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"This book provides an analysis of transmission power and network performance in different wireless communication networks. It presents the latest research and techniques for power and interference control and performance modeling in wireless communication networks with different network topologies, air interfaces, and transmission techniques. While studying the power distributions and resource management, the reader will also learn basic methodology and skills for problem formulations, can ascertain the complexity for designing radio resource management strategies in modern wireless communication networks, thus keeping pace with state-of-the-art research progress in radio transmission technologies."

"This book is a collection of papers from international experts presented at International Conference on NextGen Electronic Technologies (ICNETS2-2016). ICNETS2 encompassed six symposia covering all aspects of electronics and communications domains, including relevant nano/micro materials and devices. Presenting recent research on wireless communication networks and Internet of Things, the book will prove useful to researchers, professionals and students working in the core areas of electronics and their applications, especially in signal processing, embedded systems and networking."

"This SpringerBrief introduces the basics of wireless powered communication networks (WPCNs). In particular, the background and concept of WPCNs are briefly discussed. Moreover, this brief provides an extensive study of the recent developments in this area from an optimization perspective. Wireless powered communication network (WPCN) is a new network paradigm for IoT, where wireless devices (WDs) are powered by radio frequency (RF) based wireless power transfer (WPT) to eliminate the need for recharging or replacing the batteries manually and to prolong their lifetime.In this context, the brief also discusses some optimization problems for state-of-the-art scenarios of wireless powered communication networks.The target audiences for this SpringerBrief are researchers, engineers, and undergraduate and graduate-level students, who are studying or working in wireless powered communication networks and its performance optimization."

"Covers the low-power Wireless sensor network (WSN) services ranging from hardware platforms and communication protocols to network deployment, and sensor data collection and actuation. This book explains the implications of resource constraints and expected performance in terms of throughput, reliability and latency. "

"Pada era digital, internet seakan menjadi kebutuhan primer bagi manusia. Penggunaan internet khususnya internet nirkabel memiliki jangkauan sinyal yang terbatas dan pasti akan mendapat gangguan sinyal yang lebih besar dibanding jaringan dengan kabel karena penghalang berupa materi padat seperti dinding dan gedung tinggi yang juga dapat melemahkan sinyal dari jaringan internet nirkabel tersebut. Dengan menggunakan Power Line Communication (PLC), maka pentransmisian sinyal akan lebih baik karena sinyal internet ditumpangkan pada sinyal powerline dan pengiriman data dilakukan dengan menumpangkan sinyal data tersebut ke sinyal listrik pada jaringan listrik yang sudah ada. Namun, penggunaan saluran listrik AC juga berpotensi mendapatkan disturbansi yang ditimbulkan oleh sistem lain yang terhubung pada jaringan (open circut) yang sama seperti peralatan rumah tangga yang menggunakan sistem inverter, pemanas induksi, lampu fluorosen serta beban non linier, perangkat dengan prinsip kerja motor, dan sakelar catu daya yang umumnya terjadi pada rentang frekeunsi 2-150 Khz (Supraharmonik). Alat-alat tersebut menjadi pembangkit disturbansi elektromagnet yang dapat menyebabkan gangguan tingkat transmisi pada sistem PLC dengan menimbulkan malfungsi karena pengiriman data yang terpotong atau tidak sepenuhnya terkirim. Setiap alat menghasilkan tingkat dan frekuensi disturbansi yang berbeda. Sehingga, untuk mengetahui pengaruh disturbansi pada suatu frekuensi tertentu terhadap jaringan PLC, dilakukan penginjeksian disturbansi single frequency pada rentang 2-80 khz dan diamati pengaruhnya terhadap unjuk kerja PLC. Berdasarkan Hasil pengujian, disturbansi single frequency mempengaruhi unjuk kerja PLC dengan rata-rata peningkatan data lost sebesar 6,89% dibandingkan sebelum injeksi disturbans diberikan. Tren pengingkatan data lost juga dipengaruhi oleh radius antara transmitter dan receiver PLC dengan rata-rata peningkatan sebesar 22,16% setiap peningkatan radius 10 meter.

