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"The paper examines fertility differentials between the rural and urban areas of the former Bendel State. Studies in the 1960s show no discernible pattern of rural-urban fertility differentials in Africa Nigeria inclusive. Although some studies have recorded urban fertility being actually higher than the rural, others have shown the contrary with the rural areas having higher fertility level. There is therefore, the need for a clarification of the controversy. The present paper aims at filling this gap by establishing if fertility differentials between both communities are myth or reality in Bendel State."

"Reality television is shown worldwide, features people from all walks of life and covers everything from romance to religion. It has not only changed television, but every other area of the media. So why has reality TV become such a huge phenomenon, and what is its future in an age of streaming and social media?"

"Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui kondisi keluarga miskin di perdesaan dan perkotaan. Jenis penelitian adalah deskriptif menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Lokasi penelitian ditentukan secara community setting dengan kategori wilayah administrasi, yaitu dengan mengambil setting daerah perkotaan dan perdesaan. Sasaran dan objek penelitian keluarga miskin yang teresgister dan keluarga miskin yang tidak teregister layanan program pemerintah. Berdasarkan hal tersebut ditentukan 600 keluarga miskin di wilayah perdesaan dan 600 di wilayah perkotaan. Objek penelitian adalah kondisi keluarga miskin yang ada di perdesaan dan perkotaan. Teknik pengumpulan data digunakan kuesioner dan observasi. Data penelitian diolah secara manual dan komputasi dengan menggunakan bantuan program Excel dan program statistik SPSS versi 17.00 for windows. Data yang bersifat kualitatif dianalisis secara deskriptif dan kemudian diberi makna (interpretatif). Hasil penelitian ditemukan adanya perbedaan dan persamaan kondisi kemiskinan di perdesaan dan perkotaan. Perasamaan antara lain: keluarga miskin mempunyai anggota rata-rata 3-4 orang, frekuensi makan dua kali sehari, tidak mempunyai pekerjaan sampingan, tidak mempunyai keterampilan, pekerjaan ada di sektor informal, berpartisipasi dalam kegiatan sosial di lingkungannya, membelanjakan uang untuk kebutuhan dasar, kurang adanya budaya menabung dan kurang mendapat kesempatan dalam pengambilan keputusan di berbagai bidang kehidupan, terbatasnya aksesbilitas layanan sosial, terbatasnya kepemilikam aset. Perbedaan antara lain: perdesaan berpendidikan sebagian besar SD, pekerjaan buruh tetap atau tidak tetap pertanian, kepemilikan rumah milik sendiri, ada pembagian ruangan sesuai fungsinya, dan bahan bakar utama kayu, sedangkan perkotaan bervariasi dari SD, SMP, dan SMA; buruh tetap atau tidak tetap non pertanian, kepemilikan rumah sewa atau kontrak, tidak ada pembagian ruangan sesuai fungsi masing-masing ruangan, dan bahan bakar utama gasa atau listrik serta perbedaan partisipasi sosial desa lebih tinggi keterlibatannya daripada perkotaan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, direkomendasikan kepada Kementerian Sosial melalui Direktorat Jendral Penangulangan Fakir Miskin Perkotaan dan Perdesaan, perlunya instrumen indikator kemiskinan yang tepat dalam rangka mengidentifikasi keluarga miskin, sehingganada ketepatan sasaran dalam program-program yang akan diterapkan, agar keluarga miskin dapat cepat terentaskan."

"This book explores how news media construct social issues and events and thereby convey certain perceptions within the scope of framing theory. By operationalizing media framing as a process of interpretation through defining problem, diagnosing causes, making moral judgments and suggesting solutions, the book proposes a systematic and transparent approach to images in news discourse. Based on a frame analysis, it examines how German news media framed a list of China-related issues and events, and thereby conveyed particular beliefs and opinions on this country. Moreover, it investigates whether there were dominant patterns of interpretation and the extent to which diverse views were evident by comparing two major daily newspapers with opposite political orientations - the FAZ and the taz. Motivated by the relationship between image and reality, the book explores image formation and persistence from media construction of meaning and human cognitive complexity in perceiving others. Media select certain issues and events and then interpret them from particular perspectives. A variety of professional and non-professional factors behind news making may result in biased representations. In addition, from a social psychological perspective, inaccurate perceptions of foreign cultures may arise from categorical thinking, biased processing of stimulus information, intergroup conflicts of interest and in-group favoritism.Accordingly, whether media coverage deviates from reality is not the main concern of this book; instead, it emphasizes the underlying logics upon which the conclusions and judgments were drawn. It therefore contributes to a rational understanding of Western discourse and holds practical implications for both Chinese public diplomacy and a more constructive role of news media in promoting the understanding of others."