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"Dilaporkan tiga kasus ESS pada wanita umur 49-55 tahun. Keluhan penderita adalah benjolan pada perut bawah atau perdarahan per vaginam, dan secara klinis didiagnosis suatu mioma uteri atau tumor solid ovarium. Satu kasus masih terbatas pada uterus, dua lainnya invasif hingga adneksa bilateral. Secara mikroskopis ketiganya tersusun atas sel-sel bulat ovoid menyerupai sel stroma endometrium fase proliferasi, umumnya tersusun solid, namun salah satunya juga menunjukkan pola susunan glanduler, tubuler dan sex cord-like pattern. Ketiga kasus menunjukkan invasi miometrium, dua di antaranya juga menunjukkan invasi limfatik/vaskular. Salah satu kasus diduga berasal dari endometriosis. Dua kasus termasuk ESS grade rendah dengan jumlah mitosis <10/10HPF, sedangkan satu lainnya grade tinggi karena sel tumor tampak lebih pleomorfik dengan mitosis >10/10HPF, yang oleh sebagian ahli disebut dengan istilah undifferentiated uterine scroma. Satu kasus termasuk stadium IB (FIGO) dan memiliki prognosis baik, namun lainnya berprognosis lebih buruk karena termasuk stadium IIIA.ESS umumnya dapat didiagnosis berdasarkan morfologi di mana sel menyerupai sel-sel stroma endometrium fase proliferasi. Sarkoma ini terbagi atas dua grade yaitu grade rendah dan tinggi berdasarkan aktifitas mitosis. Prognosis antara lain ditentukan oleh stadium saat diagnostik. Bila ESS tidak menunjukkan gambaran morfologi yang klasik disarankan diagnosis konfirmasi dengan pemeriksaan imunohistokimia CD10. Pada ESS grade rendah juga disarankan pemeriksaan Estrogen Receptor (ER) dan Progesteron Receptor (PR) sebagai dasar pertimbangan terapi hormonal."

"Sarkoma Ewing (SE) dan Primitive Neuroectdermal Tumor (PNET) tergolong dalam tumor sel bulat kecil (small round-cell tumors) yang ditemukan di tulang atau jaringan lunak. Keduanya merupakan keganasan yang dijumpai terutama pada masa kanak-kanak dan dewasa muda. Entitas penyakit Sarkoma Ewing dan Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor secara histologik masih belum selesai diperdebatkan. Hal ini terutama karena asal sel progenitor dalam histogenesis penyakit, terutama Sarkoma Ewing, masih belum jelas. Ditemukannya Sarkoma Ewing Ekstraskeletal dan osseus PNET serta perkembangan dan kemajuan teknik pemeriksaan imunohistokimia, sitogenetik, dan genetika molekular, secara tidak langsung membantu menerangkan histogenesis kedua keganasan tersebut. Saat ini berkembang pandangan yang mendukung klasifikasi Sarkoma Ewing dan PNET dalam satu spektrum entitas penyakit yang sama."

"This is the first book to be devoted exclusively to rare tumors in children and adolescents, and its aim is to provide up-to-date information on their diagnosis and clinical management. The opening section addresses general issues including epidemiology, risk factors/etiology, biology and genetics, early detection, and screening. It also discusses solutions to assist in the management of rare tumors, such as international networking and internet platforms. In the second section, specific malignancies are described, with practical guidance on diagnostic workup, multimodal therapy, follow-up, and adverse effects. Discussion of differential diagnosis encompasses both frequent and rare tumor types, which should enable the clinician to take rare entities into account during the diagnostic assessment. Each chapter goes on to provide detailed therapeutic guidelines for specific rare tumors. The authors are a multidisciplinary group of specialists who have dedicated themselves to this group of tumors."

"ABSTRAK Karsinoma ovarium adalah salah satu keganasan paling mematikan di bidang ginekologik. Penyebab keganasan belum diketahui pasti dan umumnya tidak memiliki gejala klinik yang jelas. Karsinoma ovarium tipe I khususnya karsinoma endometrioid dan karsinoma sel jernih diketahui dapat berasal dari endometriosis. Karsinoma yang berasal dari endometriosis dikenal sebagai endometriosis-associated ovarian carcinoma (EAOC). Pengembangan model hewan coba karsinoma ovarium yang berhubungan dengan endometriosis diperlukan untuk penelitian dasar dan uji klinik menggantikan jaringan manusia. Pada penelitian ini dikembangkan model hewan coba karsinoma ovarium dengan teknik autoimplantasi dan induksi DMBA. Penelitian ini mengunakan blok parafin dari tikus yang sebelumnya telah mendapatkan operasi plasebo (SHAM), autoimplantasi endometrium, kombinasi autoimplantasi endometrium dan induksi DMBA yang dikorbankan pada minggu ke-5,10, dan 20. Dilakukan penilaian histopatologik dan pulasan imunohistokimia ARID1A dengan penilaian persentase positivitas pada 200 sel. Penelitian ini menghasilkan lesi endometriosis atipik sebanyak 1 (20%) dan karsinoma sel jernih sebanyak 1 (20%) pada implantasi dan induksi DMBA 10 minggu dan karsinoma endometrioid sebanyak 100% pada kelompok induksi DMBA. Pulasan ARID1A tidak menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna (p=0,313) pada seluruh kelompok perlakuan.