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In the digital era, internet seems to be a primary need for humans. The use of the internet, especially wireless internet, has a limited signal coverage and will definitely receive greater signal interference than wired networks because barriers in the form of materials such as walls and tall buildings can also weaken the signal from the wireless internet network. By using Power Line Communication (PLC), signal transmission will be better because the internet signal is superimposed on the powerline signal and data transmission is carried out by superimposing the data signal on the existing power grid. However, the use of AC power also has the potential to be affected by disturbances caused by other systems that connected to the same network (open circuit), such as household appliances that use inverter systems, induction heaters, fluorocene lamps, non-linear loads, devices with motor working principles, and power supply switches which generally occurs in the 2-150 Khz frequency range (Supraharmonic). These devices generate electromagnetic disturbances which can cause interference with the transmission rate of the PLC system and malfunctions due to interrupted or undeliverable data transmission. Each instrument produces a different level and frequency of disturbance. Thus, to determine the effect of the disturbance at a certain frequency on the PLC network, a single frequency disturbance was injected in the range 2-80 kHz and the effect was observed on the performance of the PLC network. Based on the test results, single frequency disturbance affects the PLC network performance with an average increase in lost data by 6.89% compared to before disturbance injection was given. The trend of increasing the lost data is also influenced by the radius between the transmitter and the PLC receiver with an average increase of 22.16% for every 10 meter radius increase."

"Channel estimation memiliki definisi untuk memperkirakan koefisien filter melalui sinyal yang diterima dan informasi lain yang dikenal. Ada beberapa metode channel estimation yang dapat diguanakan seperti minimum mean square error, least square, zero-force, maximum likelihood. Dalam penelitian ini, least square dan zero-force akan dibahas lebih lanjut. Kedua jenis ini dikenal umum sebagai jenis yang paling sederhana dan paling mudah untuk diterapkan di dalam komunikasi nirkabel. Meskipun metode lain seperti minimum mean square error atau maximum likelihood telah dikenal secara luas untuk memperkirakan kanal, metode tersebut terbukti sangat kompleks untuk diimplementasikan.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami efek dan membandingkan kinerja channel estimation dengan menggunakan kapasitas multi antenna seperti Single-Input Single Output (SISO), Multiple-Input Single-Output (MISO), Single-Input Multiple-Output (SIMO) dan Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO). Least square dan metode estimasi zero-force telah digunakan dengan memakai modulasi Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK), hal ini dikarenakan BPSK adalah metode phase shift keying yang paling sederhana untuk di implementasikan di dalam penelitian ini. Pertama-tama, segala parameter perlu dikonfigurasi terlebih dahulu untuk digunakan di dalam simulasi. Kemudian, data dalam sistem pilot dikirim ke penerima menggunakan modulasi BPSK di setiap sistem multi antenna dengan menggunakan saluran nirkabel yang berbeda. Lalu, Alamouti encoder dieksekusi khusus untuk sistem MIMO dan MISO. Setelah itu, least square dan zero-force diterapkan dan tingkat kesalahan bit atau dengan nama lain bit error rate (BER) dapat dicapai dengan menyamakan sinyal yang ditransmisikan. Kemudian, analisa hasil data dengan membandingkan kinerja least square dan zero-force dapat dicapai. Pada akhirnya, hasil yang telah ditemukan menunjukkan bahwa least square melakukan performa lebih baik daripada metode estimasi zero force yang berlaku pada kinerja tingkat kesalahan bit dengan sinyal terhadap noise atau dengan nama lain signal to noise ratio (SNR).

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Channel estimation has a definition to estimate the filter coefficient through received signal and other known information. There are many methods that channel estimation can be used such as minimum mean square error, least square, zero-force, maximum likelihood. In this research, least square and zero force will be discussed further. These two types are commonly known as the simplest and easiest type to implement in the wireless communication. Even though other methods like minimum mean square error or maximum likelihood have been widely known to estimate channel, such methods are proven very complex to implement.

The aimed of this research is to understand the effect and compare the performance of the channel estimation method with the capacity of multiple antennas such as Single-Input Single-Output (SISO), Multiple-Input Single-Output (MISO), Single-Input Multiple-Output (SIMO) and Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO). Least square and zero force estimation method were being used with BPSK modulation, this is due to BPSK is the simplest phase shift keying.

First, the parameters need to be configured in simulation software. Then, the data within pilots system transmitted to receiver using BPSK modulation in each of the wireless antenna systems with different wireless channels. Space time block coding of Alamouti encoder were executed for MIMO and MISO system. After that, least square and zero force method were implemented and bit error rate (BER) performance can be achieved by equalizing the transmitted signal. Analysing the result by comparing the performance of least square and zero force were accomplished.

In the recent result, it was shown that the least square performs better than zero force estimation method for the performance of bit error rate with signal to noise ratio."