analyzed feasibility river normalization rsquo s project based on net present value NPV . This research use quantitative approach and quantitative method.

The results of this study, that estimated of the benefits received by the community after normalization project is around IDR 4 billion. The net present value NPV of the river normalization project is around IDR 169,79 billion and can be said that normalization project is not feasible. From the environmental aspect, the normalization of rivers also damaged riparian ecosystem. The conclusion of this study is the river normalization project which has the result of net present value NPV negative NPV 0 , it can be said that the normalization of the river project is not feasible."

"Identifikasi rongga bawah permukaan sangat penting dalam bidang geoteknik. Rongga bawah permukaan dapat memberikan dampak negatif seperti kesalahan penentuan dimensi pondasi bangunan hingga kerusakan jalan. Oleh karena itu, identifikasi geometri serta posisi rongga bawah permukaan menjadi penting. Hal ini dilakukan untuk mendapatkan rekomendasi kelayakan bagi infrastruktur yang akan berdiri di atasnya. Akuisisi data di lapangan untuk mengidentifikasi rongga bawah permukaan ini telah dilakukan di Kampung Kemiri Muka Depok, di DAS Ciliwung Kampung Kemiri Muka Depok menggunakan Gravity Gradient Vertical dengan luas wilayah pengukuran sekitar 35 m x 20 m. Dari data yang kami miliki, teridentifikasi adanya rongga bawah permukaan di bagian utara daerah pengukuran.

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Subsurface cave identification is crucial in geotechnical aspect. It's existence can give negative effects, such as the fault of foundation dimension determination and the road damage. Therefore, it's important to identificate the geometry and the positition of the subsurface cave. The result will give an infrastructure feasibility recommendation to be built above it surface. This survey is conducted at Kemiri Muka Depok Village along side The Ciliwung River using Gravity Gradient Vertical configuration with the Area of Interest 35 m x 20 m. Based on the data result, there is a subsurface cave identified at the north of acquisition field."

"Kualitas air Sungai Ciliwung semakin hari semakin menurun. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan konsentrasi TSS (Total Suspenden Solid), COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), Nitrit dan Ammonia yang telah melebihi baku mutu (TSS>100 ppm, COD>10 ppm, Nitrit>0.06 ppm, Ammonia>0.02 ppm) (Delinom et al., 2002). Tetapi pada kenyataannya air Sungai Ciliwung masih digunakan masyarakat sekitar untuk memenuhi berbagai keperluan sehari-hari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas air Sungai Ciliwung periode tahun 2000-2010 dibandingkan dengan Keputusan Gububernur DKI Jakarta No. 582/1995. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode analisis deskriptif dengan jumlah sampel sekunder sebanyak 272. Parameter kualitas air yang digunakan sebagai indikator adalah Total Dissolved Suspended (TDS), Kekeruhan, Phospat, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) Dissolved Oxygen (DO), dan Fecal coli. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa sebagian besar parameter telah melebihi baku mutu kecuali TDS di bagian hulu sungai. Dari hasil uji bivariat diketahui sebagian besar konsentrasi parameter meningkat dari hulu ke hilir. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan nilai P<0.05. Untuk perbedaan konsentrasi di musim hujan dan musim kemarau, parameter yang memiliki perbedaan yang signifikan yaitu BOD, Phospat, dan COD (P<0.05). Sedangkan untuk perbedaan konsentrasi periode tahun 2000-2005 dan periode tahun 2006-2010 parameter yang memiliki perbedaan yang signifikan yaitu COD dan DO (P<0.05). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah Air Sungai Ciliwung menurut parameter yang diteliti sudah tidak sesuai peruntukannya.

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Over the time, water quality of Ciliwung River was under the standart. The concentration of some parameters such as TSS (Total Suspenden Solid), COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), Nitrite and Ammonia above a threshold limit (TSS>100 ppm, COD>10 ppm, Nitrite>0.06 ppm, Ammonia>0.02 ppm) (Delinom et al., 2002). But in the reality people around the river area still used the water for their daily activities.

The purpose of this study was to compare the water quality to according Keputusan Gububernur DKI Jakarta No. 582/1995. This study use descriptive analysis method with 272 secondary samples. The parameter of water quality which include as indicator of the assessment were Total Dissolved Suspended (TDS), Turbidity, Phospate, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) Dissolved Oxygen (DO), and Fecal coli.

The result should that most of parameters were over the threshold limit except TDS consentration in the upstreams. Bivariate analysis showed most of the parameters increase from the upstream to downstream with P<0.05. BOD, Phospat, and COD had the significant differences between rainy and dry season (P<0.05). Mean while COD and DO which had the significant differences in 2000-2005 to 2006-2007 periode time (P<0.05).

The conclusion of this study was Ciliwung river water according to the studied parameters are not appropriate designation."

"Nowadays, severe flooding frequently occurs in various parts of Thailand resulted from changesin climatic condition and land use patterns. The flooding has caused great damages to propertiesand lives and affects country economy. Experience from the most severe flooding in the northernand central regions of Thailand in the year 2011 reveals that reliable flood warning system is stilllagging. For flood warning purpose, it is necessary to have an accurate flood routing system. Thisstudy is aimed at developing mathematical models for flood routing so as to provide data for floodwarning. Two different models are developed, i.e., kinematic overland flow model and kinematicstream flow model. The finite element method with Galerkin’s weighted residual technique is usedin model development. The second order Runge-Kutta method is applied to solve the set ofdifferential equations obtained from finite element formulation. The developed models are appliedto simulate flows in the Wang river basin in the northern region of Thailand during July 1 -October 31, 2011 when severe flooding occurred in this region. Model calibration is made byadjusting some parameters in the models and comparing the obtained results with measured datarecorded by RID at 5 stream flow gauge stations along the Wang river. For correlation analysis.three statistical indices are determined, these include coefficient of determination, R2, Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient, NSE, and coefficient of variation of the root mean squareerror, CV(RMSE). It is found that the model results at the upstream portion of the riversatisfactorily agree with the observed data, with the values of R2 greater than 0.55 and CV(RMSE)less than 0.57. For the downstream portion of the river, there are remarkable differences betweenthe model results and the observed data. The values of R2 are less than 0.35, CV(RMSE) greaterthan 0.76, and the NSE values are less than 0.16. This might be due to some errors in the inputdata, including rainfall pattern, topography, land use, river cross-sectional area, and water seepagealong the river. More detailed field investigation and model calibration are still needed."