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ABSTRACT Ovarian carcinoma is one of the most deadly malignancies in the gynecologic field. The cause of malignancy is not known for sure and generally do not have clear clinical symptoms. Type I ovarian carcinoma especially endometrioid carcinoma and clear cell carcinoma is known to originate from endometriosis. Carcinoma originating from endometriosis is known as endometriosis-associated ovarian carcinoma (EAOC). The development of experimental animal models of ovarian carcinoma associated with endometriosis is needed for basic research and clinical trials replace human tissue. In this study an experimental model of ovarian carcinoma was developed with autoimplantation and DMBA induction techniques.This study used paraffin blocks from mice that had previously received placebo surgery (SHAM), endometrial autoimplantation, combination of endometrial autoimplantation and DMBA induction and were sacrificed at 5,10 and 20 weeks. Assessment of ARID1A expression by assessing the percentage of positivity in 200 cells.This study resulted in 1 (20%) atypical endometriosis lesions and 1 (20%) clear cell carcinoma in 10 weeks DMBA implantation and 100% endometrioid carcinoma in the DMBA induction group. ARID1A ekspression did not show a significant difference (p = 0.313) in all treatment groups.

 

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"This book presents many of the major, relevant advances in molecular pathology that are occurring in the field of pediatric oncology and will serve as a useful overview for resident and attending physicians as well as scientists interested in understanding the molecular pathology of pediatric cancer in the context of clinical medicine. Chapters are based upon organ systems, and each is written by an expert or pair of experts in their field with subspecialty training and extensive clinical experience. Each chapter describes a variable number of tumors and includes an overview of the classification system and clinicopathological characteristics of each tumor. This is followed by a discussion of the molecular pathology relevant to a specific tumor, including specific molecular markers of the tumors, methods used for diagnosis or clinical management, clinical significance of the markers, and if appropriate, a description or discussion of current activities in translational research or issues that need to be addressed in the future. "

"In this volume Dr Hui has brought together a comprehensive overview of gestational trophoblastic disease that includes all the currently recognized entities: complete and partial hydatidiform moles, placental site trophoblastic tumor, epithelioid trophoblastic tumor, gestational choriocarcinoma, persistent gestational trophoblastic neoplasia, placental site nodule and exaggerated placental site reaction. Each entity is reviewed in detail, with emphasis on genetic background, clinical presentation, pathologic findings and ancillary studies, differential diagnosis and clinicopathological correlations.Descriptions of the pathology are supported by numerous excellent photomicrographs. Recent advances in our understanding of the genetics of gestational trophoblastic diseases are stressed. Introductory chapters cover the developmental biology of the placenta and the genetic basis of gestational trophoblastic disease, and one chapter is devoted to the molecular diagnosis of gestational trophoblastic disease. This chapter includes a review of the use of short tandem repeat (STR) genotyping which is of particular value in the diagnosis of hydatidiform moles. The final chapter covers clinical aspects of gestational trophoblastic disease, including treatment. The text throughout is current and thoroughly referenced. "

"Latar belakang : Tumor ganas adneksa mata merupakan keganasan epitel yang berasal dari kelopak mata, konjungtiva dan kelenjar kelenjar yang berada pada jaringan tersebut. Tumor ini sebenarnya mempunyai prognosis baik bila diobati pada stadium dini.Metode : Dilakukan studi historical cohort dengan survival analysis. Subyek adalah penderita tumor ganas adneksa mata yang berobat ke poliklinik subbagian Tumor Mata FKUI/RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo pada periode 1 Januari 1996 sampai 31 Desember 2000 mendapat tindakan operasi. Analisis data menggunakan cara cox proportional hazard dan analisis life table menurut metode Kaplan-Meier.Hasil : Dari 74 penderita tumor ganas adneksa mata didapat angka harapan hidup 74.24%. Penderita terbanyak adalah karsinoma sel skuamosa (51.4%), karsinoma set basal (28.4%), adenokarsinoma (14.8%) dan melanoma maligna (5.4%). Metastasis memberikan resiko tertinggi terhadap kematian HR 51.69(9.72-274.76), kelompok tumor karsinoma sel skuarnosa - adenokarsinoma HR 4.91 (0.62-38.81), penderita mendapat tambahan radiasi HR 10.72(1.25-92.18), dan jenis operasi eksenterasi HR 7.63(1.59-36.48)Kesimpulan : Faktor resiko yang berhubungan dengan kematian adalah metastasis, kelompok tumor karsinoma sel skuamosa dan adenokarsinoma, dilakukan tindakan radiasi dan tindakan eksenterasi orbita.

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Background : Malignant eye adnexa tumor originates from epithelium of eye lid, conjunctiva, and nodes of those tissues. The prognosis of this tumor is good if it is treated during the initial stadium.

Method : A historical cohort study was carried out with survival analysis. The subject of the study were patients with malignant eye adnexa tumor who went to Sub-division of Eye Tumor FKUI/RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo from the period of January I, 1996 to December 31, 2000 and received surgical treatment. Data analysis used was cox proportional hazard and life table analysis with Kaplan Meier method.

Result : From 74 patients with malignant eye adnexa tumor we obtained a survival rate of 74.24%. Most of them suffer from squamous cell carcinoma (51.4%), basal cell carcinoma (28.4%), adenocarcinoma (14.8%) and melanoma maligna (5.4%). Metastasis contributes to a high risk of death HR 51.69 (9.72-274.76), squamous cell carcinoma - adenocarcinoma group type HR 4.91 (0.62-38.81), patients receiving additional radiation treatment HR 10.72 (1.25-92.18), and exenteration HR 7.63 (1.59-36.48).

Conclusion : The risk factor which causes death is metastasis, squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma group type, radiation treatment and exenteration of the orbit were done."