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"Some state policies as outlined in the legislation related to the economic system contain weakness, which led the state to have bear a lot of subsidies, while the ability of the state budgets are relatively low. The implications of the weak state economy directly affect the welfare and improvement of budgetary constraints that support for the implementation of national defence system. The limited ability of the military in national defence system influencing the emergence of problems as obstacle to national development."

"This paper discusses about Indonesian government policies towards defence industries revitalisation agenda. Indonesian national defence industries consist of many companies. This paper though will only analyse prime contractors industries represented by PT Pindad, PT DI, and PT PAL. Those industries are still suffered from various challenges. To overcome, Indonesian government made several policies. However, those policies have not been sufficient enough to achieve its purpose. Revolution of military and business affairs theory are used as the grand theory of this research. As recommendation this paper emphasis on the need of comprehensive legal framework and forum that involve all related stakeholders. To fulfil these needs, the government should adopt the concept of minimum essential procurement as complement of minimum essential force concept in order to achieve defence self-reliance."

"Skripsi ini membahas regulasi Holding Company di Indonesia. Sebagaimana yang kita ketahui, konsep dari Holding Company adalah konsep yang umum di berbagai Negara tetapi hal tersebut berbeda di Indonesia, bahwa konsep ini tidaklah umum. Pada kenyataanya, Indonesia mempunyai peraturan perundangundangan yang mengatur tentang Holding Company. berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut, penulis mencoba untuk mengajukan pokok permasalahan, yang dimana adalah sebagai berikut :1. Bagaimanakah pengaturan Holding Company yang tersebar di dalam peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku di Indonesia? 2. Bagaimanakah urgensi dari harmonisasi dari peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku di Indonesia? Dibagian terakhir dari skripsi ini, penulis mendapatkan kesimpulan bahwa pengaturan Holding Company di Indonesia tidak konsisten.

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This thesis is discusses about the regulations of Holding Company in Indonesia. As we know it, the concept of Holding Company is common concept in many country but in Indonesia, this concept is not common. In fact, Indonesia has a regulations that regulated the Holding Company. Based on that problems, the writer tried to submit the reseacrh questions, which are : 1. How is the regulation of Holding Company that distributed in legislation that applies in Indonesia? 2. How is the urgency of harmonisation regulation of holding company in Indonesia?. In a last part this thesis, the writer get the conclusion that the regulation of holding company is not consistent."

"Skripsi ini membahas bentuk mekanisme pertahanan perdagangan (trade defence) menurut perjanjian WTO dan membandingkan bentuk mekanisme pertahanan perdagangan pada sektor baja di Amerika Serikat (AS) dan Masyarakat Ekonomi Eropa (MEE) dengan Indonesia. Hal ini karena baja merupakan sektor yang paling terpengaruh oleh tindakan pertahanan perdagangan (khususnya anti- dumping dan safeguard). Hasil penelitian yang menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan komparatif, menyimpulkan bahwa terdapat setidaknya tiga bentuk mekanisme pertahanan perdagangan menurut perjanjian WTO yaitu, anti-dumping, countervailing, dan safeguard. Adapun berdasarkan hasil perbandingan, pengaturan trade defence pada sektor baja di AS dan MEE memiliki ketentuan tentang anti-circumvention, sedangkan di Indonesia tidak. Adanya pengaturan anti-circumvention ini menguatkan tindakan anti-dumping AS dan MEE, sehingga negara-negara tersebut mampu melindungi industri baja dalam negerinya dari kerugian akibat perdagangan yang tidak seimbang. Indonesia belum memiliki pengaturan anti-circumvention, sehingga Bea Masuk Anti-Dumping yang diterapkan menjadi tidak efektif. Oleh karena itu, untuk melindungi industri baja domestik, perlu pengaturan anti- circumvention dalam tata hukum Indonesia yang setidaknya mencakup bentuk- bentuk circumvention dan prosedur tindakan, sebagaimana yang telah dilakukan Amerika Serikat dan Masyarakat Ekonomi Eropa.

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This thesis discusses the forms of trade defence mechanisms regulated by WTO agreement and compares the form of trade defence mechanisms in steel sector that applied by the United States (US) and the European Union (EU) with Indonesia. This is because steel is the most affected sector by trade defence, especially anti- dumping and safeguard measures. Result of this normative legal research through a statutory and comparative approach conclude that there are at least three forms of trade defence mechanisms according to WTO agreement, i.e. anti-dumping, countervailing, and safeguard. As based on the result of comparison, the trade defence regulation in the steel sector at US and EU has provision regarding anti- circumvention, whereas in Indonesia does not. With the existence of anti- circumvention provisions, it reinforces US and EU anti-dumping actions, so that these countries are able to protect the domestic steel industry from injury due to unfair trade. Indonesia does not have anti-circumvention provision yet, so that the anti-dumping duty applied becomes ineffective. Therefore, in order to protect the domestic steel industry, anti-circumvention provision is needed in the Indonesia legal system to regulate forms of circumvention and procedures of imposing anti- circumvention duty, as has been done by the United States and the European Union."

"The regulation of the RI Ministry of Industry regarding Low Cost Green Car (LCGC) is a reference for the automotive companies that manufacture vehicle segment and it becomes information to stock market participants. The purpose of this study is to determine the differences of the stock market reactions towards the announcement of the aforesaid regulation against the abnormal return and trading volume activities. It uses event study approach by observing the abnormal return and trading volume within 60 days period before and after the announcement of the regulation where PT Astra International Tbk and PT Indomobil Sukses International play as samples. Result indicates that there is no significant difference in the abnormal returns of the two companies. However, there is a significant trading volume activities within determined period."

"Menurut Pasal 1 UUD 1945, Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia adalah negara hukum yang demokratis. Penegasan oleh Pasal 1 UUD ini membawa berbagai macam konskuensi dalam bernegara. Salah satu nya adalah pembagian kekuasaan dalam negara kepada tiga fungsi, yaitu legislatif, eksekutif, dan yudikatif. Walaupun terdapat pembagian kekuasaan tersebut, UUD 1945 memberikan kekuasaan legislasi kepada Presiden sebagai eksekutif untuk mengeluarkan peraturan pemerintah yang dapat mengikat secara umum. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengetahui mengenai konsep pemisahan kekuasaan di Indonesia, dan (2) mengetahui mengenai kedudukan, fungsi, dan karakteristik peraturan perundang-undangan yang dikeluarkan Presiden berdasarkan kewenangan atribusi UUD 1945 pada keadaan normal dengan peraturan yang dikeluarkan dalam hal ikhwal kegentingan yang memaksa. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif yaitu penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengkaji penerapan kaidah-kaidah dalam hukum positif, termasuk juga studi kepustakaan yang terkait dengan objek penelitian. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa peraturan pemerintah yang dikeluarkan dalam keadaan normal berlaku untuk menjalankan undang-undang, sehingga berkedudukan di bawah undang-undang serta memiliki karakteristik sebagaimana peraturan di bawah undang-undang. Sedangkan peraturan pemerintah yang dikeluarkan dalam hal ihwal kegentingan yang memaksa berfungsi untuk menggantikan undang-undang secara sementara sehingga disejajarkan dengan undang-undang. Selain itu, peraturan pemerintah yang dikeluarkan dalam hal ihwal kegentingan yang memaksa memiliki dua alasan pembentukan yang tidak saling terikat, yaitu karena adanya kegentingan internal atau adanya kegentingan yang berasal dari luar pemerintahan. Dengan ditemukannya dua alasan pembentukan tersebut dalam penelitian ini, maka perlu dilakukan kajian lebih mendalam mengenai peraturan pemerintah jenis kedua, yaitu yang dibentuk dalam hal ihwal kegentingan yang memaksa.

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According to article 1 of the 1945 Constitution, the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia is a democratic rule of law. This clear statement brings various kinds of consequences in the state. One of which is to distribute power within the state into the legislative, executive, and judiciary. Although there is a distribution of powers, the 1945 Constitution provides legislation power for the President to issue government regulation that can bind legal subjects in the country. This study aims to find out (1) about the concept of distribution of power in Indonesia, (2) knowing about the position, function and characteristics of the regulations that is formed based on President's attribution authority within normal conditions and in a matter of coercive emergency. To achieve this goal, this study uses normative juridical methods, namely research that aims to examine the application of the rules in positive law, including literature studies related to the object of research. The results of this study indicate that government regulations which issued in a normal circumstances are applied to carry out the law, so it is placed under the law and has characteristics as it should be under the law. Whereas, the government regulation which issued in the case of coercive emergency is forced to function to replace the law on a temporary basis so that it is aligned with the law. In addition, government regulations which issued regarding the issue of coercive emergency have two reasons for its establishment that are not bound to one another, it is because of an internal concern or it is because a concern originating from outside the government. With the discovery of the two reasons for this establishment in this research, it is necessary to do a more in-depth study of the second type of government regulation, which is formed in the case of a matter of emergency."